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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Taeha Paik ◽  
Timothy G. Pollock ◽  
Steven Boivie ◽  
Donald Lange ◽  
Peggy M. Lee

We investigate how the relationship between status and performance decouples over time by addressing two questions: (1) how performance affects the likelihood that an actor achieves high status and (2) how achieving high status affects the actor’s subsequent performance. In doing so, we focus on the role repeated certification contests play, where evaluators assess actors’ performance along particular dimensions and confer high status on the contest winners. Using the context of sell-side (brokerage) equity analysts and the “All-Star” list from Institutional Investor magazine, we first investigate whether analysts who make the All-Star list are more likely to produce accurate and/or independent forecasts. Then, we investigate analyst performance after recent and multiple wins. Our results demonstrate the decoupling of status and performance over time and the roles played by both the high-status actor and the social evaluators conferring their status. Whereas analyst performance increases the likelihood of being designated an All-Star, recent and multiple All-Star designations differentially affect both how subsequent performance is assessed, and how the All-Star analysts subsequently perform. In the short term, achieving high status can increase performance and solidify an analyst’s status position; however, in the long term, it can lead to lower performance and eventually result in status loss, which further erodes performance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arsen Nahum Pasaribu ◽  
Erikson Saragih ◽  
Agustinus Gea

The study of politeness in education setting interaction has increased in last decades. However, the investigation of politeness strategies in lecturer-student interaction using WhatsApp is relatively unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to explore politeness strategies used by a lecturer and students in virtual communication using WhatsApp during thesis consultation.  The researcher applied a mixed method: qualitative and quantitative research to discover the politeness phenomena in WhatsApp interaction. The participants of the study were 10 undergraduate students of English Department, University of HKBP Nommensen, and a lecturer as their thesis consultant. The data of the study consist of 50 screenshots of WhatsApp chats  thesis consultation. The results show that all four types of politeness strategies were found in lecture-students interaction. The politeness strategies used by the lecturer and students differ greatly. The lecturer dominantly employed bald on-record (30. 93%) with the most imperative sentences realization; on the other hand, the students tend to use positive politeness strategy (23.20%) with the most greetings realization. This demonstrates that lecturers keep their distance when communicating, whereas students attempt to “get closer” during the interaction. The different politeness strategy choices are caused by the different power and social status (position) factors between lecturers and students. The findings of this study also show that the politeness strategies chosen by lecturers and students are not always consistent with previous similar studies.


Author(s):  
Milad Mirbabaie ◽  
Felix Brünker ◽  
Nicholas R. J. Möllmann ◽  
Stefan Stieglitz

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is being increasingly integrated into enterprises to foster collaboration within humanmachine teams and assist employees with work-related tasks. However, introducing AI may negatively impact employees’ identifications with their jobs as AI is expected to fundamentally change workplaces and professions, feeding into individuals’ fears of being replaced. To broaden the understanding of the AI identity threat, the findings of this study reveal three central predictors for AI identity threat in the workplace: changes to work, loss of status position, and AI identity predicting AI identity threat in the workplace. This study enriches information systems literature by extending our understanding of collaboration with AI in the workplace to drive future research in this field. Researchers and practitioners understand the implications of employees’ identity when collaborating with AI and comprehend which factors are relevant when introducing AI in the workplace.


2021 ◽  
pp. 019027252110423
Author(s):  
Jon Overton

It is well known in social psychology that people are judged by the company they keep, but when and how does that company affect how individuals are evaluated? This article extends expectation states theory to explain associative status. The theory predicts that the status value of former coworkers will “spill over” to positively predict a person’s status position in a new task with new coworkers. A series of crowdsourced experiments finds that status spreads to a person from a former interaction partner. The status of one’s associates predicts deference behavior only when the previous and current task contexts rely on similar abilities. Meanwhile, explicitly evaluated status and performance expectations respond to the status of associates regardless of how interaction contexts are related. The present findings highlight the importance of role relationships and task contexts as moderators that regulate whether status transfers from one person to another.


Author(s):  
Syahriza Alkohir Anggoro ◽  
Tunggul Anshari Setia Negara

Abstract This article examines the trajectories of adat law in Indonesia by looking at the extent to which legal pluralism has been constitutionalized. This article argues that the formation of the 1945 Constitution, which was driven by the political motivation of legal unification, did not produce inclusive constitutional provisions recognizing the jurisdiction of adat law and enabled practice of legal centralism during authoritarian regimes of Soekarno (1959–1966) and Soeharto (1967–1998). Although post-New Order democratization and decentralization offered political opportunities for indigenous peoples’ movements to promote legal pluralism and reconcile their marginalized traditional rights, Indonesia has made little progress as the conditional recognition approach adopted through constitutional amendments poses significant obstacles for legitimizing adat law norms as part of the plurilegal order. This article offers historical interpretation to the status, position and legal consequences of adat law in Indonesian legal system from its independence until the beginning of reformasi era.


2021 ◽  
pp. 136754942110060
Author(s):  
Jean-François Nault ◽  
Shyon Baumann ◽  
Clayton Childress ◽  
Craig M Rawlings

Are higher status cultural tastes in the modern United States better described as being inclusive and broad or exclusive and narrow? We construct an original dataset in response to conflicting answers to this question. We fill a major gap in the literature on cultural tastes by simultaneously considering taste for both musical genres and artists within genres. By examining the compositional balance of respondents’ taste portfolios, we reconcile seemingly incommensurate theoretical frameworks of class homology and omnivorousness. The results indicate that an omnivorous disposition to music is a relatively middle-status position in the social structure. In contrast, positions characterized by higher levels of cultural capital map onto exclusive and narrower tastes for consecrated culture.


