cassava peels
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2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
V. A. ELEGBEDE ◽  
E. O. A. OLUWALANA ◽  
A. M. SHITTU

In this article, the Enterprise assessment across cassava peels value chain in Ogun State Nigeria is examined. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 180 cassava processors and marketers. Socio-economic data were obtained from respondents with the use of pre-tested questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, budgetary technique, Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Student t-test. The study found that majority (84.3% and 52.8%) of processors of cassava peels and marketers were female. In addition, 60.2% of the processors and 51.4% of the marketers had secondary education. The value chain activities carried out by processors were transportation, drying and packaging while marketers transported, packaged and put the peels in storage for future sales. The SFA revealed that cost of labour (p<0.01) and quantity of fresh cassava peels (p<0.01) were the main determinants of output of dried cassava peels by the processors. The inefficiency model revealed that the efficiency of producing dried cassava peels increased with increase in age (p<0.01), credit access (p<0.01), household size (p<0.01) and membership of cooperative society (p<0.01). Furthermore, the cost function revealed that cost of sieving (p<0.05) and depreciation on capital item (p<0.01) increased the production cost of dried cassava peels. The mean technical, allocative and economic efficiency of producing dried cassava peels were estimated as 94%, 83% and 78% respectively. This study concluded that production of cassava peels is efficient and its trade is profitable. The study recommends that cassava processors and marketers should form cooperative groups to increase access to credit for higher output and trade of peels.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeolu A. Awoyale ◽  
David Lokhat ◽  
Patrick Okete

AbstractLignocellulosic biomass is an important source of renewable energy and a potential replacement for fossil fuels. In this work, the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method was used to analyze the elemental composition of raw and pretreated lignocellulosic biomass of cassava peels, corn cobs, rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, yam peels, and mixtures of cassava peels and yam peels, corn cobs and rice husks and all five biomass samples combined. The influence of particle size on elemental properties was investigated by screening the selected biomass into two size fractions, of an average of 300 and 435 µm, respectively. The total concentration of Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ni, Br, Mo, Ba, Hg, and Pb were determined for each of the biomass samples before and after the different pretreatments adopted in this study. From the results of the analysis, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of calcium in all the analyzed biomass after the alkaline pretreatment with rice husks biomass having the lowest concentration of 66 ppm after the alkaline pretreatment. The sulfur content of the acid pretreated biomass increased considerably which is likely due to the sulfuric acid used for the acid pretreatment. The fact that a mixture of biomass feedstock affects the properties of the biomass after pretreatment was validated in the mixed biomass of cassava peels and yam peels biomass as an example. The concentration of Mg in the mixed biomass was 1441 ppm but was 200 ppm and 353 ppm in individual cassava peels and yam peels respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that pretreated mixtures of biomass have varied elemental compositions, which could be an important factor affecting downstream processes, especially if a hybrid feedstock is used in a large-scale application.


Author(s):  
Bemgba B. Nyakuma

The large-scale processing of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) generates significant quantities of solid wastes annually. Cassava peels (CP) account for 5 wt.% - 30 wt.% of wastes from the processing of cassava tubers. The poor disposal and management of CP pose risks to human health, safety and the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify and examine low cost, socially acceptable and environmentally friendly strategies to mitigate the immediate and long terms disposal and management challenges. Lack of such measures results in the accumulation of CP wastes, which are currently buried, combusted, or dumped in open fields. Therefore, this paper reviewed the potential routes for the biochemical, thermochemical, and plasma valorisation of CP. The literature reviewed revealed that biochemical technologies such as anaerobic digestion (AD) and fermentation are the most widely utilised approaches currently adopted for CP valorisation. AD produces biogas (methane 50-72 vol. % and carbon dioxide 25-45 vol. %), whereas fermentation yields bioethanol. However, the numerous challenges such as substrate-induced inhibition, associated with the biochemical processes hamper microbial degradation, methane formation, and process efficiency. Furthermore, the processes generate secondary wastes or digestate/sludge, which requires additional processing before disposal. Therefore, innovative thermal, thermochemical, and plasma technologies were proposed to valorise CP into syngas, biofuels, bioenergy, biochemicals, and fertilizers, among others. However, the waste products of fermentation cannot be effectively utilised as bio-fertilizers, whereas bioethanol causes corrosion in engines. Overall, the biochemical, thermal, thermochemical and plasma technologies can effectively valorise CP for effective net energy generation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-590
Author(s):  
M.T. Abdulwahab ◽  
O.A.U. Uche

