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2022 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 104289
Author(s):  
Iga Solecka ◽  
Tiina Rinne ◽  
Rodrigo Caracciolo Martins ◽  
Marketta Kytta ◽  
Christian Albert

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Marcin Zygmunt ◽  
Dariusz Gawin

The protection of the natural environment and countering global warming are crucial worldwide issues. The residential sector has a significant impact on overall energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is extremely important to focus on all of the activities that can result in more energy efficient and sustainable city scale areas, preventing global warming. The highest improvement in the energy efficiency of existing buildings is possible by combining their deep refurbishment and the use of renewable energy sources (RES), where solar energy appears to be the best for application in buildings. Modernizations that provide full electrification seem to be a trend towards providing modern, energy efficient and environmentally friendly, smart buildings. Moreover, switching from an analysis at the single building level to the district scale allows us to develop more sustainable neighborhoods, following the urban energy modelling (UEM) paradigm. Then, it is possible to use the energy cluster (EC) concept, focusing on energy-, environmental- and economic-related aspects of an examined region. In this paper, an actual Polish suburban district is examined using the home-developed TEAC software. The software is briefly described and compared with other computer codes applied for UEM. In this study, the examined suburban area is modernized, assuming buildings’ deep retrofitting, the application of RES and energy storage systems, as well as usage of smart metering techniques. The proposed modernizations assumed full electrification of the cluster. Moreover, the examined scenarios show potential electricity savings up to approximately 60%, as well as GHG emission reduction by 90% on average. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach is a valid method to estimate various energy- and environment-related issues of modernization for actual residential clusters.


Author(s):  
Matteo Cantore ◽  
Vittorio Candela ◽  
Pasquale Sessa ◽  
Giuseppe Giannicola ◽  
Stefano Gumina

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110675
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Tseng ◽  
Jeff Gao ◽  
Gregory L. Barinsky ◽  
Christina H. Fang ◽  
Wayne D. Hsueh ◽  
...  

Objective The objective of this study was to analyze national trends in human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for patients diagnosed with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC). Study Design Retrospective database study. Setting National Cancer Database (2010-2016). Methods Cases from 2010 to 2016 with a primary SNSCC diagnosis and known HPV testing status were extracted from the National Cancer Database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were then performed to assess differences in socioeconomic, hospital, and tumor characteristics between tested and nontested patients. Results A total of 2308 SNSCC cases were collected, with 1210 (52.4%) HPV tested and 1098 (47.6%) not tested. On univariate analyses, patient age, insurance, income quartile, population density, treatment facility location, and tumor grade were significantly associated with HPV testing status. After multivariate logistic regression modeling, living in a suburban area had lower odds of HPV testing as compared with living in urban areas (odds ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.55-0.99]; P = .041), while tumor grade III/IV had higher odds than grade I (odds ratio, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.29-2.33]; P < .001). HPV-tested patients had a similar 5-year overall survival to nontested patients (48.3% vs 45.3%, log-rank P = .405). A sharp increase in HPV testing rates was observed after 2010 ( P < .001). Conclusion Among patients with SNSCC, those with high-grade tumors were more likely to be tested for HPV, while patients with a suburban area of residence were less likely. Additionally, there was no significant survival benefit to HPV testing, with tested and nontested groups having similar overall survival. Level of evidence 4.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4(Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. 1378
Author(s):  
Azita Laily Yusof ◽  
Hafizi Halim ◽  
Norsuzila Ya'acob ◽  
Nur Haidah Mohd Hanapiah

The main challenge of military tactical communication systems is the accessibility of relevant information on the particular operating environment required for the determination of the waveform's ideal use. The existing propagation model focuses mainly on broadcasting and commercial wireless communication with a highs transceiver antenna that is not suitable for numerous military tactical communication systems. This paper presents a study of the path loss model related to radio propagation profile within the suburban in Kuala Lumpur. The experimental path loss modeling for VHF propagation was collected from various suburban settings for the 30-88 MHz frequency range. This experiment was highly affected by ecological factors and existing wave propagation effects such as reflection, diffraction, scattering, and Doppler effect. Radio propagation performance is evaluated by collecting received power at the allocated substation and comparing it against existing propagation models. The existing propagation model also will be tuned close to the measurement value by identifying the best path loss exponent to perform a suitable model for a suburban area. Theoretical assessments and analysis of the initial measurement stage for radio propagation show the extensive contribution of radio field from potential obstacles at lower VHF frequencies for both short and medium ranges around there. The explanation indicates the standard radio propagation prediction models that are generally reasonable for the suburban area. From the general error analysis, it is seen that, the performance of the LDPL with adjusting path loss exponent is the suitable model since it has least value of error metrics.