Author(s):  
Ruth Wodak

This paper presents results from a comparative and qualitative discourse-historical analysis of governmental crisis communication in Austria, Germany, France, Hungary and Sweden, during the global COVID-19 pandemic lockdown from March 2020 to May 2020 (a ‘discourse strand’). By analysing a sample of important speeches and press conferences by government leaders (all performing as the ‘face of crisis management’), it is possible to deconstruct a range of discursive strategies announcing/legitimising restrictive measures in order to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic where everybody is in danger of falling ill, regardless of their status, position, education and so forth. I focus on four frames that have been employed to mitigate the ‘dread of death’ (Bauman, 2006) and counter the ‘denial of death’ (Becker, 1973/2020): a ‘religious frame’, a ‘dialogic frame’, a frame emphasising ‘trust’, and a frame of ‘leading a war’. These interpretation frameworks are all embedded in ‘renationalising’ tendencies, specifically visible in the EU member states where even the Schengen Area was suddenly abolished (in order to ‘keep the virus out’) and borders were closed. Thus, everybody continues to be confronted with national biopolitics and body politics (Wodak, 2021).<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Most governments employed specific modes of crisis communication vis-à-vis the COVID-19 pandemic, depending on the respective socio-political context and historical tradition.</li><br /><li>Crisis communication attempted to persuade people to follow restrictive measures; the legitimation strategies employed usually appealed to authority and quasi-rational arguments; however, sometimes mythopoesis occurred.</li><br /><li>In times of a pandemic, denial of death does not work anymore; dread of death becomes ubiquitous.</li><br /><li>Four macro-frames, embedded in nativist and nationalistic rhetoric, were used to argue for, and legitimise restrictive measures. Some heads of state (or prime ministers) instrumentalised the crisis to install ever more authoritarian practices.</li></ul>


Author(s):  
LYIDMILA V. KORTENKO ◽  
◽  
SVETLANA V. SMOLYAKOVA ◽  
KSENIYA S. KORTENKO ◽  
◽  
...  

The aim of the research is to (i) consider the role of proper names in the stories of A. P. Chekhov, to (ii) determine the significance of combinations of common names with proper names in revealing the author's position and creating a humorous effect, and also to (iii) identify frequent word-building patterns for the anthroponyms. Literature analysis on theoretical issues of artificial and natural names as well as studying practical examples from onomastics and anthroponymy realms enabled to specify the functions of combinations of common nouns with proper names. These names are part of the plot, conveying ideological messages, concentrating meaning, structure and content. Combinations of proper names and common nouns characterize the style of the writer. In the stories analyzed, common names contain a direct indication of status, position, rank, while proper names metaphorically portray the character or highlight the dominant of his/her personality and convey the author's message concerning evaluation of the image. Linguistic analysis of word-building patterns has shown that most surnames of the characters in the stories of A. P. Chekhov are formed by suffixation from common names, and they are the result of the author's word-making, another way to implicitly evaluate characters. In Chekhov's word combinations, proper and common names are interrelated and opposed.


2021 ◽  
pp. 126-138
Author(s):  
Tatiana L. Vorobyeva ◽  

The article explores the transformation of the traditional reading model in the conditions of the modern information society and digital culture. The author considers the problem in the anthropological aspect as a radical cognitive restructuring of reading perception and modernization of reading practices. This requires a revision of the essential concepts of the reading theory and of methodological approaches to their study. Firstly, this concerns texts that change their nature in the digital environment and acquire a multimodal polycode character. Changing the medium and the way in which it is recorded leads to a change from linear, sequential reading to a parallel, divergent way of reader’s thinking, which significantly affects the depth of attention and understanding of the text. In this regard, researchers note the gradual replacement of slow, thoughtful reading by widely used scanning techniques, superficial search reading that realizes specific pragmatic goals. The modern reading model replaces the traditional, consolidating function with a differentiating one, related to the stratification of the readership and the formation of different reading subcultures and online reading communities. Internet reading, which is especially popular among young people, is becoming “social”, aiming at active online communication and the creation of its own fanfiction content. This removes the institutional distance between the author and the reader, and significantly changes the status position of reading, which loses its role as a terminal value and becomes a secondary, collateral occupation. Reader differentiation is also evident in the mental digital generational divide; reading practices of adherents of the traditional reading model become increasingly elitist in today’s socio-cultural context. This gap is exacerbated by the current trend towards the visualisation of reading, which accelerates perception of information but negates essential reading competencies. The transformation of the reading model has deep historical roots and is legitimate, so the reader’s ability to be “multitextual”, i.e. to switch to different modes of perception, choosing different reading strategies depending on the text and the situations, is important today This can be facilitated by education and book publishing that adapt to the characteristics of the new reading model.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2020) (2) ◽  
pp. 395-457
Author(s):  
Edvard Protner

In the foreword, we outline the situation in the field of education in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, so that we can later in the text further analyse the goals and visions of the school reform efforts of teachers organized in local associations and two prominent pedagogical theorists. In doing so, we limit ourselves to the activities of primary school teachers and primary school legislation. In the central part of the text we describe the efforts to improve the financial and status position of teachers, the efforts to systematically reform primary education, the efforts to overcome the ideological divisiveness of the two most powerful teacher associations, and the efforts to unify teachers' associations throughout the kingdom. At the end, we outline the three most important programming texts on the reform of education in the new country and try to identify the pedagogical theoretical influences that are characteristic of the period between the two wars.


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