Moralistic Gods and Social Complexity: A Brief History of the Problem

A cluster of persistent and contentious questions in the scientific study of religion concern when and why so-called “moralistic traditions” developed and how they have shaped human relationships. Is there an association between moralistic gods and the size and/or complexity of the society that might worship them? How cross-culturally ubiquitous are such traditions? Are people more willing to engage in cooperative behavior when they believe their god cares about morality? This chapter focuses on how these questions have arisen and how generations of researchers have struggled to address them. We first briefly examine the intellectual history of the problem, pointing to some of the troubling aspects of early observations of traditional societies and subsequent anthropological positions. We then address how early observations of small-scale peoples have populated cross-cultural resources that have informed and driven contemporary empirical projects. We finish by pointing to ways in which we might go about ensuring that the conversation continues with clarity and consistency.

Vertebrate wildlife diversity of Sreepur upazila, Magura, Bangladesh

The species diversity and abundance of wildlife are the important indicators of a healthy ecosystem. A survey-based scientific study on species diversity, abundance and status of vertebrate wildlife was conducted from May 2015 to April 2016 at Sreepur upazila, Magura, Bangladesh. A total of 123 species of vertebrate wildlife was recorded during the 12 months of study period. Among them, eight species (6.5%) were amphibians, 13 (10.57%) reptiles, 84 (68.29%) birds and 18 species (14.64%) were mammals. Out of 84 species of birds, 45 (53.57%) were passerines and 39 (46.43%) non-passerines. Most of the observed birds (72 species, 85.72%) were resident and the rest 12 species (14.28%) were migratory. The highest number of wildlife species was observed in winter (108 species, 87.80%), particularly in December (62 species, 50.40%). The lowest number of species was recorded in June (33 species, 26.83%). Out of 123 species of vertebrate wildlife, three (2.44%) were very common, nine (7.32%) common, 26 (21.14%) fairly common and 85 (69.1%) were common. Of the total species, 117 (95.12%) species were least concern, five (4.06%) near threatened and one (0.81%) was endangered according to IUCN Bangladesh 2015. Implementation of conservation and management plan is required to save the wildlife in the study area. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2021, 7(1): 51-62

Scientific Study of Serverless Architecture, Implementation and Pros and Cons

This paper will explain the concept and need for the serverless architecture. In this concept the need for separate infrastructure to install application is not there. In order to exchange data, client and servers are needed where client will raise query to the server and the centralised server which has the information will respond with the results to the client. Here, the server is a centralised storage unit in which all the details are stored and that can be accessed remotely. In a server less architecture this server can be implemented without having the need for infrastructure which is known as serverless architecture. The paper will explain the process of implementation of the serverless architecture, its advantages, disadvantages, challenges and characteristics.

Scientific Study of Types of Network Architecture and Discussing Advantages Disadvantages

This paper will explain the theory of network architecture. The concept of network architecture is the combination of different layers of the network infrastructure. Each layer has specific roles. This paper will also discuss about the challenges in the implementation of any type of network architecture. The two types of networks will be discussed. There are number of components which are used to implement the network

المناجاة في الأدب العربي النيجيري:دراسة أسلوبية لمناجاة زكريا إدريس أوبو حسين MUNAJAT IN NIGERIAN ARABIC LITERATURE: A STYLISTIC STUDY OF MUNAJAT OF ZAKARIYAU IDREES -- OBOH OSENI

الملخصهذا البحث يرصد دراسة مناجيات البروفيسور زكريا إدريس أوبو حسين، دراسة أسلوبية، للوقوف على قدرة الكاتب في رسم المشاهد المختلفة في حالات النفس الإنسانية، والكشف عن مستويات المناجيات النصية، والتقديم لدلالات ما خلف النص بوصفه نصاً أدبياً خاضعاً للقراءة والتأويل. وقد تناولت الدراسة كتب مناجاته في مستوياتها الصوتية والتركيبية والدلالية محاولة لإجراء الدراسة الأسلوبية عند كل مستوى، فقد أورد البروفيسور الاستعارات والتشبيهات والكنايات بشكل تفاعلي مع الجو الملائم لكل مناجاة، وأهمية هذا البحث تظهر في قلة أمثاله في المكتبات التي تستقري مثل هذه النصوص الإسلامية الشريفة، والتي تستحق لفت النظر. وتم تقسيم الدراسة إلى أربعة مباحث، سبقهم ملخص، ومقدمة، وفي الخاتمة تم تسجيل أهم النتائج فضلا عن المصادر والمراجع، والله المستعان. AbstractProfessor Zakariyau Idrees Oboh Oseni, is one of the prominent figures of Arabic and Islamic literature in Nigeria, working with University of Ilorin in Nigeria as an exemplary teacher, a writer and even a Critical critic. His poetic talent, literary ability, linguistic wealth, knowledge of the Noble Qur’an and the Prophet’s Sunnah, made him succeed in the Art of Munajat, and succeed as a sincere scholar who raises the nation a high-level education. This Research aims to study the Munajat (Monologues) of Professor Zakariyau Idrees Oboh Oseni as a stylistic study, to determine the writer›s ability to draw different scenes in cases of the human soul, to reveal the levels of textual Monologues, and to present the implications of what is behind the text as a literary text subject to reading and interpretation. The Study dealt with his Monologue books in their phonetic, structural and semantic levels, an attempt to conduct a stylistic study at each level. This approach includes a set of principles and procedures that aid the study of the text as a scientific study, through method analysis. The research is divided into three sections, preceded by a summary, followed by a conclusion.

