intermediate domain
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2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Tsybovsky ◽  
Valentin Sereda ◽  
Marcin Golczak ◽  
Natalia I. Krupenko ◽  
Sergey A. Krupenko

AbstractPutative tumor suppressor ALDH1L1, the product of natural fusion of three unrelated genes, regulates folate metabolism by catalyzing NADP+-dependent conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO2. Cryo-EM structures of tetrameric rat ALDH1L1 revealed the architecture and functional domain interactions of this complex enzyme. Highly mobile N-terminal domains, which remove formyl from 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, undergo multiple transient inter-domain interactions. The C-terminal aldehyde dehydrogenase domains, which convert formyl to CO2, form unusually large interfaces with the intermediate domains, homologs of acyl/peptidyl carrier proteins (A/PCPs), which transfer the formyl group between the catalytic domains. The 4′-phosphopantetheine arm of the intermediate domain is fully extended and reaches deep into the catalytic pocket of the C-terminal domain. Remarkably, the tetrameric state of ALDH1L1 is indispensable for catalysis because the intermediate domain transfers formyl between the catalytic domains of different protomers. These findings emphasize the versatility of A/PCPs in complex, highly dynamic enzymatic systems.


Author(s):  
Adriano Bonforti ◽  
Ricard Sole

Multicellular life forms have evolved many times in our planet, suggesting that this is a common evolutionary innovation. Multiple advantages have been proposed for multicellularity (MC) to emerge. In this paper we address the problem of how the first precondition for multicellularity, namely "stay together" might have occurred under spatially limited resources exploited by a population of unicellular agents. Using a minimal model of evolved cell-cell adhesion among growing and dividing cells that exploit a localised resource with a given size, we show that a transition occurs at a critical resource size separating a phase of evolved multicellular aggregates from a phase where unicellularity (UC) is favoured. The two phases are separated by an intermediate domain where where both UC and MC can be selected by evolution. This model provides a minimal approach to the early stages that were required to transition from Darwinian individuality to cohesive groups of cells associated with a physical cooperative effect: when resources are present only in a localised portion of the habitat, MC is a desirable property as it helps cells to keep close to the available local nutrients.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramanian Visweswaran

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to determine necessary and sufficient conditions in order that (D, K) to be an S-accr pair, where D is an integral domain and K is a field which contains D as a subring and S is a multiplicatively closed subset of D.Design/methodology/approachThe methods used are from the topic multiplicative ideal theory from commutative ring theory.FindingsLet S be a strongly multiplicatively closed subset of an integral domain D such that the ring of fractions of D with respect to S is not a field. Then it is shown that (D, K) is an S-accr pair if and only if K is algebraic over D and the integral closure of the ring of fractions of D with respect to S in K is a one-dimensional Prüfer domain. Let D, S, K be as above. If each intermediate domain between D and K satisfies S-strong accr*, then it is shown that K is algebraic over D and the integral closure of the ring of fractions of D with respect to S is a Dedekind domain; the separable degree of K over F is finite and K has finite exponent over F, where F is the quotient field of D.Originality/valueMotivated by the work of some researchers on S-accr, the concept of S-strong accr* is introduced and we determine some necessary conditions in order that (D, K) to be an S-strong accr* pair. This study helps us to understand the behaviour of the rings between D and K.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Bin Sun ◽  
Dehui Kong ◽  
Shaofan Wang ◽  
Lichun Wang ◽  
Baocai Yin

Multi-view human action recognition remains a challenging problem due to large view changes. In this article, we propose a transfer learning-based framework called transferable dictionary learning and view adaptation (TDVA) model for multi-view human action recognition. In the transferable dictionary learning phase, TDVA learns a set of view-specific transferable dictionaries enabling the same actions from different views to share the same sparse representations, which can transfer features of actions from different views to an intermediate domain. In the view adaptation phase, TDVA comprehensively analyzes global, local, and individual characteristics of samples, and jointly learns balanced distribution adaptation, locality preservation, and discrimination preservation, aiming at transferring sparse features of actions of different views from the intermediate domain to a common domain. In other words, TDVA progressively bridges the distribution gap among actions from various views by these two phases. Experimental results on IXMAS, ACT4 2 , and NUCLA action datasets demonstrate that TDVA outperforms state-of-the-art methods.


