Effect of pop sorghum on the quality of gluten-free cereal bars

Subject of research: technology for the production of gluten-free cereal bars Investigated problem: the development of gluten-free bars with an improved recipe composition, enriched with biologically valuable substances, in particular, for people suffering from gluten intolerance. Main scientific results: Changes in the amino acid composition of sorghum grain due to microwave processing were determined. Formulations of cereal bars were developed using the following ingredients: bananas, dates, coconut flakes, buckwheat flakes, almonds, flax seeds, sorghum pop sorghum, vanilla sugar. The advantages of the biological value of pop sorghum as a promising ingredient in bars were revealed. The influence of the content of pop sorghum in the amount of 4, 6, 8 % in the recipe of cereal bars on their organoleptic and structural-mechanical properties was determined, the nutritional and energy value of the products was established. It was revealed that the introduction of pop sorghum into the composition of the recipe for cereal bars had a significant effect on the maximum load, deformation at maximum load and the coefficient of elasticity of bars. Practical recommendations on the recipe composition of gluten-free cereal bars for pop sorghum and technological modes of their production were developed. The area of practical use of the research results: food enterprises for the production of snacks and functional products, in particular, food concentrate enterprises, restaurants, craft food production. Innovative technological product: technology for the production of gluten-free cereal bars with the addition of pop sorghum Scope of application of an innovative technological product: manufactures engaged in the production of functional food products with high nutritional value in a relatively small volume are an excellent source of energy, dietary fiber, vitamins, macro- and microelements for the human body, in particular, consumers suffer from gluten intolerance.

Evaluation of Hypolipidemic and Hepatoprotective Effects of Linum usitatissimum L. Seeds on Hypercholesterolemic Rats

Background: Hyperlipidaemia is a chronic progressive disease, which encompasses various genetic and acquired conditions resulting in inappropriately elevated lipid levels in humans. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that dietary supplementation with Linum Usitatissimum have beneficial cardiovascular effects like antihypertensive action, antiatherogenic effects, lowering of cholesterol, anti-inflammatory action and inhibition of arrhythmia. There are few studies on hepatoprotective effects of flax seeds in hyperlipidemic animal models. Aim and objectives: Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effect of Linum seeds. Methods: The study was conducted for the period of two months in Department of Pharmacology KIMS, Bhubaneswar. Total 36 Albino wistar rats were taken and divided into 6 groups containing 6 rats each. Group II was hypercholesterolemic (HC) control, Group III was treatment control and Group IV to VI rats were given different doses of extract. Blood samples were taken at the end of two months. Results: All the values are expressed as Mean±SD (standard deviation). Significant decrease in lipid parameters and liver enzymes is seen at the end of two months in all 3 groups receiving the extract, where the highest dose of extract used, is near to the standard drug. Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that the addition of the flaxseeds to the diet may alleviate the rise in circulating cholesterol levels induced by the high cholesterol diet through its content of alfa-linolenic acid (ALA) and lignins. The hepatoprotective role of flaxseed in hypercholesterolaemia has also been demonstrated in this this study.

APPLICATION OF COMPLEX FERTILIZERS AND BIOPREPARATIONS IN ORGANIC PRODUCTION OF OIL FLAX

The purpose of research is the development of a competitive, adapted to soil and climatic conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of the western, organic technology for growing oilseed flax. Research methods – hypothesis, experiment, observation, quantitative-weight, field, visual and comparative calculation. Research results. The use of growth stimulants Vitazim, Ascostart Spectrum for flax seed treatment of flax seeds led to an increase in germination of seeds by 4.2-5.2 % . The highest productivity of seeds oil flax (1.34 t / ha) was obtained by using the biostimulant Vitazim (1.0 l / t) for pre-sowing seed treatment. The increase before control was 14.1 %. Other studies have stimulated the growth and development of plants contributed to an increase in the yield of oilseed flax in the range of 9.5-10.9 %. For complex micro-fertilizers this indicator was in the range of 0.08-0.09 t / ha (6.8-7.8 %). Pre-sowing treatment of flax seeds with growth stimulators Spectrum Ascostart, Vitazim, Ecoline Boron, Vympel 2 influenced the increase of oil content in seeds by 0.5-1.4 %. The highest yield of flaxseed oil for growing flax on an organic basis (0.563 t / ha) was obtained using the biostimulant Vitazim. The increase before control was 0.08-0.095 t / ha (17.1-20.3 %) depending on the method of use. Other complex fertilizers and stimulators of plant growth and development provided an increase in oil yield at the level of 0.048–0.092 t / ha (10.3-19.7 %) with the control indicator at 0.468 t / ha. Analysis of the content of heavy metals in oilseed flax seeds using complex micro-fertilizers and growth stimulants indicates its environmental safety. In particular, their content was significantly lower than the MPC: zinc - 11.4-12.7 (MPC - 50 mg / kg), lead - 0.01-0.07 (MPC - 0.3 mg / kg), cadmium - no more 0.010 (MPC - 0.03 mg / kg), copper - 5.9-6.8 (MPC - 10.0 mg / kg). Conclusions. The use of the studied complex micro-fertilizers and growth stimulants in the organic technology of oil flax cultivation helped to increase the length of the growing season, increased germination and reduced plant disease. The use of these drugs for treatment seed and foliar fertilization led to an increase in seed yield by 9.0-21.8 % compared to control (1.1 t / ha) and an increase in content of 0.6-0.9 % and oil yield in within 0.048-0.095 t / ha (10.3-20.8 %).

