zoonotic bacteria
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xenia Vázquez ◽  
Vanesa García ◽  
Javier Fernández ◽  
Margarita Bances ◽  
María de Toro ◽  
...  

Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic in fighting severe infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram negative pathogens in hospitals. Zoonotic bacteria acquire colistin resistance in animal reservoirs and mediate its spread along the food chain. This is the case of non-typhoid serovars of Salmonella enterica. Colistin-resistant S. enterica in foods represents a threat to human health. Here, we assessed the prevalence of colistin-resistance in food-borne isolates of S. enterica (2014–2019; Asturias, Spain), and established the genetic basis and transferability of this resistance. Five out of 231 isolates tested (2.2%) were resistant to colistin. Four of them, belonging to the European monophasic ST34 clone of S. Typhimurium, were characterized in the present study. They were collected from pork or pork and beef meat-derived products, either in 2015 (three isolates) or 2019 (one isolate). Molecular typing with XbaI-PFGE and plasmid profiling revealed distinct patterns for each isolate, even though two of the 2015 isolates derived from the same sample. The MICs of colistin ranged from 8 to 16 mg/L. All isolates carried the mcr-1.1 gene located on conjugative plasmids of the incompatibility groups IncX4 (2015 isolates) or IncHI2 (2019 isolate). Apart from colistin resistance, the four isolates carried chromosomal genes conferring resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides and tetracycline [blaTEM–1, strA-strB, sul2, and tet(B)] and heavy metals, including copper and silver (silESRCFBAGP and pcoGE1ABCDRSE2), arsenic (arsRSD2A2BCA1D1) ± mercury (merEDACPTR), which are characteristically associated with the European ST34 monophasic clone. The 2019 isolate was also resistant to other antibiotics, comprising third generation cephalosporins and cephamycins. The latter phenotype was conferred by the blaCMY–2 gene located on an IncI1-I(α)-ST2 plasmid. Results in the present study identified meat-derived products as a reservoir of a highly successful clone harboring transferable plasmids which confer resistance to colistin and other clinically important antibiotics. An important reduction in the number of food-borne S. enterica detected during the period of the study, together with the low frequency of colistin resistance, underlines the success of One Health initiatives, such as those implemented at the UE, to control zoonotic bacteria along the food chain and to halt the spread of antimicrobial resistance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2588
Author(s):  
Phirabhat Saengsawang ◽  
Serge Morand ◽  
Marc Desquesnes ◽  
Sarawut Yangtara ◽  
Tawin Inpankaew

Bartonella spp. are Gram-negative zoonotic bacteria transmitted to humans via various blood-sucking arthropods. Rodents have been identified as reservoir hosts of several zoonotic pathogens, including Bartonella spp. In Thailand, studies of Bartonella spp. in rodents from urban areas are limited; thus, a study in this area is necessary. The objectives of this study were to detect Bartonella spp. in rodents in Thailand and to compare the species’ distribution across different areas. In total, 70 blood samples from rodents in urban and suburban areas were tested for Bartonella spp. using a conventional polymerase chain reaction that targeted the citrate synthase (gltA) gene. All Bartonella-positive sequences were analyzed using polymorphism in order to build a phylogenetic tree. Approximately 38% of the rodents studied contained Bartonella DNA. Both Rattus exulans (Pacific rat) and R. tanezumi (Asian house rat) contained Bartonella spp. Four species of Bartonella were detected in blood samples: B. tribocorum, B. phoceensis, B. grahamii, and B. rattimassiliensis. In addition, eight Pacific rats contained the B. kosoyi–B. tribocorum complex. Bartonella phoceensis and B. tribocorum–B. kosoyi complexes were found in a specific habitat (p < 0.05). Interestingly, only seven haplotypes were identified in the sequences analyzed, and only haplotype A was found in both rodent species. Finally, a monitoring program for zoonotic Bartonella infection, especially the B. kosoyi–B. tribocorum complex, B. phoceensis, B. grahamii, and B. rattimassiliensis should be established, especially in high-risk areas.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7451
Author(s):  
Jae-Woong Lim ◽  
Yang Hee Jo ◽  
Ji-Seok Choi ◽  
Mi Kyeong Lee ◽  
Ki Yong Lee ◽  
...  

