Dietary Coleus amboinicus Lour. decreases ruminal methanogenesis and biohydrogenation, and improves meat quality and fatty acid composition in longissimus thoracis muscle of lambs

Background Methane production and fatty acids (FA) biohydrogenation in the rumen are two main constraints in ruminant production causing environmental burden and reducing food product quality. Rumen functions can be modulated by the biologically active compounds (BACs) of plant origins as shown in several studies e.g. reduction in methane emission, modulation of FA composition with positive impact on the ruminant products. Coleus amboinicus Lour. (CAL) contains high concentration of polyphenols that may potentially reduce methane production and modulate ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BAC of Coleus amboinicus Lour. (CAL) fed to growing lambs on ruminal methane production, biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA and meat characteristics. In this study, the in vitro experiment aiming at determining the most effective CAL dose for in vivo experiments was followed by two in vivo experiments in rumen-cannulated rams and growing lambs. Experiment 1 (RUSITEC) comprised of control and three experimental diets differing in CAL content (10%, 15%, and 20% of the total diet). The two in vivo experiments were conducted on six growing, rumen-cannulated lambs (Exp. 2) and 16 growing lambs (Exp. 3). Animals were assigned into the control (CON) and experimental (20% of CAL) groups. Several parameters were examined in vitro (pH, ammonia and VFA concentrations, protozoa, methanogens and select bacteria populations) and in vivo (methane production, digestibility, ruminal microorganism populations, meat quality, fatty acids profiles in rumen fluid and meat, transcript expression of 5 genes in meat). Results CAL lowered in vitro methane production by 51%. In the in vivo Exp. 3, CAL decreased methane production by 20% compared with the CON group, which corresponded to reduction of total methanogen counts by up to 28% in all experiments, notably Methanobacteriales. In Exp. 3, CAL increased or tended to increase populations of some rumen bacteria (Ruminococcus albus, Megasphaera elsdenii, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens). Dietary CAL suppressed the Holotricha population, but increased or tended to increase Entodiniomorpha population in vivo. An increase in the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) proportion in the rumen of lambs was noted in response to the CAL diet, which was mainly attributable to the increase in C18:3 cis-9 cis-12 cis-15 (LNA) proportion. CAL reduced the mRNA expression of four out of five genes investigated in meat (fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, lipoprotein lipase, and fatty acid desaturase 1). Conclusions Summarizing, polyphenols of CAL origin (20% in diet) mitigated ruminal methane production by inhibiting the methanogen communities. CAL supplementation also improved ruminal environment by modulating ruminal bacteria involved in fermentation and biohydrogenation of FA. Besides, CAL elevated the LNA concentration, which improved meat quality through increased deposition of n-3 PUFA.

Efek anti radang ekstrak torbangun (Coleus amboinicus) pada induksi cisplatin tikus putih wistar

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis aktivitas ekstrak torbangun (Coleus amboinicus) terhadap biokimia darah dan gambaran histopatologi ginjal pada induksi cisplatin pada tikus putih Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 tikus putih galur Wistar yang terbagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif dengan pemberian plasebo (P0), kelompok kontrol positif berupa induksi cisplatin dengan pemberian CMC-Na 0.1 % (P1), dan kelompok induksi cisplatin dengan pemberian ekstrak torbangun 500 mg/ kg bb (P2). Pembuatan nefropati pada kelompok perlakuan dengan injeksi intra peritoneal hari ke-4 dosis tunggal cisplatin 5 mg/kg bb. Seluruh kelompok tikus dikorbankan dan diambil sampel darah untuk diukur kadar blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum kreatinin (SK) dan alkalin phospatase (ALP) sebagai tes fungsi ginjal. Sampel organ fiksasi dengan BNF 10 % untuk histopatologi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak Coleus amboinicus menurunkan konsentrasi BUN, serum kreatinin, dan alkalin phospatase pada kelompok dengan ekstrak torbangun (P2) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif (p<0,05). Analisis histopatologi terlihat perdarahan multifokal, infiltrasi interstisial, adanya adesi membrane capsula glomerulus dan nekrotik tubular secara difus pada kelompok kontrol positif dengan induksi cisplatin (P1). Kerusakan pada glomerulus dan tubulus ginjal lebih ringan pada kelompok yang diberi eksrak torbangun (P2). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan pemberian ekstrak torbangun dapat menormalkan gambaran biokimia darah dan menghambat kerusakan ginjal dengan cara menghambat keradangan pada induksi cisplatin pada tikus putih.

