Investigation of perceived stress situations in university students during the corona virus outbreak process

Background: Stress is defined as the body's mental and physical action and reaction to any physical or psychological stimulus in order to achieve the necessary adaptation. Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the perceived stress situations of university students during the corona virus outbreak process. Methods: The perceived stress scale filled by 489 university students was evaluated. Independent t-test, paired t-test, unidirectional variance analysis and LSD tests were used in statistical operations. Results: Perceived stress is statistically different in both pre-epidemic and throughout the epidemic cases by gender (p <0.001). It was also found that the perceived stress was higher during the outbreak compared to the pre-outbreak situation (p <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the perceived stress scores of the students who said that the sleep patterns of the students did not change, I slept more or less (p <0.001). Stress level changed according to the state of doing sports (p<0.001).There was no significant difference in stress scores between watching TV and watching corona virus news on the internet (p> 0.05). There was a significant difference in perceived stress scores in social media according to the frequency of exposure (p <0.001). Conclusion: During the corona virus epidemic, students' perceived stress levels increased. People who do not do sports were more affected by this process. Perceived stress situations have changed according to the level of exposure to coronavirus news on social media. In order to get rid of the stress of the corona virus epidemic, it is recommended to do sports, strengthen the immune system and be less exposed to scary news on social media. Keywords: Corona virus, perceived stress, student, sport

An Exploratory Data Analysis of Covid-19 Outbreak Situation in India

The number of COVID-19 cases in India is increasing expeditiously. The National and native authorities are having a tough time to make a pattern, analyze and forecast the spread of COVID-19 in India. The main focus of this paper is to draw a statistical model for better understanding of COVID-19 spread in India by thoroughly studying the reported cases in the country till 14 March 2020. An Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) technique is being implemented to review and analyze the reported COVID-19 cases in India. The results of the analysis divulge the impact of COVID-19 in India on daily and weekly manner, analysis of different states of India, analogize India with abutting countries also like the countries who are badly affected.

RESPONSES TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A SCENARIO OF BANGLADESH

Emerging at the end of 2019 in China, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infected millions and killed thousands of people across the globe. Like other South Asian countries such as India and Pakistan, Bangladesh is also struggling to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the first detection on March 2020, terrible touch of the corona had been inundated Bangladesh with a total of 5,661,926 suspected patients and reported 776,257 (13.7%) cases, 12,005 deaths (1.5% CFR), and an overall recovery of 715,321 (92%) cases as of May 11, 2020. In attempts to reduce the burden of corona cases in one of the most densely populated country of the world, the government has taken several initiatives. Bangladesh has been stepped up a large number of medical & testing facilities, manpower, social awareness campaigns, and has taken many initial steps to fight against COVID-19. This review article is focused on the overall outbreak situation, the preparedness of the government of Bangladesh as well as challenges and limitations faced by the country so far to tackle the novel coronavirus pandemic 2019.

A multi--criterion simulation model to determine dengue outbreaks

In this study we develop a multi-criteria model to identify dengue outbreak periods. To validate the model, we perform simulation using dengue transmission related data in the Western Province, Sri Lanka. Our results indicate that the developed model can be used to predict the dengue outbreak situation in a given region upto one month.

Inovatif Saat Pandemi Covid Melalui Pelatihan Kewirausahaan Khas Perempuan Berbahan Sampah “Kolaborasi BUMDes dan Warga”

The waste condition that has not been resolved, followed by the PSBB program, has become a creative idea for community service through collaboration between academics, BUMDes and villagers and in collaboration with the Waste Bank Association. The selection of female participants in entrepreneurship training, because it is seen that women understand the waste better. Service methods using socialization and application practices are considered most effective in the implementation of entrepreneurship training based on women's specific knowledge. The results of service are conducive in the covid outbreak situation while still implementing physical distancing. Enthusiasm was high both by the BUMDes "Podho Joyo", Sidayu District, Gresik Regency and village women. Training on the concept of entrepreneurship is also provided by academics, so that through dedication can be an innovative solution for village welfare during a pandemic.

