Fattening of steers of Kalmyk breed in Yakutia with using of local natural mineral feed additives

The results of scientifi c and production experiment in fattening of steers of Kalmyk breed under farm environments of feeding have been presented in the article. The ration of the experimental group of steers included local natural mineral feed additives: Khongurinsky zeolite and Kempendyskaya salt, the deposit of them is located in the Suntarsky district in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It has been found when adding 200 g/head/day of zeolite and 45 g of salt to the ration for fattening steers the growth of young animals has increased by 12,0 % compared to the control group. The research has confi rmed the prospects of using local natural mineral feed additives in the ration of fattening steers in order to increase the growth and development of animals. In a short period of fattening after feeding (for 60 days), you can get an absolute gain in live weight from 40 to 50 kg with an average daily gain of 700–800 g with a daily feed consumption of 8 to 9 EFU with the fi nal live weight of 350 to 400 kg at the age of 18 months in farm environments of feeding. The feed conversion rate was 9,77. The level of profi tability from rearing of steers of Kalmyk breed by the age of 18 months has increased in comparison with the 15-month age, and in all age periods young Kalmyk cattle were more profi table than their herdmates of other local zoned breeds. For example, the superiority at 15 months of age was 8,2–3,5 %, at 18 months – 11,7–3,4 %. Economic calculations have shown that the prime-cost of 1 kg of meat at slaughter is 143,34 rubles, profi t per 1 ruble of costs – 2,14 rubles, profi tability – 186,13 %. Higher profi ts and profi tability obtained in the sale of the Kalmyk steers. Rational use of fattening-off and organization of fattening of steers leads to minimizing the prime-cost and increasing the effi ciency of beef cattle breeding in Yakutia.

The press-extruder in the line of obtaining protein-mineral additive

One of rational ways of obtaining high-protein feed with the use of soya is input into their composition of mineral substances which help to increase the amount of animal production. The purpose of the research was to identify the regularities of the process of obtaining soya and mineral additive. The technological scheme of preparation line of the soya and mineral additive had been proposed. The regularities of the process of obtaining soya and mineral composition on the sample layout press-extruder had been found. The mathematical models in the form of adequate equations of regression to describe the extrusion process soya mineral feed additives with the help of press-extruder of the screw type had been experimentally obtained. The optimal values of constructive-regime parameters under which is provided a mixture of mineral salt solution and soya with desired quality parameters and minimum energy consumption had been carried out.

Influence of the use of feed additives from local resources in diets on the digestibility of nutrients of Simmental cows in Yakutia

The article presents the results of experience in the application of feed additives from local resources in the diets of cows. As a result of the study, the positive effect of using feed additives from local resources in the diets of cows on the digestibility and assimilation of nutrients was proved. The digestibility of cow nutrients was higher in cows of the 2nd experimental group of the formula of feed additives No. 2. Thus, the cows of the 2nd experimental group, who received the recipe of feed additives No. 2 as part of the diet, better digested “raw” protein, fat, and fiber, which served as an additional source of energy for increasing milk productivity. The improvement in the digestibility of most nutrients in the diet is explained by the fact that protein-vitamin-mineral feed additives had a stimulating effect on the state of metabolic processes and the health of animals in general.

Local mineral feed additives in the rations of steers of Hereford breed

Animals imported to Yakutia from other regions fall into feeding and housing conditions that differ from their usual agro-climatic conditions, which causes the problem of their adaptation. Yakutia is one of the areas where the feed of its own production has a lack of basic minerals, which affects the health and productivity of animals, which has an additional negative influence on the adaptation process of imported cattle. In order to replenish macro- and microelements in the body, it is necessary to introduce various local mineral feed additives, premixes, and use mineral salts into the ration. Under the conditions of Central Yakutia the influence of local mineral feed additives (zeolite of the Khonguruu Deposit in the Suntar district and sapropels of local lakes) containing macro- and microelements that increase the meat productivity of steers has been studied. As a result of the research the influence of local mineral feed additives on meat productivity and physiological condition of Hereford steers has been established. Influence of zeolite and sapropel in a complex with mineral salts on digestibility of nutrients of the ration and use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus by experimental animals has been defined. The influence of feed additives on the quality of meat products has been studied. The results have shown that the use of local mineral feed additives in the composition of ration of steers during the fattening period at a dose of 0,7 g zeolite per 1 kg of live weight of the animal and 200 g of sapropel in combination with 10 g of mineral salts contributed to the gain in live weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, yield of edible parts, and economic efficiency of fattening. For the entire period of the experiment the gain in live weight in groups was: in control group 2222,9 kg, in the 1st experimental group 2396,2 kg, in the 2nd experimental group 2471,1 kg. The total economic effect for the 1st experimental group for the period of experiment amounted to 44,3 thousand Rubles, for the 2nd experimental group 78,0 thousand Rubles or per 1 head/day 14,06 and 24,76 Rubles, respectively.

Radioactivity of phosphate mineral products

The phosphate industry is one of the biggest polluters of the environment with uranium. Different products are derived after processing phosphoric ore, such as mineral and phosphate fertilizers and phosphate mineral supplements (dicalcium-and monocalcium phosphate) for animal feeding. Phosphate mineral additives used in animal food may contain a high activity of uranium. Research in this study should provide an answer to the extent in which phosphate mineral products (phosphate fertilizer and phosphate mineral feed additives) contribute to the contamination of soil, plants and animals.