Streptococcus zoonotic bacteria cause serious problems in aquaculture with clinical effects on humans. A structure-antibacterial activity relationships analysis of 22 isoflavones isolated from M. tricuspidata (leaves, ripe fruits, and unripe fruits) against S. iniae revealed that prenylation of the isoflavone skeleton was an important key for their antibacterial activities (minimum inhibitory concentrations: 1.95–500 μg/mL). Through principal component analysis, characteristic prenylated isoflavones such as 6,8-diprenlygenistein (4) were identified as pivotal compounds that largely determine each part’s antibacterial activities. M. tiricuspidata ripe fruits (MTF), which showed the highest antibacterial activity among the parts tested, were optimized for high antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity on fathead minnow cells using Box–Behnken design. Optimized extraction conditions were deduced to be 50%/80 °C/7.5 h for ethanol concentration/extraction temperature/time, and OE-MTF showed contents of 6,8-diprenlygenistein (4), 2.09% with a MIC of 40 µg/mL. These results suggest that OE-MTF and its active isoflavones have promising potential as eco-friendly antibacterial agents against streptococcosis in aquaculture.


Author(s):  
Karolina Jeżak ◽  
Anna Kozajda

AbstractIntensive animal farming emits to the environment very high concentrations of bioaerosol, mainly composed of microorganisms, including antibiotics resistant strains, and their derivatives. Poland is a significant producer of poultry and swine in Europe; Ukraine is located in the immediate vicinity of Poland and the EU. Thus, the review focuses on the presence of potentially pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant zoonotic bacteria and antimicrobial genes in the environment of farms and food of animal origin in Poland and Ukraine. Existing data confirms presence of these bacteria in the food animal origin chain environment in both countries. However, it is difficult to compare the scale of multidrug-resistant bacteria (e.g. MRSA, ESBL) dissemination in Poland and Ukraine with other EU countries due to lack of more extensive studies and large-scale monitoring in these two countries. A series of studies concerning resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from livestock environment have been published in Poland but usually on single farms with a very limited number of samples, and without a genotypic drug resistance marking. From Ukraine are available only few reports, but also disturbing. The risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria transmission does not only concern animal farming, but also other facilities of animal origin food supply chains, especially slaughterhouses.


Author(s):  
Luca Freddi ◽  
Vitomir Djokic ◽  
Fathia Petot-Bottin ◽  
Guillaume Girault ◽  
Ludivine Perrot ◽  
...  

In order to protect public and veterinary health from highly zoonotic bacteria such as members of the genus Brucella and prevent their dissemination into the environment, direct diagnostics are of utmost importance. However, in addition to the highly specific diagnostic tests, the sampling methods, time necessary for specimens to reach the laboratories, and transport conditions are important factors to consider in order to increase the sensitivity of performed tests, especially bacterial culturing and qPCR.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Idland ◽  
Erik G. Granquist ◽  
Marina Aspholm ◽  
Toril Lindbäck

Abstract Aims: This study explores how different dairy farm operating systems influence the occurrence of zoonotic bacteria in raw milk. Methods and Results: Samples from bulk tank milk, milk filters, feces, feed, teats and teat milk were collected from eleven farms with loose housing and seven with tie-stall housing every second month over a period of 11 months and analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter spp., L. monocytogenes and STEC. Campylobacter spp., L. monocytogenes and STEC were abundant in samples from the farm environment and were also detected in 4%, 13% and 7% of the milk filters, respectively, and in 3%, 0% and 1% of bulk tank milk samples. Four STEC isolates carried the eae gene, which is linked to the capacity to cause more severe human disease. Conclusion: The results indicate a higher prevalence of L. monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp. in samples collected from loose housed herds compared to tie-stalled herds suggesting that the operating system can influence the food safety of raw milk. Significance and Impact of the study: This study highlights that zoonotic bacteria can be present in raw milk independent of hygienic conditions at the farm and what hosing system is used. Altogether, this study provides an important knowledge base for evaluating the risk of drinking unpasteurized milk.