Influence of extrusion on the feed value of flax seeds

Relevance. The wide use of extrusion for processing plant raw materials is explained by the possibility of improving the structure and increasing the availability of macronutrients of the target product. Extrusion of oilseeds is complicated by the negative effect of high lipid content on the ongoing physicochemical processes and, as a consequence, a decrease in the quality of extrudates. Along with their high lipid content, oilseeds such as flaxseed contain significant amounts of protein, soluble (mucilage) and insoluble (cellulose, lignin) fibers, which can also affect the technological properties of extrudates. As a high-energy and protein component, flax seeds are used in the feed industry. Increasing the nutritional value of flax seeds and their safety will expand the range of biologically active additives for the production of feed. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of extrusion on the feed value of flax seeds.Methods. For the research we used unmilled oil flax seeds produced in 2020. Flax seeds were processed by wet extrusion: the raw material was preliminarily moistened to 17% at 80 °C; extrusion process parameters — 120 °С, pressure 40 atm., duration 30 sec. Extruded flax seeds were obtained on a pilot plant of OOO “Fid-Group” (Belgorod region). Studies of extruded flax seeds were carried out on the basis of the laboratory for processing bast crops of the Federal Scientific Center for Fiber Crops (Tver).Results. A comparative analysis of the results showed a positive effect of short-term barothermal treatment, such as extrusion, on the chemical composition of flax seeds and their feed parameters. It has been shown that: the content of crude protein in extruded flax seeds increased by 3.97%, the water-soluble fraction increased by 66.18%, which indicates an increase in the biological value of the extrudate; the mass fraction of crude fiber decreased by 1.18%, which indicates an improvement in the digestibility of the extruded product; the content of mineral nutritional value increased by 12.5%; when using barothermal treatment, the nutritional value of flax seeds increased by 2.46%, metabolic energy increased by 2.19% and digestible protein increased by 4.08%; the level of indicators of the lipid complex, acid number and peroxide number, decreased by 40 and 39% respectively, which indicates a decrease in the activity of enzymes that cause hydrolytic and oxidative deterioration of the extrudate.

Individual and Synergistic Anti-obesity Effect of Flax Seeds (Linum usitatissimum), Fenugreek Seeds (Trigonella foenum) and Black Seeds (Nigella sativa), in-vivo in Drosophila melanogaster

Obesity poses a major threat to global health, challenging the prevention of chronic diseases and health across the world. As synthetic medicines have their side effects, lately, there has been an inclination towards herbal remedies. The present study was conducted to evaluate the individual and syngeristic effect of Linum usitatissimum (flax seeds), Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek seeds) and Nigella sativa (black seeds) on obesity. In-vivo studies were performed in Drosophila as many tissues and organs related to obesity and its associated disorders are analogous in Drosophila and humans. Obesity was induced by supplementing lipid and high concentration of glucose in the media. The effect of the seeds on obesity was studied by quantitative estimation of lipid content and carbohydrate content in the larvae grown in different media preparations and also by assessment of physical activity of the flies. The study revealed the efficient ability of the seeds to reduce obesity, synergistically as well as individually proving it to be a potential strategy to combat the obesity naturally.

Dynamics of macronutrients during short-term germination of flax seeds

Germination is an environmentally friendly and convenient approach to enhancing the biochemical potential of food plant raw materials. The nutritional value of raw materials and the functional properties of protein contained therein can be significantly improved by activatying the inherent enzyme system. Bioactivation not only increases the amount of water-soluble protein fractions, but also promotes accumulation of free amino and fatty acids and easily soluble reducing sugars. We used flax seeds as a source of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibres, complete protein, polypeptides and lignans to support the most important physiological functions of the human body. The aim was to study the dynamics of macronutrients in the process of short-term germination of flax seeds by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Flax seeds were germinated in laboratory conditions in special trays at a temperature of 18–20 ºС for 5 days with periodic moistening. Visual changes occurring in flax seeds at all stages of short-term germination are demonstrated. The periodicity of changes in the main macronutrients of flax seeds is shown. It is concluded that, during the studied period of germination, the principal hydrolytic decomposition of seed storage proteins was incomplete, leading to a permanent decrease, first of all, in the content of proteins and protein nitrogen. Based on the changes in the lipid content and acid number, the intensity of the peaks associated with functional groups in the lipid region, in particular, the band at 1748 cm-1 assigned to stretching vibrations of C=Ogroups of fatty acids, no degradation of storage lipids at an early stage of germination was assumed. The accumulation of soluble substances during the studied germination period is demonstrated, including watersoluble protein compounds, as well as water-soluble polysaccharides and products of their hydrolytic degradation. Sprouted flax seeds are a valuable ingredient for producing healthy foods.

