microscope images
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

1079
(FIVE YEARS 144)

H-INDEX

50
(FIVE YEARS 5)

Coatings ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Rumyantsev ◽  
Varvara Rumyantseva ◽  
Viktoriya Konovalova

The article presents a method for obtaining white phosphate coatings on steel by cold method. The deposition of protective phosphate coatings was carried out from solutions based on the preparation “Majef”, consisting of manganese and iron phosphates. To obtain phosphate films of white color, it is proposed to introduce zinc and calcium nitrates into phosphating solutions at the rate of 25–30 g/L. The surface of phosphate coatings was studied using the SolverP47-PRO atomic force microscope images, and the average grain size was determined. The structural and phase composition of phosphate coatings was been studied using X-ray diffraction analysis. The protective properties of phosphate coatings were estimated by corrosion rate indicators calculated from corrosion diagrams. Fine-crystalline uniform coatings were obtained from modified phosphating solutions at room temperature on steel. The white color of phosphate coatings is due to the increased content of phosphophyllite, hopeite, and parascholzite in their structural and phase composition. By applying protective phosphate coatings of white color on a steel product, corrosion can be slowed down by 4–4.5 times. However, white phosphate coatings are inferior in protective properties to unpainted coatings. The index of change in the mass of samples with white phosphate coatings because of corrosion is 0.371–0.41 g/(m2·h), and with unpainted coatings is 0.128 g/(m2·h).


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zheng ◽  
Rong Yang ◽  
Kang Wu ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Shixuan Du ◽  
...  

Abstract We report a facile phase conversion method that can locally convert n-type SnSe2 into p-type SnSe by direct laser irradiation. Raman spectra of SnSe2 flakes before and after laser irradiation confirm the phase conversion of SnSe2 to SnSe. By performing the laser irradiation on SnSe2 flakes at different temperatures, it is found that laser heating effect induces the removal of Se atoms from SnSe2 and results in the phase conversion of SnSe2 to SnSe. Lattice-revolved transmission electron microscope images of SnSe2 flakes before and after laser irradiation further confirm such conversion. By selective laser irradiation on SnSe2 flakes, a pattern with SnSe2/SnSe heteostructures is created. This indicates that the laser induced phase conversion technique has relatively high spatial resolution and enables the creation of micron-sized in-plane p-n junction at predefined region.


Author(s):  
Stephen M. Zimmerman ◽  
Carl G. Simon Jr. ◽  
Greta Babakhanova

The AbsorbanceQ app converts brightfield microscope images into absorbance images that can be analyzed and compared across different operators, microscopes, and time. Because absorbance-based measurements are comparable across these parameters, they are useful when the aim is to manufacture biotherapeutics with consistent quality. AbsorbanceQ will be of value to those who want to capture quantitative absorbance images of cells. The AbsorbanceQ app has two modes - a single image processing mode and a batch processing mode for multiple images. Instructions for using the app are given on the ‘App Information’ tab when the app is opened. The input and output images for the app have been defined, and synthetic images were used to validate that the output images are correct. This article provides a description of how to use the app, software specifications, a description of how the app works, instructive advice on how to use the tools and a description of the methods used to generate the software. In addition, links are provided to a website where the app and test images are deployed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Borhanpour ◽  
Seyed Saeed Sekhavatizadeh ◽  
Saeid Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Mahboobeh Hasanzadeh ◽  
Mohammad-Taghi Golmakani ◽  
...  

Abstract Chavil (Ferulago angulata) extract (CE) and microencapsulated chavil extract (MCE) were added to UF- Feta-type Cheese. The aim of this study was to comprising CE and MCE on physicochemical and microbiological properties in cheese. The scanning electron microscope images demonstrate the MCE had elliptical shape. The average size diameter curve of the MCE revealed bimodal distribution with two peaks (1541 and 2222 nm) separately. The hardness value of MCE cheese (212.83 ± 17.63 g) was lower than that of CE (343.67 ± 25.53 g) because of canola oil used in the microencapsulation process. The MCE-cheese showed lower values of acidity (1.67%) in comparison with CE-cheese (1.87%). The viable numbers of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis were equal among the samples (4.6–4.9 log10 CFU/g respectively). The acid degree value of MCE (2.07 ± 0.21%) and CE (1.83 ± 0.25%) cheese were nearly equal at the end of storage time.


Author(s):  
Nesrin İçli ◽  
Fevziye Işıl Kesbiç

Tarhana is a traditional food produced by different traditional methods and the materials used in production are changing from a region to another region. The total yeast and molds, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Escherichia Coli and enterococci bacteria count of wet dough Kastamonu tarhana and dry powdered tarhana samples were investigated in this study. All microorganisms examined in our study were detected in one of the wet dough tarhana samples. The highest total yeast and molds, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli and enterococci bacteria counts were determined for the wet dough tarhana samples to be 2.2×106, 6.6×107, 1.2×106 and 1.9×106 cfu/g, respectively. No growth of microorganism capable of reproduction was observed in the powdered tarhana produced industrially. In addition, the Escherichia coli and enterococci bacteria were not detected for any of the dry powder tarhana samples. It was seen that the microbial load of the wet tarhana produced at home in Kastamonu was higher than the powdered tarhana. The reason for this situation was thought to be due to poor production and hygiene conditions. The presence of Escherichia coli and enterococci bacteria in samples indicates that there is possible fecal contamination of the raw materials used in wet dough tarhana production. Electron microscope images of molds obtained in our study are similar to molds producing mycotoxins. These results show that the wet dough tarhana have a greater risk for microorganism development and human health compared to dry powder tarhana.