2021 ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
Renata Różycka-Czas ◽  
Barbara Czesak ◽  
Wojciech Sroka

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Sikorski ◽  
Robert Szmytkie

Abstract This article presents changes in the distribution of economic activity in Wrocław and its suburbs in the period 2008–2016. The study is based on the analysis of data from the REGON database. Additionally, the article presents the impact of migration of economic entities attributed to suburbanisation of economic entities on the changes noted in the distribution of economic entities in the Wrocław agglomeration. The article also presents the characteristics of migrating economic entities as part of the suburbanisation of economic entities in terms of numbers and types, as well as legal and capital status. Suburbanisation of economic entities was demonstrated to have a significant impact on the distribution of economic entities, both in Wrocław and in its suburban area, throughout the period of analysis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (4) ◽  
pp. 042007
Author(s):  
E V Pechatnova ◽  
V N Kuznetsov

Abstract This study aims to the development of mathematical modeling methods based on time series decomposition. This method is used to describe various consistency or recurrence processes. Such a process is the distribution of traffic volume throughout the year. Its modeling is one of the leading research tasks in the transport sector. One of the urgent tasks is the assessment and forecasting of the traffic volume in the suburban areas. The study is carried out on the road section P-256 Chuysky Trakt (Novosibirsk - Barnaul - Biysk - Gorno-Altaisk -state border with Mongolia) near Biysk. Traffic data is obtained for 2019. Python is used in modelling. The statmodels module is used to decompose the time series. The multiplicative model is chosen. The adequacy of the model is checked on two groups of data. The first is the traffic volume data on the same road section for 2020. The average relative error was 5%. The second is the road section A-322 Barnaul - Rubtsovsk - the state border with the Republic of Kazakhstan in the suburban area of Aleysk. The average relative error was 6%. The results confirm the adequacy and versatility of the model.


Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1598
Author(s):  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Lingrui Wang ◽  
Yunjiang Zhang ◽  
Shanshan Zheng ◽  
Lili Tang

From April to September 2018, five sampling sites were selected in Lianyungang City for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis, including two sampling sites in the urban area (Lianyungang City Environmental Monitoring Supersite and Mine Design Institute), one sampling site in the industrial area (Deyuan Pharmaceutical Factory), and two sampling sites from the suburb (Hugou Management Office and YuehaiLou). The results showed that the mean VOCs concentration followed this pattern: industrial area (36.06 ± 12.2 µg m−3) > urban area (33.47 ± 13.0 µg m−3) > suburban area (27.68 ± 9.8 µg m−3). The seasonal variation of the VOCs trend in the urban and suburban areas was relatively consistent, which was different from that in industrial areas. The concentration levels of VOCs components in urban and industrial areas were relatively close, which were significantly higher than that in suburban areas. The possible sources and relative importance of VOCs in Lianyungang City atmosphere were measured by the characteristic ratio of toluene/benzene (T/B), ethane/acetylene (E/E) and isopentane/TVOCs. The contribution of traffic sources to the VOCs in Lianyungang City was significant (T/B ~ 2), and there were obvious aging phenomena in the five sampling sites (E/E > 4). The ratio of isopentane/TVOCs in the contribution of gasoline volatilization sources in urban and suburban areas was significantly bigger than that in industrial areas. According to the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) method, aromatics (40.32–58.09%) contributed the most to ozone formation potential (OFP) at the five sampling sites. The top 10 OFP species showed that controlling n-hexane and aromatics, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and trimethylbenzene in Lianyungang City can effectively control ozone generation. Nineteen typical VOCs components were selected and the sources of VOCs from five sampling points were analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA) model. The sources of VOCs in different areas in Lianyungang were relatively consistent. Five sources were analyzed at the two sampling sites in the urban area: industrial emission + plants, vehicle exhaust, fuel evaporation, combustion and industrial raw materials. Four sources were analyzed in the industrial area: industrial emission + plants, vehicle exhaust, fuel evaporation and combustion. Five sources were analyzed at the two sampling sites in the suburban area: industrial emission + plants, vehicle exhaust, fuel evaporation, combustion and solvent usage.


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