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10.37236/9507 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Bell ◽  
Keith Driscoll ◽  
Elliot Krop ◽  
Kimber Wolff

A maximum sequence $S$ of vertices in a graph $G$, so that every vertex in $S$ has a neighbor which is independent, or is itself independent, from all previous vertices in $S$, is called a Grundy dominating sequence. The Grundy domination number, $\gamma_{gr}(G)$, is the length of $S$. We show that for any forest $F$, $\gamma_{gr}(F)=|V(T)|-|\mathcal{P}|$ where $\mathcal{P}$ is a minimum partition of the non-isolate vertices of $F$ into caterpillars in which if two caterpillars of $\mathcal{P}$ have an edge between them in $F$, then such an edge must be incident to a non-leaf vertex in at least one of the caterpillars. We use this result to show the strong product conjecture of B. Brešar, Cs. Bujtás, T. Gologranc, S. Klavžar, G. Košmrlj, B.~Patkós, Zs. Tuza, and M. Vizer, Dominating sequences in grid-like and toroidal graphs, Electron. J. Combin. 23(4): P4.34 (2016), for all forests. Namely, we show that for any forest $G$ and graph $H$, $\gamma_{gr}(G \boxtimes H) = \gamma_{gr}(G) \gamma_{gr}(H)$. We also show that every connected graph $G$ has a spanning tree $T$ so that $\gamma_{gr}(G)\le \gamma_{gr}(T)$ and that every non-complete connected graph contains a Grundy dominating set $S$ so that the induced subgraph of $S$ contains no isolated vertices. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 859-862
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shafiq Shahid

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus; family Cucurbitaceae) plants exhibiting begomovirus-like symptoms such as yellowing, mosaics and stunting were studied using cloning, sequencing, Species Demarcation Tool followed by phylogenetic clustering. The complete genome of DNA-A showed maximum sequence identity of 98.7% with the corresponding DNA-A of an isolate from “Iran” strain of Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV). The DNA-B displayed 97.5% nt identity with the component of DNA-B of WmCSV from Iran, too. Our results confirmed that yellowing and mosaic symptoms of cucumber are associated with a bipartite begomovirus (WmCSV). This study is the first characterization of WmCSV in association with described symptoms in cucumber from Oman. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers


2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1950188
Author(s):  
Yilong Liao ◽  
Xiangning Fan ◽  
Zaijun Hua

This paper proposes a Multi-stAge noise SHaping (MASH) digital delta-sigma modulator (DDSM) with negative feedback to acquire the maximum sequence length. The mathematical analysis shows that the sequence length is [Formula: see text], which is not affected by the input values and initial conditions, where [Formula: see text] is the smallest prime number above the quantization interval [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is the order of the MASH DDSM. Moreover, the influence of the negative feedback on the input range is analyzed. Finally, the simulations and experiments are performed to verify the theoretical analysis.


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1831-1834
Author(s):  
Shweta Kumari ◽  
H. A. Prameela ◽  
Manjunath Manjunath ◽  
S. Hurakadli ◽  
K. T. Rangaswamy

China aster (Callistephus chinensis L.) is one of the most popular annual flowering plant grown through-out the world. Phyllody disease of China aster is a phytoplasma associated disease that induces severe economic losses. Phytoplasmal disease in China aster was assessed for phytoplasma by direct polymerase chain reaction primed by using phytoplasma universal primer pairs PI/P7. A 1.8 Kb DNA fragments encoding the portion of phyto-plasma 16SrDNA amplified by PCR was cloned and sequenced. Sequencing of the PCR product and BLAST analy-sis indicated that China aster phyllody phytoplasma strain shared maximum sequence identity (99%) with strains of Peanut Witches’ broom (16SrII) phytoplasma group. Phylogenetic relationship of 16SrDNA sequence of China aster phyllody phytoplasma strain in the present study confirmed association of Peanut Witches’ broom (16SrII) group of phytoplasmas with China aster phyllody disease in India.


