Usages de poudres à base de rhizomes de Cochlospermum tinctorium Perrier ex A.Rich au Bénin : fréquence, formes et indications

Cochlospermum tinctorium est une plante médicinale utilisée dans plusieurs pays pour le traitement de l’hépatite. Au Bénin, différentes poudres à base de ses rhizomes sont vendues dans les marchés et utilisées par les tradithérapeutes pour plusieurs usages. L’objectif de cette étude était de répertorier les différentes formes et les divers usages des recettes à base de Cochlospermum tinctorium utilisées au Bénin. Dans ce sens, une enquête ethnomédicinale a été menée auprès de 434 usagers des marchés et 40 tradithérapeutes du Sud et du Nord Bénin suivant la méthode par interview semi-structurée. Les données obtenues ont montré que les recettes à base de C. tinctorium sont plus connues et utilisées au Nord-Bénin. Ces recettes se présentent sous trois formes (A, B et C). Leurs usages sont alimentaires (41%) et médicinales (59%). La forme A est très utilisée (93,91%) par la population enquêtée pour les besoins nutritionnels et thérapeutiques alors que les formes B et C ont, essentiellement, un usage médicinal. Cette étude a permis de comprendre la diversité de recettes associées au terme "poudre jaune" au Bénin. Il est dès lors nécessaire d’évaluer la toxicité et l’efficacité de ces différentes formes d’usage de la poudre de rhizome de C. tinctorium. English title: Uses of rhizome-based powder of Cochlospermum tinctorium Perrier ex A.Rich in Benin: frequency, forms and indications Cochlospermum tinctorium Perrier is a medicinal plant used in several countries for the treatment of hepatitis. In Benin, different powders made from its rhizomes are sold in markets and used by traditional healers for several purposes. The objective of this study was to list the different forms and uses of Cochlospermum tinctorium-based recipes used in Benin. An ethnomedicinal survey was conducted among 434 market users and 40 traditional healers from Southern and Northern Benin using the semi-structured interview method. The data obtained showed that the recipes based on C. tinctorium are more known and used in North Benin. These recipes come in three forms (A, B and C). Their uses are food (41%) and medicinal (59%). Form A is widely used (93.91%) by the population surveyed for nutritional and therapeutic needs while forms B and C have, essentially, a medicinal use. This study has allowed us to understand the diversity of recipes associated with the term "yellow powder" in Benin. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the toxicity and effectiveness of these different forms of use of C. tinctorium rhizome powder.

Obtaining Cellulose With High Reaction Activity On The Basis Of Local Raw Materials

The product is a white or yellow powder in appearance, odorless or tasteless. The substance has high thermal and salt resistance, does not contain toxins. If the reagent is introduced into the aqueous phase of the solution, it acts as a thickener and helps to reduce the filtration rate. The moisture content of the substance is less than 10 percent. The material complies with international standards for this substance.

Bridging the Gaps: Bole and Terra Sigillata as Artefacts, as Simples and as Antibacterial Clays

Medicinal earths are an important and yet, so far, little scientifically explored archaeological resource. They are almost always identified by their source locality. Our work over the last few years has focused on their chemical and mineralogical characterization and their testing as anti-bacterials. This paper presents the results of the mineralogical analysis and antibacterial testing of six medicinal earths, bole or Terra Sigillata (stamped earth) of unknown date and provenance in the Pharmacy Museum of the University of Basel. Only one of them, a red (Armenian?) ‘bole’, was found to be antibacterial against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A yellow powder of Terra Tripolitania was mildly antibacterial and against one pathogen only. We argue that medicinal earths are in a pivotal place to bridge the gap between currently dispersed pieces of information. This information relates to: (a) their nature, attributes, and applications as described in the texts of different periods, (b) the source of their clays and how best to locate them in the field today, and (c) the methods employed for their beneficiation, if known. We propose that work should be focused primarily onto those medicinal earths whose clay sources can be re-discovered, sampled and assessed. From then on, a parallel investigation should be initiated involving both earths and their natural clays (mineralogy at bulk and nano-sized levels, bio-geochemistry, microbiological testing). We argue that the combined study can shed light into the parameters driving antibacterial action in clays and assist in the elucidation of the mechanisms involved.