F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1168
Author(s):  
Xin-Hui Lam ◽  
Kok-Why Ng ◽  
Yih-Jian Yoong ◽  
Seng-Beng Ng

Introduction White blood cells (WBCs) are immunity cells which fight against viruses and bacteria in the human body. Microscope images of captured WBCs for processing and analysis are important to interpret the body condition. At present, there is no robust automated method to segment and classify WBCs images with high accuracy. This paper aims to improve on WBCs image segmentation and classification method. Methods A triple thresholding method was proposed to segment the WBCs; meanwhile, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based binary classification model that adopts transfer learning technique was proposed to detect and classify WBCs as a healthy or a malignant. The input dataset of this research work is the Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Image Database (ALL-IDB). The process first converts the captured microscope images into HSV format for obtaining the H component. Otsu thresholding is applied to segment the WBC area. A 13 × 13 kernel with two iterations was used to apply morphological opening on image to ameliorate output results. Collected cell masks were used to detect the contour of each cell on the original image. To classify WBCs into a healthy or a malignant category, characteristics and conditions of WBCs are to be examined. A transfer learning technique and pre-trained InceptionV3 model were employed to extract the features from the images for classification. Results The proposed WBCs segmentation method yields 90.45% accuracy, 83.81% of the structural similarity index, 76.25% of the dice similarity coefficient, and is computationally efficient. The accuracy of fine-tuned classifier model for training, validation and test sets are 93.27%, 92.31% and 96.15% respectively. The obtained results are high in accuracy and precision are over 96% and with lower loss value. Discussion Triple thresholding outperforms K-means clustering in segmenting smaller dataset. Pre-trained InceptionV3 model and transfer learning improve the flexibility and ability of classifier.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Bella Jane Duncan

<p>Coccolithophores play a key role in the ocean carbon cycle, regulating the uptake and release of CO2. Satellite observations over the past few decades show ocean change in a warming world is accompanied by changes in the latitudinal distribution of coccolithophore blooms. Despite their importance in the carbon cycle, knowledge of the causes of coccolithophore blooms, and how they may respond to future climate change is limited. In this study evidence from marine sedimentary cores is used to derive longer, more complete records of past coccolithophore productivity, and the factors that potentially caused enhanced coccolithophore productivity in previous interglacials. Carbonate-rich marine cores; subtropical P71 from north of New Zealand (33°51.3‟S, 174°41.6‟E) and subantarctic Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) 1120 from the Campbell Plateau (50°3.803‟S, 173°22.300‟E) show abrupt changes between foraminiferal-rich sediments during glacials to coccolith-rich sediments during interglacials. Both cores encompass the last two complete interglacial cycles, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 (71-130ka) and MIS 7 (191- 243ka). While MIS 5 has been well-studied in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, research on MIS 7 is limited. From the literature, and data from this study, new insights are presented into the climatic and oceanographic conditions during MIS 7. Sea surface temperatures in the subtropical Tasman Inflow were comparable to present during MIS 7a (191-222ka), but were cooler in MIS 7c (235-243ka), implying a change in flow regime potentially related to the dynamics of the South Pacific Gyre. During MIS 7a and 7c the temperature gradient across the Subtropical Front (STF), which separates subtropical and subantarctic waters, was greater than present on the Chatham Rise, at >2°C per 1° latitude. In the Tasman Sea, the STF moved northwards by ~2° latitude. This thesis employs grain size data and scanning electron microscope images to show that significant coccolithophore blooms occurred during MIS 7a at subtropical core P71, but not during interglacial peak MIS 5e (117-130ka), whilst the reverse is true at subantarctic core ODP 1120. A range of paleo-environmental proxies are used to determine the potential conditions that caused these coccolithophore blooms. This includes mass accumulation rates of CaCO3 and % of <20μm grain size that texturally identifies coccoliths, to determine relative rates of coccolithophore productivity. Oxygen isotopes (δ18O) of multiple planktic and benthic foraminifera provide age models, with the former also helping to identify upper water column stratification. Mg/Ca ratios in planktic foraminifera, Globigerinoides ruber, and Random Forest modelling of planktic foraminifera assemblages have been used to derive paleo-temperature estimates. These methods, coupled with trace element data from G. ruber as a productivity proxy, foraminifera assemblages, data on solar insolation and scanning electron microscope images, collectively determine the oceanic conditions at the time of coccolithophore blooms at each core site. The results suggest that no one factor was responsible for blooming, rather it was the combination, and interactions between different environmental processes, that were important. At P71, key factors for bloom formation in MIS 7a were high insolation, thermal stratification of the uppermost ocean, and well-mixed source waters from the Tasman Inflow. At ODP 1120, blooms in MIS 5e resulted from decreased windiness, warmer sea surface temperatures and reduced oceanic circulation over the Campbell Plateau, resulting in marked thermal stratification. It is likely that coccolithophore blooms further enhanced stratification at each core site, and restricted productivity further down the water column. At P71, modern oceanic trends suggest that conditions that caused blooms during MIS 7a will not be met in the near future, and blooming is unlikely to increase at this core site. At ODP 1120, modern trends are less clear, but future conditions are projected to be comparable to MIS 5e, suggesting that coccolithophore blooming may increase in the future in subantarctic waters.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Bella Jane Duncan