DNA Repair ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 103031
Author(s):  
Jun Takezawa ◽  
Anna Shimazaki ◽  
Hidemi Takimoto ◽  
Kagemasa Kajiwara ◽  
Kouichi Yamada
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1048-1053
Author(s):  
Shu Liao ◽  
Shu Liu ◽  
Ying Zhang

The essence of sepsis is the excessive immune response caused by infectious factors, which leads to the release of a large number of inflammatory factors and the injury of tissues and organs. Once the reaction is triggered, it will develop according to its own rules, and it does not depend on infection factors. The occurrence and severity of sepsis depend entirely on the reaction of the body. When pathogens invade the body, they rely on pattern recognition receptors to play a defensive role, TLR4 is the main switch of innate immunity. The current research shows that LPS can induce the up-regulation of TLR4 gene expression in monocytes, neutrophils and other immune cells. The upregulated TLR4, as a new receptor, mediates more cell activation and the release of inflammatory mediators. Under this positive feedback, the inflammatory response is constantly amplified, which eventually leads to the development of sepsis. In this study, TLR4 extracellular domain antigen was obtained by protein expression and purification, and anti-TLR4 C-terminal and intermediate domain nano-antibody was obtained by phage display antibody library preparation technology. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that anti-TLR4 nano-antibody can effectively reduce the release of inflammatory factors and improve the survival rate of animals, while the C-terminal and intermediate domain are closed at the same time, the effect is more obvious. The clinical treatment of sepsis provides new ideas and strategies.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Dinev Penchev

Any computer can create a model of reality. The hypothesis that quantum computer can generate such a model designated as quantum, which coincides with the modeled reality, is discussed. Its reasons are the theorems about the absence of “hidden variables” in quantum mechanics. The quantum modeling requires the axiom of choice. The following conclusions are deduced from the hypothesis. A quantum model unlike a classical model can coincide with reality. Reality can be interpreted as a quantum computer. The physical processes represent computations of the quantum computer. Quantum information is the real fundament of the world. The conception of quantum computer unifies physics and mathematics and thus the material and the ideal world. Quantum computer is a non-Turing machine in principle. Any quantum computing can be interpreted as an infinite classical computational process of a Turing machine. Quantum computer introduces the notion of “actually infinite computational process”. The discussed hypothesis is consistent with all quantum mechanics. The conclusions address a form of neo-Pythagoreanism: Unifying the mathematical and physical, quantum computer is situated in an intermediate domain of their mutual transformations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (07) ◽  
pp. 10655-10662
Author(s):  
Jongwon Choi ◽  
Youngjoon Choi ◽  
Jihoon Kim ◽  
Jinyeop Chang ◽  
Ilhwan Kwon ◽  
...  

We describe an unsupervised domain adaptation framework for images by a transform to an abstract intermediate domain and ensemble classifiers seeking a consensus. The intermediate domain can be thought as a latent domain where both the source and target domains can be transferred easily. The proposed framework aligns both domains to the intermediate domain, which greatly improves the adaptation performance when the source and target domains are notably dissimilar. In addition, we propose an ensemble model trained by confusing multiple classifiers and letting them make a consensus alternately to enhance the adaptation performance for ambiguous samples. To estimate the hidden intermediate domain and the unknown labels of the target domain simultaneously, we develop a training algorithm using a double-structured architecture. We validate the proposed framework in hard adaptation scenarios with real-world datasets from simple synthetic domains to complex real-world domains. The proposed algorithm outperforms the previous state-of-the-art algorithms on various environments.


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