2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross A. Maller ◽  
Peter C. Schmidli

Abstract An rth-order extremal process Δ(r) = (Δ(r)t)t≥0 is a continuous-time analogue of the rth partial maximum sequence of a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables. Studying maxima in continuous time gives rise to the notion of limiting properties of Δt(r) as t ↓ 0. Here we describe aspects of the small-time behaviour of Δ(r) by characterising its upper and lower classes relative to a nonstochastic nondecreasing function bt > 0 with limt↓bt = 0. We are then able to give an integral criterion for the almost sure relative stability of Δt(r) as t ↓ 0, r = 1, 2, . . ., or, equivalently, as it turns out, for the almost sure relative stability of Δt(1) as t ↓ 0.


2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihuang Kang ◽  
Vladimir Zadorozhny

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_4) ◽  
pp. 1241-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Du ◽  
Hina Singh ◽  
Hien T. T. Ngo ◽  
Kyung-Hwa Won ◽  
Ki-Young Kim ◽  
...  

Two Gram-stain-negative, yellow, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial isolates, designated THG-DN3.18T and THG-DN3.19T, were isolated from an ancient tree trunk from Daejeon, South Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that both strains belong to the genus Pedobacter within the family Sphingobacteriaceae . Strain THG-DN3.18T exhibited maximum sequence similarity with Pedobacter boryungensis KCTC 23344T (98.5 %) while strain THG-DN3.19T exhibited maximum sequence similarity with Pedobacter nyackensis LMG 24260T (97.3 %). In DNA–DNA hybridization tests, the two strains showed less than 35 % relatedness with respect to closely related species of the genus Pedobacter . Both strains contained iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c (summed feature 3) as the predominant fatty acids and MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone. The DNA G+C contents of strains THG-DN3.18T and THG-DN3.19T were 35.5 and 40.1 mol%, respectively. The genotypic analysis, biochemical properties, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics indicate that strains THG-DN3.18T and THG-DN3.19T represent novel species of the genus Pedobacter , for which the names Pedobacter daejeonensis sp. nov. and Pedobacter trunci sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are THG-DN3.18T ( = KCTC 42230T = JCM 30352T) and THG-DN3.19T ( = KCTC 42233T = JCM 30353T), respectively.


2014 ◽  
Vol 565 ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
Chia Min Pai ◽  
Yu Ling Liu ◽  
Chou Jung Hsu

This paper explored single-machine rescheduling of new orders with both learning and deterioration effects consideration. According to the literature research, rescheduling means that a set of original jobs has already been scheduled to minimize classical objective, and later a new set of jobs arrives and creates a disruption. Two kinds of constraints, the maximum sequence disruption of the original jobs cannot exceed a fixed number and the maximum time disruption of the original jobs cannot exceed a known value, were examined. The objectives of this paper were to minimize total completion time based on the constraints respectively. We proved that both problems are solved in polynomial time algorithms.


2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobus Th. J. Verhoeven ◽  
Ellis T. M. Meekes ◽  
Johanna W. Roenhorst ◽  
Ricardo Flores ◽  
Pedro Serra

A viroid-like RNA has been detected in two asymptomatic dahlia accessions by return and double PAGE. It appeared smaller than Chrysanthemum stunt viroid and Potato spindle tuber viroid, the two members of the genus Pospiviroid, family Pospiviroidae, reported in this ornamental previously. RT-PCR with primers designed for amplifying all pospiviroids produced no amplicons, but RT-PCR with random primers revealed a 342 nt RNA. The sequence of this RNA was confirmed with specific primers, which additionally revealed its presence in many dahlia cultivars. The RNA was named Dahlia latent viroid (DLVd) because it replicates autonomously, but symptomlessly, in dahlia and shares maximum sequence identity with other viroids of less than 56 %. Furthermore, DLVd displays characteristic features of the family Pospiviroidae: a predicted rod-like secondary structure of minimum free energy with a central conserved region (CCR), and the ability to form the metastable structures hairpins I and II. Its CCR is identical to that of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd, genus Hostuviroid). However, DLVd: (i) has the terminal conserved region present in members of the genus Pospiviroid, but absent in HSVd, and (ii) lacks the terminal conserved hairpin present in HSVd. Phylogenetic reconstructions indicate that HSVd and Pepper chat fruit viroid (genus Pospiviroid) are the closest relatives of DLVd, but DLVd differs from these viroids in its host range, restricted to dahlia so far. Therefore, while DLVd fulfils the criteria to be a novel species of the family Pospiviroidae, its recombinant origin makes assignment to the genera Pospiviroid or Hostuviroid problematic.


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