PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN PENYAKIT HIV/AIDS DARI IBU KE ANAK DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 MENUJU THREE ZERO 2030 DI DESA TELAGAWARU LOMBOK BARAT

ABSTRAKMengingat terjadinya peningkatan jumlah kejadian HIV/AIDS di Indonesia setiap tahunnya terdapat 9000 hamil HIV positif yang melahirkan diIndonesia. Sehingga diperhitungkan jika tidak ada intervensi maka akan ada 3000 bayi yang dilahirkan dengan HIV positif setiap tahunnya di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya intervensi yang baik untuk menurunkan resiko penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak sebesar 25%-45%. Tujuan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerimaan wanita atau ibu-ibu didesa telagawaru terhadap pelaksanaan PPIA saat ANC serta mengetahui seberapa besar pengetahuan yang dimiliki ibu-ibu tersebut tentang HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke anak. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini terdapat 3 tahapan yaitu pretest, pemberian materi dan video serta posttest. Berdasarkan hasil pretest didapatkan pengetahuan ibu dalam kategori cukup (45,4%), setelah pemberian materi, posttest didapatkan pengetahuan ibu meningkat dalam kategori baik (89%). Pengetahuan yang dimiliki peserta dalam pengabdian ini sama seperti yang telah dikemukakan didalam teori yaitu pengetahuan dimana seseorang menjadi tahu terhadap suatu objek seperti halnya ibu yang telah mendapatkan informasi terbaru mengenai pencegahan penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak, sehingga peningkatan terhadap pengetahuanpun bertambah. Kata kunci: pencegahan HIV/AIDS; penularan HIV/AIDS; ibu hamil; janin. ABSTRACTDue to the increasing number of HIV/AIDS cases in Indonesia, every year there are 9000 HIV positive pregnant women born in Indonesia. Therefore, it is considered that if there is no intervention then there will be 3000 babies born with HIV positive every year in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to have a good intervention to reduce HIV transmission from mother to child by 25%-45%. The purpose of this community service is to find out how the acceptance of women or mothers in the Telagawaru village towards the implementation of PPIA during ANC and to find out how much knowledge these mothers have about HIV/AIDS from mother to child. The method used in this service consists of 3 stages, namely pretest, giving materials and videos and posttest. Based on the results of the pretest, the mother's knowledge was in the sufficient category (45.4%), after giving the material, the posttest showed that the mother's knowledge increased in the good category (89%). The knowledge possessed by participants in this service is the same as what has been stated in theory, namely where a person's knowledge becomes aware of an object as well as mothers who have received the latest information about preventing HIV transmission from mother to child, so that the increase in knowledge increases. Keywords: prevention of HIV/AIDS; transmission of HIV/AIDS; pregnant women; fetus.

Demonstrasi Latihan Pernapasan Diafragma Sebagai Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 di Wilayah Kecamatan Kota Barat Kota Gorontalo

ABSTRAK Program Kemitraan Wilayah (PKW) merupakan program pengabdian masyarakat yang dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya permasalahan kesehatan dalam suatu wilayah tertentu. Kecamatan Kota Barat memiliki beberapa permasalahan kesehatan yang didapatkan dari Wilayah Kecamatan Kota Barat yaitu distribusi penyakit Asma yang fluktuatif pada Tahun 2017-2019 sebanyak 1477 kasus. Latihan pernapasan merupakan alternatif untuk memperoleh kesehatan yang diharapkan bisa mengefektifkan semua organ dalam tubuh secara optimal dengan olah napas dan olah fisik secara teratur. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya penularan COVID-19 pada keluarga dengan riwayat asma di Wilayah Kecamatan Kota Barat Kota Gorontalo. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada bulan April – Oktober 2020. Kegiatan dimulai dengan melakukan penyuluhan dan demonstrasi latihan pernapasan diafragma, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran nilai Arus Puncak Ekspirasi (APE) pada setiap peserta sebelum dan sesudah latihan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan ini berhasil sesuai dengan indikator keberhasilan yang ditetapkan yaitu sebanyak 50 peserta dari masyarakat Kecamatan Kota Barat yang mengikuti dengan antusias, peningkatan pengetahuan serta peningkatan nilai APE. Kata Kunci: pencegahan Covid-19, napas diafragma, asma, arus puncak respirasi ABSTRACT The Regional Partnership Program is a community service program that is motivated by the existence of health problems in a certain area. Kota Barat Subdistrict has several health problems obtained from the West City District Area, namely the fluctuating distribution of asthma in 2017-2019 as many as 1477 cases. Breathing exercises are an alternative to obtain health which is expected to make all organs in the body optimally effective with regular breathing and physical exercise. This program aims to prevent transmission of COVID-19 in families with a history of asthma in the Kota Barat District of Gorontalo City. This activity was carried out from April - October 2020. The activity began with conducting counseling and demonstration of diaphragmatic breathing exercises, then measuring the value of Peak Expiratory Flow for each participant before and after the exercise. The results showed that this activity was successful in accordance with the established success indicators, 50 participants from the West Kota Subdistrict community who followed enthusiastically, increased knowledge and increased the value of APE. Keywords: prevention of Covid-19, diaphragmatic breathing, asthma, peak flow of respiration