Review: Profil Fitokimia dan Multipotensi dari Coleus amboinicus (Lour.)

<p><em>Coleus amboinicus</em><em> </em>(Lour.) merupakan tanaman obat tradisional yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat dan telah diteliti secara ekstensif serta dilaporkan di beberapa bidang ilmu pengetahuan. Penulisan review artikel ini didasarkan pada studi literatur tahun 1993 hingga tahun 2021, yang diperoleh dari database google scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, dan lainnya. Tanaman ini merupakan tanaman semak aromatis, berbunga, namun jarang berbiji dan dapat diperbanyak secara vegetatif. Profil senyawa fitokimianya dapat digolongkan menjadi beberapa kelas yang berbeda seperti terpenoid, fenolik, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, steroid dan tanin. Tanaman <em>C. amboinicus</em><em> </em>(Lour.) kaya akan komponen fenolik seperti asam rosmarinat dan asam kafeat, dengan mayoritas komponen volatil utamanya yaitu karvakrol. Profil fitokimia <em>C. amboinicus</em><em> </em>(Lour.) dapat bervariasi tergantung pada berbagai faktor, seperti lingkungan, keanekaragaman genetik, bagian tanaman yang digunakan, maupun metode dan proses ekstraksi. Potensi farmakologinya seperti antibakteri, antifungi, antioksidan, antikanker, antiinflamasi, antidiabetes, antihiperlipidemia, antimalaria serta laktagoga telah banyak dilaporkan. Selain itu, tanaman ini juga dimanfaatkan dalam kuliner serta sintesis biogenik senyawa nanopartikel. Eksplorasi dari tanaman <em>C. amboinicus</em><em> </em>(Lour.) juga merambah kepada mikroorganisme endofitnya, dan dikaitkan dengan kemampuannya untuk menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif yang potensial sebagai antibakteri, agen biokontrol serta produksi enzim selulase. Review artikel ini memberikan informasi terkait botani, fitokimia, farmakologi, sintesis biogenik, pemanfaatan lainnya serta eksplorasi mikroorganisme endofitnya. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat menjadi sumber informasi untuk pengembangan potensi <em>C. amboinicus</em><em> </em>(Lour.) yang semakin meluas.</p>

Dietary Coleus Amboinicus Herb Decreases Ruminal Methanogenesis and Biohydrogenation, and Improves Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Composition in Longissimus Thoracis of Lambs

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of biologically active compounds (BAC) of Coleus amboinicus Lour. (CAL) herb fed to growing lambs on ruminal methane production, ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids and meat characteristics. An in vitro trial (Experiment 1) comprising of control and three experimental diets (CAL constituting 10%, 15%, and 20% of the total diet) was conducted to determine an effective dose for in vivo experiments. After the in vitro trial, two in vivo experiments were conducted on six growing, rumen-cannulated lambs (Experiment 2) and 16 growing lambs (Experiment 3), which were assigned into the control (CON) and one experimental diet (20% of CAL). Several parameters were examined in vitro (pH, ammonia and VFA concentrations, protozoa, methanogens and select bacteria populations) and in vivo (methane production, digestibility, ruminal microorganism populations, meat quality, fatty acids profiles in rumen fluid and meat, transcript expression of 5 genes in meat). Results: The CAL lowered in vitro methane production by 51%. In the in vivo experiments, lambs fed CAL decreased methane production by 20% compared with the CON animals (Experiment 3), which corresponded to the reduced total methanogens counts in all experiments up to 28%, notably Methanobacteriales. In Experiment 3, CAL increased or tended to increase the numbers of Ruminococcus albus, Megasphaeraelsdenii, Butyrivibrioproteoclasticus, and Butyrivibriofibrisolvens. Dietary CAL suppressed the Holotricha population, but increased or tended to increase Entodiniomorpha population in Experiments 2 and 3. An increase in the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) proportion in the rumen of lambs was noted in response to the CAL diet, which was mainly attributable to the increase in C18:3 cis-9 cis-12 cis-15 (LNA) proportion. The CAL reduced the mRNA expressions of four investigated genes in meat (fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, lipoprotein lipase, and fatty acid desaturase 1). Conclusions:Summarizing, polyphenols of CAL (20% in diet) origin can mitigate ruminal methane production by inhibiting the methanogens communities. Supplementation of CAL also provides favorable conditions in the rumen by modulating ruminal bacteria involved in fermentation and biohydrogenation of fatty acids. CAL elevated the LNA concentration, which led to improved meat quality through increased deposition of n-3 PUFA.