Time for a village-level strategy for the elimination of kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) in India: analysis of potential kala-azar outbreak situation in 2018

Cases of kala-azar reported during 2013–2018 in Bihar, India were retrospectively analysed. Of 2187 villages reporting cases of kala-azar in 2018, 573 (26.2%) had reported no case in the previous five years but contributed to 20% of disease burden in 2018. On applying potential thresholds of kala-azar outbreaks, 805, 519 and 103 villages reported more than twice, thrice and five times their previous five-year annual average in 2018, respectively. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) in villages reporting any case of kala-azar in the past three years as per current guidelines could cover 72% of incident cases in 2018 vis-a-vis 80% if villages reporting cases in the past five years were considered. Therefore, IRS may be expanded to villages reporting cases in the past five years. Village case trends can be utilised to configure potential outbreak alarms (early warning and response system) on a pre-organised dashboard. A data-driven strategy for villages newly reporting cases and those in potential outbreak situations could prove effective in achieving and sustaining the elimination of kala-azar.

4.A. Round table: Points of entry in light of the COVID-19 outbreak – a European perspective

Points of entry (PoE) have a crucial role in responding to a public health event of international concern (PHEIC) such as COVID-19. Border measures such as entry screening, quarantine and communication are implemented to stop or slow down the spread of COVID-19. Temperature screening at airports, denied access to ports for cruise ships with suspected cases on-board, long-lasting quarantine on board of a cruise ship or temporary suspending cross-border train traffic are just some examples of how PoE are affected by the current outbreak situation. Using the network of the EU Joint Action Healthy Gateways group (JAHG) on preparedness and action at PoE, this workshop aims to highlight strategies and experiences across Europe with respect to awareness, prevention, detection and control of COVID-19 at PoE. The workshop will give a short overview of the current situation in Europe and briefly elaborate on expected and unexpected roles of PoE during the COVID-19 outbreak. Selected key aspects and case-based reports regarding COVID-19 management at PoE will be lined out and discussed: Experiences, challenges and needs of PoE in Europe.Communication and information strategies are crucial in an outbreak situation. The workshop will display case-based examples and emphasize on the challenges and efficacy of different strategies during the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, the need for and experiences of information exchange between POE will be stressed and illustrated.An outbreak situation with a formerly unknown, novel virus such as Sars-CoV-2 requires specific education and training at POE. Practice examples of educational measures (such as e. g. personal instructions, written material, webinars etc.) as well as challenges in rapid development of training material and in assessing specific training needs will be highlighted.What can we learn so far from COVID-19 outbreak management at PoE in Europe? Some preliminary practice recommendations for PoE will be put to discussion. Preliminary results of a survey on how POE dealt with COVID-19 and the specific training needs PoE encountered in this situation will also be presented at the workshop. PoE in Europe, and all over the world, play an important role in the COVID-19 outbreak. This session provides the opportunity to discuss experiences and challenges of COVID-19 outbreak management at PoE from European countries and thereby contributes to skill building and knowledge exchange among experts from the field to learn for future outbreaks. Key messages COVID-19 is a major challenge for PoE across Europe. Diverse and partly non-coherent measures for the outbreak management have been put in place at PoE leaving room for harmonization. Communication and information as well as specific education and training on site are particularly challenging and put burden on PoE staff. Adaptive communication and training strategies are needed. Panelists: Aura Timen RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands Contact: [email protected] Martin Dirksen-Fischer Institute of Hygiene and the Environment, Ministry of Federal Health and Consumer Protection, Hamburg, Germany Contact: [email protected] Brigita Kairiene Department of Communicable Diseases Management, National Public Health Centre, Klaipeda, Lithuania Contact: [email protected] Evelien Belfroid RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands Contact: [email protected] Doret de Rooij RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands Contact: [email protected]

Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Tentang Penyelenggaraan Ibadah Dalam Situasi Terjadi Wabah Covid-19 Sebagai Langkah Antisipatif dan Proaktif Persebaran Virus Corona Di Indonesia