Upaya Pencegahan Penularan Dan Penyebaran Virus Corona (Covid-19) Di Lingkungan Suradadi Timur Karang Baru Kota Mataram

ABSTRAK Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2 yang merupakan bagian dari tipe virus Corona. Penyebaran dan penularan Covid-19 terjadi dengan cepat pada manusia baik melalui kontak secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Sejak ditetapkan sebagai pandemi angka kejadian Covid-19 terus mengalami peningkatan. Data Satuan Tugas Percepatan Penanganan Covid-19 Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat pada tanggal 13 April 2020 menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kasus terkonfirmasi positif Covid-19 di Kota Mataram sebanyak 18 kasus (48,6%). Upaya untuk mencegah penularan dan penyebaran Covid-19 diantaranya adalah dengan penggunaan masker oleh semua orang ketika berada di luar rumah dan cuci tangan memakai sabun. Tujuan pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah mendukung upaya pemerintah dalam rangka memutus rantai penularan Covid-19 melalui penyediakan sarana cuci tangan. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal bulan April 2020 di wilayah RT 01 Lingkungan Suradadi Timur, Kelurahan Karang Baru, Kecamatan Selaparang, Kota Mataram. Hasil pengabdian berupa tersedianya sarana cuci tangan yang dapat dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai upaya meminimalisir penyebaran dan penularan Covid-19. , serta mendorong terciptanya perilaku hidup sehat melalui kebiasaan untuk cuci tangan. Dengan tersedianya sarana cuci tangan ini dapat menjadi upaya promotif serta mendorong terciptanya perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di masyarakat dimulai dengan kebiasaan mencuci tangan memakai sabun dengan air yang mengalir dalam rangka mencegah penyebaran Covid-19 Kata Kunci: Pencegahan, Penularan, Penyebarab, Virus Corona ABSTRACT Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The spread and transmission of Covid-19 occur rapidly in humans, either through direct or indirect contact. Since it was declared a pandemic, the number of Covid-19 incidents has continued to increase. Data from the Task Force for the Acceleration of Handling Covid-19 in West Nusa Tenggara Province on April 13, 2020, shows that the number of confirmed positive cases of Covid-19 in Mataram City was 18 cases (48.6%). Efforts to prevent the transmission and spread of Covid-19 include the use of masks by everyone when they are outside the home and wash their hands with soap. The purpose of implementing this activity is to support the government's efforts to break the chain of Covid-19 transmission by providing handwashing facilities. This activity was carried out on April 2020 in the RT 01 Suradadi Timur, Karang Baru Village, Selaparang District, Mataram City. The result of this service is the availability of handwashing facilities that can be used by the community as an effort to minimize the spread and transmission of Covid-19. , as well as encouraging the creation of a healthy lifestyle through the habit of washing hands. The availability of this means of washing hands can be a promotional effort and encourage the creation of a clean and healthy lifestyle in the community, starting with the habit of washing hands with soap with running water in order to prevent the spread of Covid-19. Keywords: Prevention, Transmission, Spead, Coronavirus

