Modeling corruption perception effects on non-electoral participation in Morocco (2018-2019)

Theoretical literature has two competing theories about the effects of corruption on society: the first group sees corruption as something that "Greases the Wheels of" the administrative and economic systems of countries and the second group calls it something that "Sands the Wheels" of those systems. This study examines the direct and indirect effects of corruption perceptions among Moroccan citizens on the non-electoral participation using the fifth wave data of the Arab barometer, assuming the first group's ideas. The fifth wave of this data was obtained in 2019-2018 and surveyed 2400 Moroccan citizens. Testing the hypothesis through the SEM indicate that, first, corruption perception has a direct positive and significant effect on the citizens' negative evaluation of the government performance and it increases the political distrust among citizens indirectly and significantly. Secondly, the results indicate that although perceptions of corruption by citizens do not directly have a significant effect on non-electoral participation, because all the mediating variables are significant, it can be argued that perceptions of corruption can have a positive impact on the expansion of non-electoral participation among citizens indirectly and it can happen through the variables of poor government performance and political distrust.

Determinants of Economic Growth in the European Union Countries

This paper reassesses the long-debated relationship between the financial system development and economic growth. We use not only indicators for financial access, efficiency, stability and depth of the bank-oriented financial sector, but we also consider Eurozone membership, corruption perception and competitiveness of countries to examine the determinants of economic growth. We apply a panel data approach to 27 European countries over the 2004–2017 period. By splitting the time span, we examine whether the effect of financial system development, Eurozone membership, corruption perception and competitiveness on economic growth is affected by the occurrence of financial and debt crises. Our results indicate that loans to private sector do not always support economic growth. Our research also reveals that corruption perception has a negative impact on economic growth, and so does membership in Eurozone during a crisis.

The Impact of Tax Audit and Corruption Perception on Tax Evasion

This study is aimed to determine the impact of tax audit intensity and perception of corruption on tax evasion activities. Some research that explains the impact of tax audit on tax evasion tends to give a varied result one and another. It is reasonable to assume that there is another factor that simultaneously influences tax evasion. Tax audit and perception of corruption were chosen because of their relevance and intertwine relation in tax authorities function and program, namely tax enforcement and the eradication of corruption. This research is also in line with the challenges faced by many countries in increasing tax compliance. We conduct a panel data regression method with a fixed effect model. We found that tax audit proved insignificant to tax evasion, and perception of corruption positively significant to tax evasion. We conclude that corruption significantly increases tax evasion and undermine the benefit of tax audit

BUSINESS ETHICS. CORRUPTION PERCEPTION ANALYSIS

This paper examines corruption from the perspective of business ethics. It is known that corruption negatively affects the development of countries in several ways: it reduces growth, chases away foreign investors and channels investments, loans and aid funds, the so-called White Elephant Projects. Corruption has a very high price for the poorest, who are denied access to basic goods and services, and this paper shows that the poor suffer the most from corruption. Based on the annual index provided by Transparency International, it can be observed that, in general, some of the richest countries in the world (like: Finland, Denmark, New Zealand, Canada, Iceland, Singapore and Sweden) consistently record a low level of corruption.

The Role of Economic Freedom in Interpreting Corruption Perception

The main purpose of the study is to examine the nexus between corruption and economic freedom to determine the most influencing factors to be focused on to reduce corruption. With this aim, two different machine learning algorithms are performed to find out the single effect, two-way, and three-way interaction effects of factors affecting corruption. As a result of the analysis, tax burden, government integrity, and government spending are the main indicators to be focused on to improve corruption steadily. Besides, critical thresholds of the tax burden, government integrity, and government spending are 83.3, 50.9, and 40.6, respectively. Since there are a limited number of studies to predict corruption by machine learning algorithms in the extant literature, this research provides highly detailed information to policy-makers where they can focus on reducing corruption perception.

Corruption-Driven Inequalities in Access to Adult Education

The article aims to show that taking into account diverse characteristics of the wider social environment is indispensable for a better understanding of participation in adult education (PAE). It explores the association of corruption as a macro factor with PAE, arguing for an integrated approach to PAE. By using two indexes for corruption at country level Corruption Perception Index and the Index of Public Integrity—and micro-data for adults aged 25–64 from 29 European countries in the Adult Education Survey, 2016, as well as by applying random-effects logit models, this study has demonstrated that a country's higher corruption level is associated with the lower probability of PAE. Our article also reveals that the relationships between individual-level variables such as gender, higher education, social background, and PAE are embedded in a wider social milieu, and corruption is an essential characteristic of that milieu which deepens some of the inequalities in PAE.

