integrated watershed management
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2022 ◽  
pp. 237-251
Author(s):  
Athar Hussain ◽  
Richa Madan ◽  
Vishal Kamboj

Integrated watershed management is a holistic approach aimed at linking upstream and downstream areas. It encompasses preventing the watershed from being polluted and maintaining the quality of water and prevention of soil erosion. Remote sensing and GIS techniques play a crucial role in assessing watershed conditions through modeling. These techniques are also very helpful in acquiring the spatial information of the land use, land cover, vegetation, water resources, etc. With the available data, characteristics of aquifers can easily be deciphered. Remote sensing aids in identifying and assessing the topographical features and alienates the unnecessary ones. Integration of GIS with remote sensing along with hydrological, hydrogeological, geomorphologic studies will make the practice of integrated watershed management more effective. The primary aim of this chapter is to encompass the remote sensing and GIS technologies currently in use for watershed monitoring and management.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-209
Author(s):  
Rikky Mulyawan ◽  
Ennie Dwi Wahjunie ◽  
Iin Ichwandi ◽  
Suria Darma Tarigan

Kerusakan daerah aliran sungai (DAS) semakin meningkat, disamping karena faktor perubahan tutupan lahan, faktor pengelolaan DAS juga menjadi pemicu. Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) No.37 Tahun 2012 dan Perda (Qanun) No. 7 tahun 2018 merupakan landasan pengelolaan DAS di Aceh. DAS Krueng Aceh merupakan DAS prioritas yang kondisinya kritis, pengelolaan DAS Krueng Aceh memerlukan penanganan terpadu oleh stakeholders terkait. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis PP, Qanun, stakeholders pengelola DAS Krueng Aceh dan implementasi kebijakan berdasarkan perubahan kondisi biofisik DAS. Analisis yang digunakan kajian ini adalah analisis perubahan kondisi biofisik DAS, analisis stakeholders, serta analisis implementasi kebijakan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kondisi biofisik DAS, tutupan lahan DAS Krueng Aceh dalam 10 tahun terakhir  menunjukkan perubahan yang sangat signifikan pada tahun 2020, perubahan ini berdampak pada kondisi hidrologi DAS dimana terjadi perubahan debit sungai maksimum pada tahun 2020 sebesar 15.78 m³/detik dibandingkan tahun 2019 sebesar 10.09 m³/detik. Dari pendalaman isi PP dan Qanun diketahui hal pokok kegiatan pengelolaan DAS yakni ; peningkatan daya dukung DAS, pengelolaan sumber daya air, dan penataan ruang. Terdapat 20 stakeholders yang terlibat pengelolaan DAS Krueng Aceh, stakeholders pemerintah memiliki kepentingan yang tinggi dan sumber daya untuk melaksanakan kegiatan. Bila dilihat dari kondisi biofisik DAS tahun 2020 dan dikaitkan dengan peraturan perundangan, analisis stakeholders, serta analisis implementasi kebijakan dapat dikatakan bahwa kegiatan pengelolaan DAS secara terpadu belum berjalan sesuai isi kebijakan. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut perintah PP dan Qanun harus dilaksanakan secara tegas, Tim Koordinasi Pengelolaan DAS Terpadu (TKPDAS-T) yang sudah dibentuk harus sesegera mungkin difungsikan untuk mewujudkan implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan DAS terpadu.ABSTRACTWatershed damage is increasing, in addition to changes in land cover, watershed management factors are also a trigger. Government Regulation (PP) No.37 of 2012 and Perda (Qanun) No. 7 of 2018 is the cornerstone of watershed management in Aceh. Krueng Aceh watershed is a priority watershed whose condition is critical, the management of Krueng Aceh watershed requires integrated handling by relevant stakeholders. This study aims to analyze PP, Qanun, stakeholders of Krueng Aceh watershed management and policy implementation based on changes in watershed biophysical conditions. The analysis used by this study is an analysis of changes in the biophysical condition of the watershed, stakeholder analysis, and policy implementation analysis. Based on the results of the analysis of the biophysical condition of the watershed, the cover of the Krueng Aceh watershed in the last 10 years showed a very significant change in 2020, this change has an impact on the condition of watershed hydrology where there is a maximum river discharge change in 2020 of 15.78 m³ / second compared to 2019 of 10.09 m³ / second. From the deepening of the contents of PP and Qanun, it is known that the main things of watershed management activities are; increased watershed carrying capacity, water resource management, and spatial arrangement. There are 20 stakeholders involved in the management of the Krueng Aceh watershed, government stakeholders have high interests and resources to carry out activities. When viewed from the biophysical condition of the watershed in 2020 and associated with legislation, stakeholder analysis, and policy implementation analysis, it can be said that integrated watershed management activities have not been run  with the contents of the policy. To realize this, the PP and Qanun orders must be implemented strictly, the Integrated Watershed Management Coordination Team (TKPDAS-T) that has been established must be as soon as possible to realize the implementation of integrated watershed management policies.


Author(s):  
John Adekunle Adesina ◽  
Jiang Jiang ◽  
Tang Xiaolan

Human activities mostly impact the trend and direction of surface water, groundwater, and other river basin resources in the watershed in Africa. Human activities influence river flows and the water quality at both highlands and lowlands. A watershed is indeed a conserved area of land that collects rain and snow and empties or penetrates into ground water sources. The act of managing the activities around the watershed is the Integrated Watershed Management while considering the social, economic, and environmental issues, as well as community interests to manage water resources sustainably. These watersheds, river basins, and groundwater resources provide important services for communities and biodiversity. This paper reveals that the best way to protect groundwater resources is on a watershed basis using IWM. This technique enables us to handle a variety of concerns and objectives while also allowing us to plan in a complicated and uncertain environment. IWM involves cooperation and participation from a wide range of community interests and water users, including municipalities, companies, people, agencies, and landowners, for stakeholders' input to be successful. All of the strategies and plans are produced concerning one another, as well as the overall conditions of the watershed, local land uses, and specific issues.