Perlindungan Masyarakat Pidie Dari Covid-19 Melalui Pemakaian Masker

ABSTRAK Virus corona (COVID-19) dapat menyebar melalui percakapan dan pernapasan normal dengan orang yang terpapar. Salah satu cara untuk mencegah terjadinya penularan COVID-19 adalah melalui pemakaian masker. Hal ini sejalan dengan imbauan Pemerintah untuk menerapkan protokol kesehatan pencegahan COVID-19, salah satunya melalui pemakaian masker kain untuk masyarakat umum. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat Pidie untuk menggunakan masker kain ketika melakukan aktivitas di luar rumah sebagai pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19 serta memberikan penjelasan mengenai cara menggunakan masker kain yang benar di saat melakukan aktivitas di luar rumah selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Kegiatan ini berlangsung pada tanggal 22 April 2020 di Simpang 4 Kota Sigli dengan cara membagikan masker kain kepada masyarakat Pidie yang beraktivitas di luar rumah disertai dengan sosialisasi tentang cara pemakaian masker kain yang benar. Antusias masyarakat Pidie dalam menerima edukasi dan pembagian masker kain terlihat selama kegiatan ini. Diharapkan kesadaran masyarakat Pidie untuk selalu menggunakan masker kain ketika beraktivitas di luar rumah semakin meningkat sehingga dapat menurunnya resiko penyebaran COVID-19 di lingkungan masyarakat Pidie yang harus tetap beraktivitas di luar rumah. Kata Kunci : Pencegahan, COVID-19, Pemakaian Masker, Masyarakat Pidie ABSTRACT The coronavirus (COVID-19) can be spread through interacting and normal breathing with exposed people. One of the ways to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 is through wearing masks. This is in line with the government's appeal to implement health protocols for the prevention of COVID-19, one of which is through wearing cloth masks for the general public. The aim of this community service is to increase the awareness of the Pidie community to use cloth masks when carrying out activities outside the home as a prevention of the spread of COVID-19 and to provide an explanation of how to use the correct cloth masks when doing activities outside the home during the COVID-19 pandemic. This activity took place on April 22, 2020, at Simpang 4, Sigli City by distributing cloth masks to Pidie people who had activities outside the home accompanied by socialization on how to use cloth masks correctly. The enthusiasm of the Pidie community in receiving education and distributing cloth masks was seen during this activity. It is hoped that the awareness of the Pidie community to always use cloth masks when doing activities outside the home will increase so that it can reduce the risk of spreading COVID-19 in the Pidie community who have to continue their activities outside the home. Keywords: Prevention, COVID-19, Use of Masks, Pidie Society

Occupational Health and Safety for Nurses: Literature Review

Introduction: The prevention of occupational accidents in the sphere of occupational health and safety is an important issue in the Italian work setting; health workers, and especially nurses, are continually exposed to the risk of work-related accidents, which can affect the quality of care provided. Aim: The aim of this review is to investigate the nurse's perceived level of preparedness with regard to occupational safety. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted using some of the main databases such as PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane. Results: The studies analysed show that Italian nurses have little knowledge about occupational health and safety legislation. Conclusions: Establishing specific postgraduate training events and identifying specific legislation for healthcare personnel could represent essential steps towards implementing this specific knowledge. Keywords: Prevention; Training; Nurses; Healthcare workers

Prevention of Tuberculosis: Literature Review

This study is a literature review on the control and prevention of Tuberculosis, involving both medical treatment and community behaviour. The journal search produced six journal articles from 2018-2020that match the inclusion criteria. Based on the articles that have been reviewed, the data shows that there are several preventive methods that can reduce the incidence of tuberculosis, including increasing clean living habits by practicing the correct ethics of coughing and sneezing, using masks, and opening windows every morning so that ventilation and sunlight can enter into the room. Keywords: prevention, transmission, tuberculosis

Suicide Prevention: Literature Review

ABSTRACT Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Suicide is an intentional act to end life. Pharmacological, psychological, health education, family support and the media are proposed as effective measures to treat depression and suicide. However, these guidelines do not have sufficient evidence to prevent suicide so this is a challenge for the world of health, especially nursing. The aim of this review is to report the results of studies that focus on interventions undertaken for suicide prevention. The search method for relevant articles uses the database PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar using the keywords suicide prevention, suicide intervention, and suicide therapy. Nine articles were included in the literature review, covering various types of suicide intervention, frequency of intervention, and effects of intervention. This literature review identifies eight types of interventions that can be done to prevent suicide, namely ACT, CBT, SAFETY, SOS, ASSIP. The conclusion is that ACT, CBT, SAFETY, SOS, ASSIP interventions can be done to prevent suicide, by increasing knowledge, education, skills regarding suicide and awareness related to suicide and family participation are the main points of interventions that must be carried out to prevent suicide . Keywords: Prevention of suicide, suicide intervention, suicide therapy