Коррупция и государство в Сахеле

Начиная с 2000 гг. новые инструменты оценки борьбы с коррупцией создают нелестный образ госу-дарств Сахеля. Согласно наиболее известному из них – Списку стран по восприятию коррупции (Corruption Perception Index, CPI), составляемому международной неправительственной организацией Transparency International, в 2016 г. практически все страны региона попали в группу государств с эндемической коррупцией. Однако восприятие коррупции внутри группы варьирует: Сенегал и Буркина Фасо считаются менее коррумпированными, чем Мали и Нигер, которые, в свою очередь, вы-глядят лучше Мавритании и особенно Чада, входящего в список 20 наиболее коррумпированных стран мира – вместе с Бурунди, Гаити, Центральноафриканской Республикой и Демократической Республи-кой Конго. Однако эти чисто количественные и вырванные из контекста измерения проливают мало света на социальное и культурное обрамление повседневной коррупции. Настоящая статья опирается на качественные эмпирические полевые исследования, ведущиеся автором в Нигере, Сенегале и Мавритании. Starting in the early 2000s, new means of measurement produced by the international anticorruption indus-try cast a rather unflattering light on the Sahelian countries, stigmatizing them for their lack of public integ-rity. In 2016 the best known of these tools, Transparency International’s “Corruption Perception Index” ranked all Sahelian countries, excepting (barely) Senegal, as states with systemic corruption (a score lower than 43). Perceptions vary from country to country: Senegal and Burkina Faso are reputedly less corrupt than Mali and Niger; these two are, in turn, more virtuous than Mauritania, and even more so than Chad. These approaches, purely quantitative and decontextualized, shed little light on how corruption is socially and culturally embedded in everyday life. In contrast, this article is based on qualitative empirical studies and on the author’s own research in Niger, Senegal, and Mauritania.

Kabir Wealth Code: The combined effect of emotional awareness (EA) and intelligence quotient (IQ)

Background: Intelligence quotient (IQ) is a measure of intellectual ability of performing, comprehension, and learning. Previous studies reported that intelligence measures predict various measures of job performance and income. Emotional awareness (EA) is the measure of emotional capacity to recognize and make sense of one’s emotions, as well as those of others. A high level of emotional awareness (EA) indicates one can learn from expressed emotions quickly. Both IQ and EA are important for personal and professional success.Objective: This study tests the hypothesis that the average national income rank is best predicted by the combined effect of the population's average intelligence quotient (one's ability to perform and learn) and emotional awareness (ability to recognize and make sense of emotions).Method: The population’s average intelligence quotient (IQ), emotional awareness (EA), and indices of good governance, which include corruption perception index and educational expenses for each country, were obtained from public data sources. The outcome variable was per capita gross national income. All the variables that are statistically significant in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate regression analyses but excluded from the final model if not statistically significant.Result: The total number of countries included in the final analysis was 81 because of missing values in different variables. Intelligence quotient (IQ) and emotional awareness (EA) were found to be highly correlated, at 0.77 and 0.32 respectively, with the per capita gross national income. The independent effects of intelligence quotient (IQ) and emotional awareness (EA) were found significant in the multivariate model after adjusting for measures of good governance. The R square value for the final multivariate model was 0.82. The corruption perception index (CPI) and educational expenses were strongly correlated with other measures of good governance such as democracy index, functioning of government, electoral process and pluralism, political participation, and civil liberty, but these variables were found not significant in the multivariate model. Conclusion: The study concludes the effect of intelligence quotient (IQ) and emotional awareness (EA) are complementary to each other but intelligence quotient (IQ) is a stronger predictor than emotional awareness (EA) for gross national income or wealth. We also find that indicators of good governance, including corruption perception index and educational expenses, have important associations with per capita gross national income. This study implies a nation may build more wealth if the educational system focuses on developing emotional awareness in addition to intelligence. The study concludes the effect of intelligence quotient (IQ) and emotional awareness (EA) are complementary to each other but intelligence quotient (IQ) is a stronger predictor than emotional awareness (EA) for gross national income or wealth. We also find that indicators of good governance, including corruption perception index and educational expenses, have important associations with per capita gross national income. This study implies a nation may build more wealth if the educational system focuses on developing emotional awareness in addition to intelligence.

A nexus between corruption, money laundering (ML) and inflation: evidence from South Asian countries

Purpose Many studies of corruption and money laundering (ML) have been conducted throughout the previous few decades. The impact of corruption and ML on economic growth, banking performance and corporate financial performance has been the focus of various research. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between ML, corruption and inflation. Design/methodology/approach This study used the panel data of five South Asian countries from 2013 to 2019 (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal). Further, fixed effect (FE) and random effect (RE) econometric regression models are used to analyze the data. Additionally, generalized methods of moment (GMM) technique is used to check the results robustness. Findings This study discovered that corruption and ML have a significant and positive link with inflation in five South Asian nations using the corruption perception index and the anti-money laundering (AML) index. Practical implications This research advises that government authorities strengthen anti-corruption and AML laws enforcement. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that explains the linkage between corruption, ML and inflation in five south Asian nations.