2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 465-465
Author(s):  
Milica Caković ◽  
Miodrag Zlatić ◽  
Nada Dragović ◽  
Sara Lukić ◽  
Aleksandar Baumgertel

Integrated watershed management is based on the application of various biological and technical works, and administration measure to reduce the degradation process. The paper presents an analysis of the effects of performed biological works as part of integrated watershed management within the Grdelica Gorge and Vranjska Valley. Extensive erosion control works were carried out in the second half of the 20th century. As vegetation is one of the key factors in mitigating the erosion process, the paper presents the trend of connecting the surface with the vegetation cover, which results from implemented biological measures. Using multispectral satellite imagery (Landsat missions) for 1972, 1986, 1996, and 2017, the vegetation index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index – NDVI) was analyzed in torrent basins, which were afforested to control severe erosion processes. The increasing trend of vegetated areas was recorded in period from 1986 to 1996 (very low vegetation coverage 40.19 % in 1986 and 8.19 % in 1996, respectively), which continues to grow until 2017 when the very low vegetation coverage was 0.26 %, and moderately high vegetation coverage was 50.63 %.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1338
Author(s):  
Shuifeng Zhang ◽  
Jinchi Zhang ◽  
Miaojing Meng ◽  
Peixian Chen ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
...  

[Background] The key to integrated watershed management is to take simultaneous account of environmental, economic, and social development goals; hence, a multi-objective decision making approach is required. However, our understanding and application of multi-objective decision making in watershed management remains limited. [Objective] The objective of this study was to develop a multi-objective decision making system (MDMS) that could simultaneously handle multiple problems and objectives in a small watershed based on the relationships among land, water and economy. [Methods] The MDMS was coupled with the watershed hydrological model and economic benefit evaluation model to comprehensively simulate the watershed operational process, and established a multi-objective function to minimize sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus outputs, while maximizing the economic benefits for integrated watershed management. The MDMS also utilized an improved meta-heuristic algorithm to optimize the agricultural land use structure of the small watershed to obtain the best integrated management plan at the small watershed scale. [Results] We found that the MDMS achieved seamless connections between automatic updating, analysis, and the optimization of land use structures in the iterative process, and successfully obtained an optimal scheme from a large number of agricultural land use structure alternatives, with particularly high time efficiencies. [Conclusions] Overall, the MDMS effectively controlled the negative impacts of crop planting on the environment, and simultaneously considered the economic benefits, which might assist managers in arriving at efficient scientific decisions toward the integrated management of small agricultural watersheds.


Author(s):  
Ashutosh Rath ◽  
Sandeep Samantaray ◽  
Priya Darsan Raj ◽  
Prakash Chandra Swain ◽  
Saeid Eslamian

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirhas Gebregergs ◽  
Kassa Teka ◽  
Gebeyehu Taye ◽  
Eskinder Gidey ◽  
Oagile Dikinya

Abstract Background Land restoration programs in Tigray, also called integrated watershed management (IWM) practices, were implemented by the government and non–governmental organizations since 1980s. These practices aimed at reversing land degradation processes, environmental rehabilitation, and ensure food security at both community and household levels. Most of the implemented IWM projects are now phased–out. The aim of this study is therefore; therefore, to investigate the impacts of phased–out land restoration programs on vegetation cover changes in Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia. Both Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) Landsat imageries at 30 meter by 30 meter spatial resolution were used to examine the land use and land cover conditions taking successful and unsuccessful IWM interventions as case studies. Three time periods were used in the change analysis: before IWM implementation (2007), at the time of IWM projects phase-out (2010), and after IWM phase-out (2017). Results The results indicated that for all successful integrated watershed management projects, both the bush/shrub land (19.6 ha) and grassland (8.95 ha) increased during the intervention time for Negash (S-1), Deberewahabit (S-2) and Gemad (S-3) watersheds. However, the bush/shrub land decreased after the integrated watershed management projects phased–out by 9.8 and 11.3 ha for S-1 and S-3 watersheds. At the unsuccessful IWM projects, bush/shrub land increased by 18.21, 11.3 and 9.5 ha during the intervention period, and decreased after project phased–out by 3.92 and 7.2 ha at Debretsion (S-4) and Laelay wukro (S-5) watersheds. Furthermore, cultivated land increased after phased–out in most of the watersheds. Conclusions This study concluded that vegetation cover has been declined in all watersheds after the phased–out period. This may affect significantly the environment in general and livelihood of the community in particular. Therefore, there is a need to provide an emphasis after the implementation of watershed projects and evaluate its impacts regularly.


Author(s):  
Tirhas Gebregergs ◽  
Kassa Teka ◽  
Gebeyehu Taye ◽  
Eskinder Gidey ◽  
Oagile Dikinya

AbstractLand degradation in the form of soil erosion is one of the major causes for declining ecosystem functions in the northern highlands of Ethiopia including the Eastern Tigray. Hence, different integrated watershed management practices were introduced in the last few years to avert the problem. Currently, most of these practices are phased out. However, the status and challenges of these practices after phase-out are not well documented and required scientific research. On-field measurement from nine sample plots having a size of each 50 m*50 m at 200 m interval was conducted to assess the status and challenges of these practices. Results of the assessment showed that physical soil and water conservation structures were deteriorated by 47–64% after IWM project phased out. The key problems were lack of periodic maintenance, and limited support by biological conservation measures. The study results suggest that Watershed technologies are highly challenged after project phase-out. Hence, integration among the community, government and non-governmental organizations are needed to sustainably manage these resources.


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