international trade network
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Author(s):  
Rosanna Grassi ◽  
Paolo Bartesaghi ◽  
Stefano Benati ◽  
Gian Paolo Clemente

AbstractUnderstanding the structure of communities in a network has a great importance in the economic analysis. Communities are indeed characterized by specific properties, that are different from those of both the individual nodes and the whole network, and they can affect various processes on the network. In the International Trade Network, community detection aims to search sets of countries (or of trade sectors) which have a high intra-cluster connectivity and a low inter-cluster connectivity. In general, exchanges among countries occur according to preferential economic relationships ranging over different sectors. In this paper, we combine community detection with specific topological indicators, such as centrality measures. As a result, a new weighted network is constructed from the original one, in which weights are determined taking into account all the topological indicators in a multi-criteria approach. To solve the resulting Clique Partitioning Problem and find homogeneous group of nations, we use a new fast algorithm, based on quick descents to a local optimal solution. The analysis allows to cluster countries by interconnections, economic power and intensity of trade, giving an important overview on the international trade patterns.


Author(s):  
Guy-Maurille Massamba

The geostrategic approach refers to China's method to rise as global power through worldwide trade expansion and the development of its military and naval capabilities. It creates clusters of countries interlinked as China's trade partners, thus being assets to its global ascent. China's importance in global trade is a function of its partners' behavior embracing its trade mechanism. The edges connecting nodes are multidirectional, implying that countries are as much interested in their China-induced interlinkages as they are in their partnership with China. This results in China's centrality, a quality gained from being dominant in trade partnerships in terms of numbers and significance. This chapter examines the approach, process, and historical, geographic, and behavioral components that China uses in its ascent as central node in the international trade network. It explores how underlying dimensions making China's national character conjointly devise its behavior in global trade.


2021 ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
James F. Hancock

Abstract This chapter highlights the ocean transport and trade routes that facilitated the spice trade in the Indian ocean. This chapter consists of twelve subchapters which are Central Role of Rivers, Persian Gulf Routes, The Red Sea and Beyond, Early Indonesian Seafarers, Royal Road of the First Persian Empire, Persian and Greek Explorations, Arab Stranglehold on Egyptian Trade, War Elephants and Red Sea Travel, the way to India, The Roman Sea, Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, and lastly, Rome's Breathtaking International Trade Network.


Author(s):  
Min Zhou

This chapter discusses key contributions social network analysis (SNA) has made to knowledge about the international trade network (ITN). The existing literature applies SNA to the ITN in three distinct directions. The first line of inquiry attempts to substantiate the hierarchical structure of the ITN envisioned by world system theory. The second line of inquiry describes the topological structure and evolution of the ITN. The third line of inquiry employs various modeling techniques to explain why the ITN takes place as observed. The existing literature largely builds upon the gravity model borrowed from international economics but makes some improvements. It also makes use of estimating methods developed for network data such as the multivariate regression quadratic assignment procedure. In future research, instead of relying on the gravity model, it is promising to directly use such SNA models as the exponential random graph model to explain the ITN.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3511
Author(s):  
Zongning Wu ◽  
Hongbo Cai ◽  
Ruining Zhao ◽  
Ying Fan ◽  
Zengru Di ◽  
...  

As a classical trade model, the gravity model plays an important role in the trade policy-making process. However, the effect of physical distance fails to capture the effects of globalization and even ignores the multilateral resistance of trade. Here, we propose a general model describing the effective distance of trade according to multilateral trade paths information and the structure of the trade flow network. Quantifying effective trade distance aims to identify the hidden resistance information from trade networks data, and then describe trade barriers. The results show that flow distance, hybrid by multi-path constraint, and international trade network contribute to the forecasting of trade flows. Meanwhile, we also analyze the role of flow distance in international trade from two perspectives of network science and econometric model. At the econometric model level, flow distance can collapse to the predicting results of geographic distance in the proper time lagging variable, which can also reflect that flow distance contains geographical factors. At the international trade network level, community structure detection by flow distances and flow space embedding instructed that the formation of international trade networks is the tradeoff of international specialization in the trade value chain and geographical aggregation. The methodology and results can be generalized to the study of all kinds of product trade systems.


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