<p>Coccolithophores play a key role in the ocean carbon cycle, regulating the uptake and release of CO2. Satellite observations over the past few decades show ocean change in a warming world is accompanied by changes in the latitudinal distribution of coccolithophore blooms. Despite their importance in the carbon cycle, knowledge of the causes of coccolithophore blooms, and how they may respond to future climate change is limited. In this study evidence from marine sedimentary cores is used to derive longer, more complete records of past coccolithophore productivity, and the factors that potentially caused enhanced coccolithophore productivity in previous interglacials. Carbonate-rich marine cores; subtropical P71 from north of New Zealand (33°51.3‟S, 174°41.6‟E) and subantarctic Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) 1120 from the Campbell Plateau (50°3.803‟S, 173°22.300‟E) show abrupt changes between foraminiferal-rich sediments during glacials to coccolith-rich sediments during interglacials. Both cores encompass the last two complete interglacial cycles, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 (71-130ka) and MIS 7 (191- 243ka). While MIS 5 has been well-studied in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, research on MIS 7 is limited. From the literature, and data from this study, new insights are presented into the climatic and oceanographic conditions during MIS 7. Sea surface temperatures in the subtropical Tasman Inflow were comparable to present during MIS 7a (191-222ka), but were cooler in MIS 7c (235-243ka), implying a change in flow regime potentially related to the dynamics of the South Pacific Gyre. During MIS 7a and 7c the temperature gradient across the Subtropical Front (STF), which separates subtropical and subantarctic waters, was greater than present on the Chatham Rise, at >2°C per 1° latitude. In the Tasman Sea, the STF moved northwards by ~2° latitude. This thesis employs grain size data and scanning electron microscope images to show that significant coccolithophore blooms occurred during MIS 7a at subtropical core P71, but not during interglacial peak MIS 5e (117-130ka), whilst the reverse is true at subantarctic core ODP 1120. A range of paleo-environmental proxies are used to determine the potential conditions that caused these coccolithophore blooms. This includes mass accumulation rates of CaCO3 and % of <20μm grain size that texturally identifies coccoliths, to determine relative rates of coccolithophore productivity. Oxygen isotopes (δ18O) of multiple planktic and benthic foraminifera provide age models, with the former also helping to identify upper water column stratification. Mg/Ca ratios in planktic foraminifera, Globigerinoides ruber, and Random Forest modelling of planktic foraminifera assemblages have been used to derive paleo-temperature estimates. These methods, coupled with trace element data from G. ruber as a productivity proxy, foraminifera assemblages, data on solar insolation and scanning electron microscope images, collectively determine the oceanic conditions at the time of coccolithophore blooms at each core site. The results suggest that no one factor was responsible for blooming, rather it was the combination, and interactions between different environmental processes, that were important. At P71, key factors for bloom formation in MIS 7a were high insolation, thermal stratification of the uppermost ocean, and well-mixed source waters from the Tasman Inflow. At ODP 1120, blooms in MIS 5e resulted from decreased windiness, warmer sea surface temperatures and reduced oceanic circulation over the Campbell Plateau, resulting in marked thermal stratification. It is likely that coccolithophore blooms further enhanced stratification at each core site, and restricted productivity further down the water column. At P71, modern oceanic trends suggest that conditions that caused blooms during MIS 7a will not be met in the near future, and blooming is unlikely to increase at this core site. At ODP 1120, modern trends are less clear, but future conditions are projected to be comparable to MIS 5e, suggesting that coccolithophore blooming may increase in the future in subantarctic waters.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 684-696
Author(s):  
P. Krawczyk ◽  
A. Jansche ◽  
T. Bernthaler ◽  
G. Schneider

Abstract Image-based qualitative and quantitative structural analyses using high-resolution light microscopy are integral parts of the materialographic work on materials and components. Vibrations or defocusing often result in blurred image areas, especially in large-scale micrographs and at high magnifications. As the robustness of the image-processing analysis methods is highly dependent on the image grade, the image quality directly affects the quantitative structural analysis. We present a deep learning model which, when using appropriate training data, is capable of increasing the image sharpness of light microscope images. We show that a sharpness correction for blurred images can successfully be performed using deep learning, taking the examples of steels with a bainitic microstructure, non-metallic inclusions in the context of steel purity degree analyses, aluminumsilicon cast alloys, sintered magnets, and lithium-ion batteries. We furthermore examine whether geometric accuracy is ensured in the artificially resharpened images.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document