In response to the spread of Covid-19, which reached the Republic of Indonesia, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) released Fatwa Number 14 of 2020 on the application of Worship in a Covid-19 Outbreak situation. This was achieved as a constructive and anticipatory move for the MUI Institute, which serves as a fatwa contributor in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative research method with a literature approach, especially in the Fatwa section of the Indonesian Ulema Council. The results of this study show that the steps taken by MUI are deemed acceptable as this organization is perceived to have a significant role to play in society. In addition, the measures taken by the Indonesian Ulema Council are aimed at preserving health and preventing exposure to disease. It is important as it is part of preserving the central purpose of religion (al-Dharurat al-Khams).Keywords: Covid-19, Indonesian Ulema Council, Fatwa, Proactive, Anticipatory AbstrakUntuk menyikapi persebaran Covid-19 yang telah memasuki Republik Indonesia, Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) mengeluarkan Fatwa No 14 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Ibadah dalam Situasi Terjadi Wabah Covid-19. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai langkah proaktif dan antisipatif Lembaga MUI yang berperan sebagai pemberi fatwa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur khususnya pada Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa langkah yang dilakukan MUI dianggap tepat karena Lembaga ini dipandang memiliki peran penting di masyarakat. Selain, langkah yang diambil Majelis Ulama Indonesia merupakan upaya menjaga kesehatan dan menghindari dari paparan penyakit. Hal ini penting dilakukan karena merupakan bagian dari menjaga tujuan pokok beragama (al-Dharurat al-Khams).Kata Kunci : Covid-19, Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Fatwa, Proaktif, Antisipatif

An App for Comparing the Epidemic Impacts in Continents and Trends of the Confirmed Cases on COVID-19 using the Online Rasch Model: An Observational Study (Preprint)

BACKGROUND When a novel coronavirus (e.g., COVID-19) starts to spread, two of the most frequently asked questions are about (1) the overall trend of daily confirmed cases increasing or decreasing during the on-going outbreak epidemic and (2) the worst-hit continents for COVID-19 in the recent weeks. Finding the trend of the outbreak spread and the epidemic impacts on continents amid COVID-19 is continuously an urgent concern. OBJECTIVE This study aims to (1) inspect the epidemic trend over days, (2) develop an online algorithm to draw the epidemic impacts for COVID-19 among continents, and (3) design an app for a better understanding of the outbreak situation on Google Maps. METHODS We downloaded the COVID-19 outbreak numbers from Jun 24 to July 13, 2020, from Github that contains the number of confirmed cases in countries/regions. Three methods were used to compare differences in COVID-19-struck measures, including (1)the traditional summation score, (2) the Rasch logit score, and (3) the weighted score(i.e., adjusted by the estimated variance). Rasch model was applied to estimate the overall item (i.e., day) difficulties and the COVID-19-struck measures for all countries/areas. The epidemic trend was assessed by the correlation coefficient (CC) computed by the item difficulties over the observed days. An online algorithm based on the Rasch model was built for displaying the outbreak trend and the epidemic effects in comparison for continents using the forest tree plot and the analysis of variance(ANOVA). An app was developed to understand the daily epidemic trends on Google Maps. RESULTS The three methods used for comparing differences in COVID-19-struck measures were displayed somewhat different. A line chart was drawn online to present the trend measured by item(i.e., day) difficulties approaching stability with CC=-0.07. Differences in COVID-19-struck impacts were observed among continents using ANOVA(p<0.001= Chidist(160.31, 5)) and the forest tree plot. A dashboard was created to present the COVID-19 situation on Google Maps. CONCLUSIONS The three methods used for comparing differences in COVID-19-struck measures were displayed somewhat different. A line chart was drawn online to present the trend measured by item(i.e., day) difficulties approaching stability with CC=-0.07. Differences in COVID-19-struck impacts were observed among continents using ANOVA(p<0.001= Chidist(160.31, 5)) and the forest tree plot. A dashboard was created to present the COVID-19 situation on Google Maps. CLINICALTRIAL Nil