2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 3259-3272
Author(s):  
Arthur Roberto da Costa ◽  
◽  
Roberta Torres Chideroli ◽  
Larissa Melo Chicoski ◽  
Diego Candido de Abreu ◽  
...  

Aquaculture is one of the sectors of animal husbandry with the fastest growth rate. However, the increase in the sector’s production chain without proper management can result in factors that favor the development of diseases, especially infectious diseases caused by bacteria. Many factors, such as agriculture or industry resides, improper use of antibiotics in animals or humans, have contributed to increased environmental pressure and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, while residues from these drugs can remain in the carcasses and in water a risk to public and environmental health. From that, we identified the bacterial genus/species and their bacterial resistance to antibiotics from samples received from fish disease outbreaks for bacteriosis diagnosis between January 2017 and October 2020. Isolated bacteria were subjected to the Kirby and Bauer sensitivity test for five classes of antibiotics (penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, amphenicols, and tetracyclines). Of the 181 analyzed outbreaks, 232 bacteria were isolated, including Streptococcus spp., Aeromonas spp., Edwardsiella spp., Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Chromobacterium violaceum, Flavobacterium spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Vibrio spp., Enterobacter spp., Chryseobacterium meningosepticum. Of the 232 bacteria, 40 strains were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR), with Plesiomonas shigelloides, Aeromonas spp., and Edwardsiella spp. representing more than half of this number (22/total). With several bacteria demonstrating resistance to Brazilian aquaculture-legalized drugs (tetracycline and florfenicol), it is mandatory to research, not only for alternatives to the use of antibiotics, but also for other drugs effective against the main circulating bacterial pathogens. In addition, vigilance over the occurrence of resistant bacteria is necessary, considering the appearance of zoonotic bacteria with multi-resistant characteristics, becoming a public health concern.


Author(s):  
Tuğçe Başarı ◽  
◽  
Elif Tükenmez Tigen ◽  

M. bovis and Brucella spp. are zoonotic bacteria that can infect humans. These pathogens are usually seen in people who are primarily engaged in animal husbandry and consume infected animal products separately. Although our country is endemic for tuberculosis and brucellosis, it is rare to detect these two pathogens concomitantly. Thus, the case is instructive and unusual in terms of the coexistence of two concomitant zoonotic pathogens. Keywords: M. bovis; meningitis; brucellosis; concomitant.


Author(s):  
K. HOUF

Veterinary public health, a discipline in transition. Veterinary public health, a discipline in which veterinarians help control zoonotic animal diseases, has clearly contributed in improving human health. Since the early 19th century, traditional meat inspections have ensured that in many European countries, including Belgium, almost all animals slaughtered are declared fit for human consumption. Nevertheless, in recent decades, all industrialized countries have been confronted with an increasing number of foodborne infections caused by zoonotic bacteria. Until the end of the 20th century, the focus was mainly on detecting macroscopically visible abnormalities on animal carcasses and in food of animal origin. However, in farm animals, these microorganisms do not cause disease or macroscopic injuries, nor lead to reduced production parameters. The traditional veterinary inspection is therefore no longer sufficient to guarantee public health, and will, under the impulse of the European Commission, be transformed into a risk-based inspection in the near future. Furthermore, due to worldwide trading, movement of people, changed production processes and environmental degradation, a multidisciplinary approach with a renewed collaboration between animal and human medicine will, as in the past, be necessary to face these new challenges.


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