The hadith of Jabir bin Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with them both, "In the acceptance of supplication on Wednesday ": حديثُ جابرٍ بن عبد الله رضى الله عنهما "في اسْتِجَابةِ الدُّعَاءِ يومَ الأربعاءِ": دِرَاسَةٌ نَقْدِيّةٌ

In this research, I took up and study the methods of modern Jabir bin Abdullah, may God be pleased with them, in the response to the supplication on Wednesday between the two prayers, and his evidence, I have followed the inductive, critical and analytical approach by collecting the methods of hadith and studying them in an objective scientific study and judging him by all his ways of working with him, if in the virtues of deeds, and that he is weak, In his bond and his consciences, and his denial, for his violation of history, and his monopoly on the reasons for publishing it, The research concluded with the most important results, including: that the large number of methods is not a condition for strengthening the hadith, but may be evidence of the severity of its weakness, and that the ijtihad of the Companion is not an agreed upon argument unless the companions spread and no opponent was known. and God knows best.

TINJAUAN PERSPEKTIF FIKIH TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN MAHAR DALAM PERNIKAHAN

The process of marriage in Islam starting from the engagement stage to the reception is very much considered in every process. One part that is quite interesting in Islam is the dowry. Dowry is a form of gift that must be held in marriage issued by a man to a woman. Another definition of dowry is a full right that must be given to women as a form of respect for women in Islam as well as a form of responsibility and seriousness of a man to marry. From this description, this study chose library research as the research method and character analysis as the approach. Furthermore, as a result of this scientific study, in the perspective of fiqh, the views of the jurists differed in opinion, for example, the jurists, especially the jurists from the four schools of thought, had different opinions about the amount of the dowry and the payment and giving of the dowry. However, from the differences of each cleric, of course, his thoughts direct the benefits of applying dowry in Islamic law. Abstrak Proses pernikahan dalam Islam mulai dari tunangan sampai tahapan resepsi sangat diperhatikan dalam setiap prosesinya. Salah satu bagian yang cukup menarik perhatian dalam Islam adalah mahar. Mahar merupakan salah satu bentuk pemberian yang wajib diadakan dalam pernikahan yang dikeluarkan oleh seorang laki-laki kepada seorang perempuan. Definisi lain dari mahar adalah hak penuh yang harus diberikan kepada perempuan sebagai bentuk menghargai kedudukan perempuan dalam Islam serta bentuk tanggung jawab dan keseriusan seorang laki-laki untuk menikah. Dari uraian tersebut, kajian ini memilih penelitian pustaka sebagai metode penelitian dan analisis pemikiran tokoh sebagai pendekatan penelitian. Selanjutnya, sebagai hasil kajian ilmiah ini adalah dalam perspektif fikih utamanya pandangan para ulama fukaha mempunyai perbedaan pendapat, misalnya ulama fukaha khususnya ulama empat mazhab memiliki perbedaan pendapat tentang kadar mahar dan pembayaran serta pemberian mahar. Tetapi dari perbedaan setiap ulama tentunya pemikirannya mengarahkan kemaslahatan pada penerapan mahar di dalam syariat Islam.

Scientific Study of Amish Tripathi's Novels

Amish Tripathi is a rising contempory writer. His passion towards Indian mythology inspired him to write about Hindu Mythology upon Hindu God and Goddesses. He is one of the best selling author in English literature, written about mythological stories. All the novels of Amish Tripathi are modernized in such a way that it can match with the interest of today's generation. His novels are about society, women, oppressed classed etc. Apart from these his novels are full in scientific techniques. There are so many scientific concepts in the novel 'Shiva Triology'. There are three parts in Shiva triology. The first part is the immortals of Melutra, the second part is the secret of the Nagas and the third part is the oath of vayuputras. The concept like Radiowaves, manufacture of somras, Divizian of cell etc. are scientifically explained in the novel Shiva triology.