PREVENTION SAFE DRIVING A VEHICLE

Основной целью психопрофилактики является сохранение психического здоровья, душевного равновесия чело- века. Предупреждение дорожно-транспортных происшествий и снижение числа смертей на дорогах заключается в повышении зна- чимости первичной и вторичной психопрофилактики в структуре медицинского обеспечения безопасности дорожного движения; гармонизации межведомственного взаимодействия с целью предотвращения чрезвычайных ситуаций на транспорте и дорожно- транспортных происшествий; раннем выявлении и профилактике психических заболеваний. The cardinal object of psychoprophylaxis is to preserve the mental health and mental balance of a person. Prevention of road accidents and reducing the number of deaths on the roads is to increase the importance of primary and secondary psychoprophylaxis in the structure of medical road safety; harmonization of interagency interaction to prevent transport emergencies and road accidents; early detection and prevention of mental diseases. Keywords: prevention, interagency cooperation, security,vehicle management

La orientación familiar en la prevención del consumo de alcohol en los adolescentes en la Unidad Educativa Alejo Lascano de Jipijapa

El consumo de bebidas alcohólicas por parte de los adolescentes y jóvenes ha sido una problemática muy analizada en los últimos años. Su consumo se encuentra asociado a diversos factores de riesgos que inciden en el contexto social donde se desarrolla el individuo al convertirse en un hábito no saludable para la salud hasta llegar al alcoholismo lo que ha traído como consecuencia las afectaciones en las relaciones de convivencia social y familiar. La utilización de bebidas alcohólicas es más común en la población masculina que en la femenina y se comienzan su consumo desde aproximadamente los doce años de edad. De ahí que el trabajo que se presente tenga como objetivo analizar los factores de riesgos y las conductas de riesgos que están asociadas a dicho consumo en los estudiantes del bachillerato, así como la necesidad de una formación de la percepción del riesgo que contribuya a la asunción de estilos de vidas saludables y a la prevención del alcoholismo enfatizando en el papel del docente como orientador en el proceso de Educación para la Salud. Para ello se utilizó la búsqueda de información en diferentes fuentes bibliográficas y se propone una alternativa para la prevención del consumo de bebidas alcohólicas donde se enfatizan en las relaciones de convivencia que debe ser desarrollado por los docentes con los estudiantes, la familia y la comunidad. PALABRAS CLAVE: Prevención; alcohol; drogas; adicción; familia; docentes; convivencia. THE FAMILY GUIDANCE IN THE PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN ADOLESCENTS IN THE EDUCATIONAL UNIT ALEJO LASCANO FROM JIPIJAPA ABSTRACT The consumption of alcoholic beverages by adolescents and young people has been a highly analyzed problem in recent years. Its consumption is associated with various risk factors that affect the social context where the individual develops by becoming an unhealthy habit for health until reaching alcoholism, which has resulted in the effects on the relationships of social coexistence and family. The use of alcoholic beverages is more common in the male population than in the female population and their consumption begins from approximately twelve years of age. Hence, the objective of the work that is presented is to analyze the risk factors and risk behaviors that are associated with such consumption in high school students, as well as the need for training in the perception of risk that contributes to the assumption healthy lifestyles and the prevention of alcoholism, emphasizing the role of the teacher as a guide in the Health Education process. For this, the search for information in different bibliographic sources was used and an alternative is proposed for the prevention of the consumption of alcoholic beverages where they emphasize the relationships of coexistence that must be developed by the teachers with the students, the family and the community. KEYWORDS: Prevention; alcohol; drugs; addiction; family; teachers; coexistence.

Prevention of Criminal Behavior of Minors Who are Sentenced to Punishment without Isolation from Society

The author analyzes the preventive measures that are applied to minors sentenced to punishments without isolation from society, shows their importance in achieving the goals of correcting convicted persons and preventing the commission of new crimes. The preventive part of the activity of specialized courts for minors is considered. The forms and methods of preventive work carried out by criminal executive inspectorates with minors sentenced to punishments not related to imprisonment are investigated, each of the measures is checked for compliance with international standards for the prevention of general crime and the prevention of juvenile delinquency. Conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of each of the measures, the feasibility of their application in practice on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of these measures. It is argued that the effectiveness of these measures is determined through the inclusion of preventive measures in the system, because all these measures should always be applied in an integrated manner. Special attention is paid to the practice of juvenile courts in the Russian Federation. In these courts, judges are specially trained to work with minors and are well aware of the peculiarities of their behavior, including unlawful behavior, and administer justice. It is noted that the activities of juvenile courts have a positive effect on the organization of preventive work in this area. It is argued that the system of measures of criminal law and penal enforcement should not be perceived as the main one, because preventive work should be carried out with such minors who have not committed a crime, as well as with those adolescents who have already served their sentences. Keywords: prevention, juvenile convicts, punishment without isolation from society, juvenile justice.