Vzácný allanpringit - produkt alterace fluorwavellitu z lomu Milina u Zaječova (Česká republika)

A very rare phosphate allanpringite was found in the abandoned quarry Milina near Zaječov, Czech Republic in Ordovician sediments of the Barrandian area. Allanpringite forms yellow powder and earthy aggregates. In a more detailed study using SEM microscope, allanpringite forms rod-shaped and tabular crystals. Its origin is associated with alteration of fluorwavellite. Empirical formula of the allanprigite is (Fe2.70Al0.24)Σ2.94(PO4)2.00(OH)2.83·5H2O and refined unit-cell parameters are a 9.774(5), b 7.361(3), c 17.826(8) Å, β 92.2(6)° and V 1281.5(9) Å3. Allanpringite was found in association with jarosite, variscite and partly altered fluorwavellite.

Lectotype, epitype and amendment of Gastrodia angusta (Orchidaceae)

Gastrodia angusta S. Chow et S. C. Chen was established in 1983 from Shiping County, Yunnan Province, China. However, the specimens cited were erroneous: 3 type and 1 isotype were apparently collected on two different days and in different places. Moreover, the description omitted some key characters, including outer surface of sepals lobes with mid-vine convex and with 3–5 dens, margins sometimes irregular erose, lip triangular-oblong, epichile margins undulate and irregular erose, apex rounded and sometime irregular erose, disc with a longitudinal yellow, rugose, 2 mm wide belt, margins of mesochile retrousse and folded, forming two upright, semi-orbicular lamella on hypochile, lamellae inside densely with orange-yellow powder particles (pseudo-pollen). We have therefore designated a lectotype and epitype, and provide a revised description.

KARAKTERISASI FALOVONOID DARI DAUN BUNGO PERAK-PERAK (Begonia versicolar. Irmsch)

ABSTRACT This research was conducted to isolate the compounds from Begonia versicolar Irmsch plants. Flavonoid compounds that produced from Begonia versicolar Irmsch is flavonol were isolated and purified by using silica gel and sephadex LH-20 and the melting point was observed. Characterization of isolated compounds was carried out by using the UV and IR spectroscopy. The purification results were yellow powder. The melting point is 195-197oC; and the wave length maximum are λmax of (MeOH) = 257nm, 357 nm. Keywords; Flavonol, Begonia versicolar Irmsch., melting point, UV and IR spectroscopy ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengisolasi senyawa dari tanaman Begonia versicolor Irmsch. Senyawa flavonoid yang dihasilkan dari Begonia versicolar Irmsch adalah flavonol yang diisolasi dan dimurnikan dengan menggunakan silica gel dan sephadex LF-20 dan diamati titik lelehnya. Karakterisasi senyawa yang telah diisolasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektroskopi UV dan IR. Hasil purifikasinya adalah serbuk kuning. Titik lelehnya 195-197oC dan panjang gelombang maksimum, λmax dalam MeOH = 257 nm , 357 nm. Kata kunci; Flavonol, Begonia versicolar Irmsch., titik leleh, Spektroskopi UV dan IR

Fungi in Fox Spots of a Drawing by Leon Wyczółkowski

Many authors dealing with the phenomenon of foxing on paper point out its microbiological origin, but in fact, foxing-causing fungi can rarely be cultured. Leon Wyczółkowski’s drawing “The Market in Gniew” is an exception in this respect: its paper carrier shows foxing as well as numerous hyphae and cleistothecia, visible to the naked eye either as a white and fluffy coating or as a light yellow powder. Our aim was to investigate their role in the formation of foxing. Microscopic observations revealed uncountable amounts of lenticular spores and spherical asci. Incubation of the yellowish powder on microbiological media enabled the isolation of five strains:

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Yellow Titania

Titania powder was prepared by a sol-gel method and heat-treatment (HT). The morphology and structure of the titania powder were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of powder was investigated using methyl orange as target compound. Colour changing of powder was due to colour centers form. Under visible light, yellow powder showed the better photocatalytic activity than P25 powder and its visible light response was expanded. Preparation of yellow powder lowered conventional calcinations temperature obviously.