Research of the vitamin composition of medicinal herbs in the development of immunostimulating confectionery products

This article reflects the results of a study of the content of vitamins, polyphenols, antioxidants in medicinal raw materials of local origin (licorice root, St. rose hips, flax seeds) in order to study their beneficial properties as a component for marmalade products that have an immunostimulating effect. According to laboratory studies, the largest amount of polyphenols is found in the leaves of sea buckthorn and St. John's wort (60.02% and 12.82%, respectively), antioxidants (3.61 mg / 100 g and 2.49 mg / 100 g) and most of the B vitamins (В₂ in sea buckthorn leaves 0.777 mg / 100 g, and in St. John's wort 0.088 mg / 100 g, В₅ - 1.506 mg / 100 g and 0.061 mg / 100 g, respectively, В₆ - 0.680 mg / 100 g in sea buckthorn leaves and 0.427 mg / 100 g in St. John's wort). A high content of vitamin C was found in rose hips (4.355 mg / 100g) and St. John's wort (4.314 mg / 100g). In the leaves of sea buckthorn, the content of ascorbic acid is 1.409 mg / 100 g, which is 67% less compared to St. John's wort. In this regard, it follows that the most promising raw materials for imparting an immunostimulating effect to marmalade confectionery products are sea buckthorn leaves and St. John's wort.

Simulation of the process stripping harvester for the collection of oilseed flax seeds

The article presents the main results of research on the development of a physical and mathematical model of the technological process of collecting flax seeds with a combing header and the justification of the range of its operating parameters based on software simulation and numerical modeling. The process of harvesting agricultural crops, including oil flax, is an important technological operation of their production in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The positive dynamics of the growth of oil flax production, which is due to the growing demand for seeds in the domestic and foreign markets, requires the intensification of harvesting equipment technological processes. The main reasons for restraining the production of oil flax are the imperfection of the equipment for harvesting and the inconsistency of the quality indicators of work with the established requirements. One of the directions for solving this problem is the technology of harvesting by stripping plants on the standing. Timely harvesting of oil flax seeds in optimal agrotechnical terms (plant condition, weather conditions, weediness, etc.) with minimal losses and contamination of the heap is one of the important scientific tasks of improving harvesting technology. Improving the efficiency of collecting oil flax seeds and, as a result, improving the quality of products requires new approaches to the development and implementation of technical means in progressive technologies. As a result of numerical modeling of the separation process of a heap in a combing header with a curvilinear casing shape, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of its components, the dependences of the mass fraction of husk and stem particles leaving its area (an indicator of the quality of cleaning the heap from impurities) δh and the fraction of seeds and capsules leaving with seeds (seed loss index) δs from the rotation frequency of the beater-reflector n1 and the stripping drum n2, the position of the transparent zone of the boundary L and its width B. Solving the compromise problem, namely, maximizing the mass fraction of husk and stalk particles leaving the header area (quality indicator cleaning the heap from impurities) δh and minimizing the proportion of seeds and seed boxes leaving the header area (seed loss index) δs Obtained rational design and technological parameters of the combing type header with a curved casing: rotation frequency of the beater-reflector n1 = 782 rpm, combing drum rotation speed n2 = 671 rpm, transparent position zone of the boundaries L = 0.82 m and its width B = 0.45 m. In this case, the mass fraction of husk and stem particles leaving is δh = 42.4%, and the fraction of losses of seeds and capsules with seeds from the header area is in accordance with δs = 2.5%.

A STUDY OF ROLE OF AAHARIYA DRAVYA ATASI (LINUM USITATISSIMUM LINN.) ON HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA

The presence of an abnormally large amount of cholesterol in the blood is called Hypercholesterolemia which has been developed due to a sedentary lifestyle. The liver is the main organ for producing cholesterol in the body. Staulya (Obesity) which is included in Ashtau-Nindhita-Purusha (8 physical deformities) by Acharya Charaka (Ch. Su.21) is the disease caused due to vitiated Meda. As cholesterol is formed by fatty tissue i.e. Meda ex- plained in Ayurvedic literature. So, both the entities can be correlated as they both have the same composition i.e. fatty tissue. The present study aimed to find out the role of Ahariya Dravya (dietary substance) Atasi (flax seeds) administered twice a day for 3 months duration on patients of Hypercholesterolemia and some factors of Staulya. After conducting the study, the observations and results were obtained. Keywords: Hypercholesterolemia, Staulya, obesity, Atasi, flax seeds