Perhitungan Beban Statik pada Rangka Mesin Pengering Padi Menggunakan Baja AISI 1020

In 2007 the government has targeted rice production to reach 61 million tons of dry milled grain (GKG) through the National Rice Production Improvement Program (P2BN). To support this program, it is not only about inputs in the form of area and types of plants cultivated, but also about the need for agricultural tools and machines as supporting factors for farming. The role of mechanization engineering and technology is one of the efforts to create a better and more efficient agricultural system, which includes the provision of machinery and equipment, encouraging farmers to increase land productivity, overcoming transport problems and improving the quality of land and agricultural products. The development of mechanization technology based on physical and socio-economic conditions will have a positive impact on change and encourage the development of agricultural businesses.

Rational Proteomic Analysis of a New Domesticated Klebsiella pneumoniae x546 Producing 1,3-Propanediol

In order to improve the capability of Klebsiella pneumoniae to produce an important chemical raw material, 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), a new type of K. pneumoniae x546 was obtained by glycerol acclimation and subsequently was used to produce 1,3-PDO. Under the control of pH value using Na+ pH neutralizer, the 1,3-PDO yield of K. pneumoniae x546 in a 7.5-L fermenter was 69.35 g/L, which was 1.5-fold higher than the original strain (45.91 g/L). After the addition of betaine, the yield of 1,3-PDO reached up to 74.44 g/L at 24 h, which was 40% shorter than the original fermentation time of 40 h. To study the potential mechanism of the production improvement of 1,3-PDO, the Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) technology was applied to investigate the production of 1,3-PDO in K. pneumoniae. Compared with the control group, 170 up-regulated proteins and 291 down-regulated proteins were identified. Through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, it was found that some proteins [such as homoserine kinase (ThrB), phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase (PurT), phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase (PurC), etc.] were involved in the fermentation process, whereas some other proteins (such as ProX, ProW, ProV, etc.) played a significant role after the addition of betaine. Moreover, combined with the metabolic network of K. pneumoniae during 1,3-PDO, the proteins in the biosynthesis of 1,3-PDO [such as DhaD, DhaK, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), BudC, etc.] were analyzed. The process of 1,3-PDO production in K. pneumoniae was explained from the perspective of proteome for the first time, which provided a theoretical basis for genetic engineering modification to improve the yield of 1,3-PDO. Because of the use of Na+ pH neutralizer in the fermentation, the subsequent environmental pollution treatment cost was greatly reduced, showing high potential for industry application in the future.

Procedure for applying the concept of marketing planning at the company

Introduction. During the period of instability and crisis, there is an increased risk and increased competition in the market. For the company, marketing is the mechanism by which it can seize new opportunities to survive and grow. Marketing planning is essential in terms of usefulness and importance, as the needs of society have no boundaries, while the company resources are often limited. The proper organization of marketing activities can give the company the desired profit, as well as conquer new markets and build a positive reputation. The purpose of the paper is to determine the essence of marketing planning, to analyze its systems and methods within the various concepts of marketing. Results. Marketing planning is aimed at fulfilling tasks which aim at achieving the desired level of exchange with target markets. There are five concepts under which companies plan marketing activities: production improvement planning, improvement marketing planning of the final product, intensification of the commercial efforts, generalized marketing approach and socio-ethical marketing. Marketing planning of the company is based on the usage of its three main systems: forecasting; current planning; operational planning. Each of these marketing planning systems has a certain period and its own forms of results implementations. The use of the described systems and methods of marketing planning allows the company to increase its efficiency of marketing activity and to provide its purposefulness. Conclusion. The rapid development of consumer demand is inextricably linked with the growing demands of a company to increase its market competitiveness. The activities of the companies are often carried out in different markets and therefore the enhancing of the marketing planning efficiency is becoming increasingly more important. Marketing planning should become a continuous process, the vector of which will be focused on the actions of the company operating at the flux market conditions, and through it ensure the stable profit growth and strong market positions.

Mining transcriptomic data to identify Saccharomyces cerevisiae signatures related to improved and repressed ethanol production under fermentation

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known for its outstanding ability to produce ethanol in industry. Identifying the dynamic of gene expression in S. cerevisiae in response to fermentation is required for the establishment of any ethanol production improvement program. The goal of this study was to identify the discriminative genes between improved and repressed ethanol production as well as clarifying the molecular responses to this process through mining the transcriptomic data. Through 11 machine learning based algorithms from RapidMiner employed on available microarray datasets related to yeast fermentation performance under Mg 2+ and Cu 2+ supplementation, 172 probe sets were identified by at least 5 AWAs. Some have been identified as being involved in carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and ethanol fermentation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap clustering were also validated the top-ranked selective probe sets. According to decision tree models, 17 roots with 100% performance were identified. OLI1 and CYC3 were identified as the roots with the best performance, demonstrated by the most weighting algorithms and linked to top two significant enriched pathways including porphyrin biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation. ADH5 and PDA1 are also recognized as differential top-ranked genes that contribute to ethanol production. According to the regulatory clustering analysis, Tup1 has a significant effect on the top-ranked target genes CYC3 and ADH5 genes. This study provides a basic understanding of the S. cerevisiae cell molecular mechanism and responses to two different medium conditions (Mg 2+ and Cu 2+ ) during the fermentation process.

Digital Rock Extension of Laboratory Core Test Results for Acid Treatment Optimization

Nowadays acidizing became one of the most common approaches used to increase the hydrocarbons production from carbonate reservoirs. An acid solution injected under pressures below the formation fracture pressures dissolves the rock matrix and, thus, facilitates the fluid flow. However, the overall treatment efficiency is crucially dependent on the acid composition and injection scenario, since the different dissolution patterns are created depending on the effective reaction rate (i.e. acid composition and matrix mineralogy) of the reactive fluid and the fluid injection rate. At slow injection rates, when the acid is spent before penetrating deep into the rock, the face dissolution scenario is observed. On the other hand, fast injection results in uniform distribution of the acid along the treatment zone and similar uniform dissolution of the matrix. The best result from production improvement point of view is achieved when the acid creates a set of thin channels - the so-called wormholes. This optimum regime corresponds to the minimum in the pore volume to breakthrough (PVBT) dependence on injection rate (Fredd, 1998; Zhang, 2021). Where PVBT is defined as the amount of treatment fluid (measured in core pore volumes) required to be injected before the appearance of macroscopic flow channel linking the opposite faces of the core. Thus, since the optimal acid composition and the injection rate are determined by geology and lithology of the reservoir, to achieve the best effect, each treatment should be preceded by experiments on representative rock samples. In addition to that, the parameters to be optimized for a typical acidizing job also include the sequence of injected fluids and the amount of the fluid to be injected (Yudin A., 2021), which requires an extensive laboratory study. Unfortunately, the amount of the core material available is usually not sufficient for such a comprehensive laboratory analysis. Moreover, the destructive nature of acidizing experiments imposes the fundamental limitation: experiments are performed on different core samples, which makes the results less conclusive.