Differences in Infant Weight Gain between Mothers who Consumed Bangun-Bangun Tea (Coleus amboinicus Lour) and Katuk Leaf Tea (Saoropus androgynous)

Breast milk is a complete nutrient content that is needed for the growth and development of children. The quality and quantity of breast milk depends on several factors, one of which is the food consumed. Efforts to improve the quality and quantity of breast milk are done both traditionally and modernly, one of which is by consuming the leaves and katuk leaves that have been packaged more practically in the form of tea so as to facilitate nursing mothers in consuming it. This study aims to find out if there is a difference in baby weight gain between mothers who consume wake-up leaf tea (Coleus amboinicus Lour) and mothers who consume katuk leaf tea (Saoropus androgynus). The study used quasi-experimental methods of both groups given different treatments. Comparison of values in both groups to determine the comparison of infant weight gain. The sample count in this study was 30 respondents divided into two groups that were adjusted to the inclusion criteria. Analyze the data using independent sample t-test. The results of the study that there was no significant difference in infant weight gain between mothers who consumed wake-up leaf tea and mothers who consumed katuk leaf tea with a p-value of 0.061. Conclusion Tea Leaves Wake-Up (Coleus amboinicus Lour) and Katuk Leaf Tea (Saoropus androgynus) can increase the weight of the baby.

Pendampingan Budidaya dan Pengolahan Nutrasetikal Daun Bangun-bangun Untuk Ibu Rumah Tangga

Warga dawis Arbey RT 04 RW 04 Kelurahan Sampangan Semarang sebagian besar adalah ibu rumah tangga usia produktif. Lingkungan di daerah ini masih belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal sehingga mendorong pentingnya didirikan kelompok usaha yang memanfaatkan pekarangan rumah. untuk budidaya tanaman obat. Salah satu contoh TOGA yang mudah ditanam adalah daun bangun-bangun (Coleus amboinicus). Daun bangun-bangun berkhasiat sebagai pelancar ASI dengan dibuat menjadi jus siap minum. Pengembangan produk jus daun bangun-bangun perlu didukung oleh sarana prasarana, organisasi, SDM (Sumber Daya Manusia) dan pemasaran. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan ketrampilan pada warga membudidayakan, mengolah produk daun bangun-bangun dan memasarkannya. Terdapat 2 metode yang digunakan yaitu penyuluhan dan praktik langsung. Materi penyuluhan adalah cara budidaya, pengolahan dan pemasaran jus daun bangun-bangun. Metode kedua adalah praktik budidaya dan pembuatan jus daun bangun-bangun. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu 15 orang peserta berhasil membudidayakan tanaman bangun-bangun.Most of the residents of dawis Arbey RT 04 RW 04 Kelurahan Sampangan Semarang are housewives of productive age. The environment in this area is still not optimally utilized, thus encouraging the importance of establishing business groups that utilize house yards. for the cultivation of medicinal plants. One example of TOGA that is easy to plant is the leaves of bangun-bangun (Coleus amboinicus). The leaves of the wakes have the effect of facilitating breast milk by being made into ready-to-drink juice. The development of leaf juice products needs to be supported by infrastructure, organization, human resources (human resources) and marketing. This service activity aims to provide skills to residents to cultivate, process leaf-building products and market them. There are 2 methods used, namely counseling and direct practice. The extension material is the method of cultivating, processing and marketing the juice from the leaves. The second method is the practice of cultivating and making leaf juice. The result of this service activity was that 15 participants succeeded in cultivating bangun-bangun.

Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activities of Coleus amboinicus Lour. Cultivated in Indonesia and Poland

Coleus amboinicus Lour., Lamiaceae, is a perennial herb that is native to Indonesia and also cultivated in Africa, Asia and Australia. The major phytochemicals responsible for its bioactivity are rosmarinic acid (RA) and its analogues, flavonoids and abietane diterpenoids. The possibility of cultivation in a colder climate would extend the use of this herb and provide new opportunities to herb growers and livestock farmers. Our study to compare feed value and phytochemical composition of C. amboinicus plants cultivated in its original region, Indonesia, and in Poland. The crude protein content was significantly higher in plants cultivated in Indonesia compared to those cultivated in Poland—21% and 13% of dry matter, respectively. The higher ADF contents were detected in C. amboinicus cultivated in Indonesia, 38–41%, in comparison to 34% in plants cultivated in Poland. The phytochemical composition was also significantly influenced by the cultivation location. Polish samples were higher in polyphenols (RA and its analogues), and also had 1.5–2-fold higher antioxidant potential, as measured by DPPH scavenging, phosphomolybdenum reduction and Fenton reaction driven lipid peroxidation. The Indonesian samples contained more diterpenoid compounds, such as dihydroxyroyleanone, and the sum of terpenoids was ca. 10 times higher than in samples from Poland (15.59–23.64 vs. 1.87 µg/g of extracts). In conclusion, C. amboinicus is suitable for cultivation in non-optimal climatic conditions but some nutritional properties and bioactivity are significantly affected.

Peningkatan Produksi Susu Kambing Peranakan Etawah Melalui Pemberian Coleus amboinicus Lour dan Sauropus androgynus L. Merr

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Coleus amboinicus L. (daun bangun-bangun) dan Sauropus androgynus L. Merr (daun katuk) terhadap produksi susu kambing Peranakan Etawah. Enam belas ekor kambing Peranakan Etawah laktasi digunakan pada penelitian ini dengan rancangan acak kelompok 4 x 4. Perlakuan P0 = 30% konsentrat +70% hijauan, P1= P0+6 g/kg BK Coleus amboinicus L., P2 = P0+6 g/kg BK Sauropus androgynus L. Merr, dan P3 =3 g/kg BK Coleus amboinicus L. +3 g/kg BK Sauropus androgynus L. Merr. Peubah yang diamati adalah konsumsi ransum (bahan kering, protein kasar, lemak kasar, serat kasar, Ca dan P), produksi susu dan kualitas susu (bahan kering, bahan kering tanpa lemak, lemak, protein, casein dan berat jenis). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA, jika berbeda nyata antar perlakuan dilakukan uji lanjut berganda Duncan. Perlakuan pemberian Coleus amboinicus L. dan Sauropus androgynus L. Merr tidak memengaruhi konsumsi bahan kering (BK) pakan, protein kasar (PK), lemak kasar (LK), serat kasar (SK), Ca dan P (P0,05). Perlakuan Coleus amboinicus L. dan Sauropus androgynus L. Merr dapat meningkatkan produksi susu (P0,05), namun tidak memengaruhi kualitas susu (bahan kering, bahan kering tanpa lemak, lemak, protein dan casein) (P0.05) dan sangat nyata memengaruhi berat jenis (BJ) susu kambing Peranakan Etawah (P0,01). Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian Coleus amboinicus L. dan Sauropus androgynus L. Merr dapat meningkatkan produksi susu, tetapi tidak memengaruhi konsumsi ransum dan kualitas susu. (Increased production of Etawah cross-breed goat milk by giving Coleus amboinicus Lour and Sauropus androgynus L. Merr) ABSTRACT. This study intended to determine the effect of Coleus amboinicus L. and Sauropus androgynus L. Mers on Etawah crossbreed goat milk production. Sixteen lactating Etawah crossbred goats were used in the 4 x 4 randomized block experiment consisted of four treatments, P0 = 30% concentrate + 70% forage, P1 = P0 + 6 g/kg Coleus amboinicus L., P2 = P0 + 6 g/kg Sauropus androgynus L. Merr and P3 = 3 g/kg Coleus amboinicus L. + 3 g/kg Sauropus androgynus L. Merr on dry matter basis. The variables measured were consumption (dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, Ca and P), milk production and milk quality (dry matter, milk solid non fat, protein, specific gravity). Data were analyzed by ANOVA, if there were differences between treatments, Duncan's multiple-test was carried out. The result showed that, the addition of Coleus amboinicus L. and Sauropus androgynus L. Merr in ration did not affect dry matter consumption, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, Ca and P (P0.05). Coleus amboinicus L and Sauropus androgynus L. Merr significantly increased milk production (P0.05), and highly affected specific gravity of Etawah crossbreed goat milk (P 0.01), but did not affect milk quality (dry matter, dry ingredients non fat, protein fat and casein) (P0.05). It could be concluded that the addition of Coleus amboinicus L. and Sauropus androgynus L. Merr increased milk production, but did not affect consumption and milk quality.