Review on Carbon Capture in ICE Driven Transport

The transport sector powered by internal combustion engines (ICE) requires novel approaches to achieve near-zero CO2 emissions. In this direction, using CO2 capture and storage (CCS) systems onboard could be a good option. However, CO2 capture in mobile sources is currently challenging due to the operational and space requirements to install a CCS system onboard. This paper presents a systematic review of the CO2 capture in ICE driven transport to know the methods, techniques, and results of the different studies published so far. Subsequently, a case study of a CCS system working in an ICE is presented, where the energy and space needs are evaluated. The review reveals that the most suitable technique for CO2 capture is temperature swing adsorption (TSA). Moreover, the sorbents with better properties for this task are PPN-6-CH2-DETA and MOF-74-Mg. Finally, it shows that it is necessary to supply the energy demand of the CCS system and the option is to take advantage of the waste heat in the flue gas. The case study shows that it is possible to have a carbon capture rate above 68% without affecting engine performance. It was also found that the total volume required by the CCS system and fuel tank is 3.75 times smaller than buses operating with hydrogen fuel cells. According to the review and the case study, it is possible to run a CCS system in the maritime sector and road freight transport.

Kinetics and Thermodynamic Modeling for CO2 Capture Using NiO Supported Activated Carbon by Temperature Swing Adsorption

Solid sorbent from functionalized activated carbon (AC) could enhance the adsorption capacity in CO2 capture. This study emphasizes cyclic CO2 capture using NiO functionalized AC. Different loadings of NiO impregnated on AC were synthesized. This work showed that the most efficient adsorbent of 0.05NiO/AC exhibits an adsorption capacity of 55.464 mg/g at the adsorption temperature of 30 °C by using the temperature swing adsorption method. A slight loss of adsorption capacity at 0.28 % for a five cycles CO2 capture indicated consistency potential for large scales application. The adsorbent exhibited a slightly lower surface area compared to AC, but the presence of NiO improved the adsorption capacity by chemisorption phenomena. The NiO acts as the basic site for CO2 capture. Meanwhile, AC as support could increase the surface area of active sites and reduce the sintering effect of the NiO. It was found that various adsorption temperatures had a good correlation with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The magnitude of the sorption process was evaluated by the activation energy of 48.09 kJ/mol, which implies a chemisorption process at various adsorption temperatures. Thermodynamic studies explained the CO2 adsorption process for this study was found to be a spontaneous and endothermic process.