Supramolecular Frameworks Based on Rhenium Clusters Using the Synthons Approach

The reaction of the K4[{Re6Si8}(OH)a6]·8H2O rhenium cluster salt with pyrazine (Pz) in aqueous solutions of alkaline or alkaline earth salts at 4 °C or at room temperature leads to apical ligand exchange and to the formation of five new compounds: [trans-{Re6Si8}(Pz)a2(OH)a2(H2O)a2] (1), [cis-{Re6Si8}(Pz)a2(OH)a2(H2O)a2] (2), (NO3)[cis-{Re6Si8}(Pz)a2(OH)a(H2O)a3](Pz)·3H2O (3), [Mg(H2O)6]0.5[cis-{Re6Si8}(Pz)a2(OH)a3(H2O)a]·8.5H2O (4), and K[cis-{Re6Si8}(Pz)a2(OH)a3(H2O)a]·8H2O (5). Their crystal structures are built up from trans- or cis-[{Re6Si8}(Pz)a2(OH)a4−x(H2O)ax]x−2 cluster units. The cohesions of the 3D supramolecular frameworks are based on stacking and H bonding, as well as on H3O2−bridges in the cases of (1), (2), (4), and (5) compounds, while (3) is built from stacking and H bonding only. This evidences that the nature of the synthons governing the cluster unit assembly is dependent on the hydration rate of the unit.

PUBLIC SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE OBJECTIVE ATTENTION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS

The article considers the issue of state security in the context of the objective attention of public administration. Based on the semantics of the concepts of "state" and "security", elaboration of a set of approaches to the interpretation of these definitions, analysis of options for different authors in favor of certain approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "state security" formed and motivated the author's vision of this term such a state of protection of various vector interests of the state and its simple cluster unit - the citizen - which ensures the effective functioning of all spheres, industries, institutional sectors (including their units), mechanisms in general and the implementation of the functions and powers of the state institution in particular for their further development in a changing environment, external and internal threats. The proposed in some way unification approach allows emphasizing the content of the concept, as a logically related set of relevant objects, in the context of the prevailing philosophical nature of the phenomenon of "security", leaving open the "scope" of the concept for further more detailed detailing of its characteristics in the segment. theoretical foundations of the science of public administration in the field of public security concerning its elemental components. This approach provides a focus on the most general object-subject features of the concept while avoiding minor characteristics. Keywords: state, society, public administration, national security, state security, threats.

Hexaaquadodeca-μ2-iodido-octahedro-hexatantalum diiodide tetrahydrate

In the crystal structure of the cluster salt, [Ta6I12(H2O)6]I2·4H2O, the octahedral {Ta6} cluster core is μ2-coordinated by twelve iodido ligands (inner ligand sphere) whereas the six aqua ligands coordinate each at the six outer positions. The discrete, inversion-symmetric cluster complex is double-positively charged, and two iodide anions are present in the crystal structure as counter-ions. In addition, four water molecules are co-crystallized. Hydrogen bonds between the cluster unit, the iodide anions and co-crystallized water molecules stabilize the charge-assisted packing in the crystal structure.

Metal-organic frameworks constructed from [MS4Cux]x-2 (M = W, Mo) unit: isomerization of the cluster unit induced by temperature

[MS4Cux]x-2 cluster unit (M = W, Mo, x = 1,2,…6) is a kind of heterothiometallic unit of versatile connectivities and geometries for building metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of intriguing structures and...

The Study of fluviomarine rice field productivity and its effect on farmer’s income in Mojowarno Village, Kaliori District, Rembang Regency

Fluviomarine rice field is a type of agricultural land resulting from past marine activity processes with alluvium deposition material. This study specifically discusses the productivity of the rice field agricultural system by linking the physical components of the land based on the characteristics of geomorphological conditions (physiography, soil type, elevation contour, slope, and land use) with social interactions by local farmers. This study wants to analyze the productivity of the fluviomarine rice field farming system on agricultural income in Mojowarno village. This study uses 72 households data sample with the cluster random sampling method, which is based on the fluviomarine form cluster unit. The data analysis used a descriptive quantitative analysis. The results of this study are the fluviomarin rice fields farming system inMojowarno Village is a rainfed farming system with a planting frequency of only 2 times a year. Meanwhile, the average productivity of the land was only 5,307 tons /hectar, while the average income received by farmers was only Rp 5,879,631.00 /year. The regression statistical test results show that farmers’ income is significantly influenced by land productivity. This study is expected to be used as a reference in preparing the development strategy for increasing farmer’s income.

Does Socio-structural Context Matter? A Multilevel Test of Sexual Minority Stigma and Depressive Symptoms in Four Asia-Pacific Countries

In the Asia-Pacific region, individual sexual stigma contributes to elevated rates of depression among sexual minority men. Less well understood is the role of socio-structural sexual stigma despite evidence that social context influences the experience of stigma. We use data from the United Nations Multi-country Study on Men and Violence to conduct a multilevel test of associations between individual- and cluster unit–level indicators of sexual stigma and depressive symptoms among sexual minority men ( n = 562). In the full model, individual-level sexual stigma is not associated with depressive symptoms, although there is significant variation in the association between individual stigma and depressive symptoms across clusters. Contrary to expectation, at the community level, homophobic injunctive norms are negatively associated with depressive symptoms. We discuss the implications for policies, programs, and future research to improve mental health among sexual minority men in the region.

Highly efficient sky blue electroluminescence from ligand-activated copper iodide clusters: Overcoming the limitations of cluster light-emitting diodes

Organic light-emitting diodes using cluster emitters have recently emerged as a flexible optoelectronic platform to extend their biological and optical applications. However, their inefficient cluster-centered excited states and deficient electrical properties limit device performance. Here, we introduce donor groups in organic ligands to form ligand-activated clusters, enabling the fabrication of the first cluster-based sky blue–emitting device with a record 30- and 8-fold increased luminance and external quantum efficiency up to ~7000 nits and ~8%, respectively. We show that the electron-donating effect of donor groups can enhance ligand-centered transitions and thoroughly eliminate cluster-centered excited states by delocalizing the molecular transition orbitals from the cluster unit to the ligand, leading to 13-fold increased photoluminescence quantum yield. In turn, the excellent rigidity and photostability of the cluster unit improve the color purity and efficiency stability of the devices. These results will motivate the further development of high-performance optoelectronic clusters by ligand engineering.