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a highly flowable concrete with enhanced strength and surface finish. The production of SCC requires high content of Portland cement (PC), which in turn consumes a lot of energy and emits greenhouse gases like CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere during its production. Also, environmental pollution arising from agricultural wastes such as cassava peels, groundnut shells, is a cause of concern. Cassava processing centres alone generate approximately 40 million tons of wastes per annum in Nigeria, while attempts to eliminate them through burning or natural decomposition is sometimes unsuccessful. It is important to reduce the CO2 emission during the production of PC and environmental pollution caused by cassava peels through partial replacement of cement in the SCC. This study assesses the durability properties of SCC produced with cassava peel ash (CPA) at 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 % replacement level of cement. The effects of water absorption, acid (H2SO4) and salt (MgSO4) attack and elevated temperature were investigated on the CPA-SCC specimens. It was revealed that the CPA improves the resistance to H2SO4 and MgSO4 degradation while the performance is poor when subjected to elevated temperature compared to the control specimen. Also, an optimum of 5% cement replacement is recommended for grade 35 compressive strength of CPA-SCC. However, the rate of water absorption reduced to a minimum when CPA is used in SCC as a result of an improved pore structure of the CPA-SCC specimen.


Author(s):  
M. M. Mika’ilu ◽  
A. A. Kwaido ◽  
S. A. Maigandi ◽  
I. M. Ribah ◽  
K. M. Aljameel ◽  
...  

The experiment was carried out at Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero using thirty two (32) yearlings Uda Rams in two feeding trials ran concurrently. Sixteen (16) rams were used in each experiment with four treatments replicated four times in a completely randomized factorial design (2 × 4). The animal represents the replicates while the processing method (drying and ensiling) and the level of inclusion represents the treatments respectively. The level of inclusion are 0, 10, 20 and 30% dried cassava peels (DCP) and ensiled cassava peels (ECP) respectively. Data were collected in each trial on hematological characteristics. Data generated was subjected to analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD) was used to separate the means. Hematological values of rams fed DCP were within the normal range while those fed ECP were below the normal range. The results shows significant difference (P<0.05) between dried and ensiled method of processing in terms of haemoglobin, MCH, WBC and MCV. Rams fed dried cassava peels had lower haemoglobin and PCV compared to normal range. It was concluded that there was no significant difference between rams fed dried cassava peels and those fed ensiled cassava peels at 30% level of inclusion.


Author(s):  
Kehinde Tope Adegbehingbe ◽  
Foluso Faparusi ◽  
Bartholomew Saanu Adeleke

Aim: This study was designed to determine the bioethanol production from fermented cassava peel using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis. Methodology: Cassava peels were collected from cassava processing sites, washed, surface sterilized, dried, milled into flour, pretreated, and fermented. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Z. mobilis suspensions were aseptically inoculated into the fermenting medium and allowed to stand for seven days. The pH, total reducing sugar, chemical composition, and bioethanol composition of the fermenting substrates were determined. Results: A pH decrease from 5.2 to 4.1 was recorded in the sample fermented with S. cerevisiae while the least pH value of 3.8 was obtained from the sample fermented with Z. mobilis, respectively. The total reducing sugar (glucose) of fermented samples decreased from 3.4% to 1.5% (Z. mobilis) and 3.4% to 1.88% (S. cerevisiae) compared with the control sample. The chemical composition showed high protein and fat contents in the fermented samples. High percentage yield of 30% with ethanol volume of 45 mL was recovered from cassava peel inoculated with S. cerevisiae while flash point, i.e. the lowest temperature at which fuel produces enough vapor to cause ignition leading to flame generation of 24oC, was recorded for both fermented samples inoculated with S. cerevisiae and Z. mobilis. Conclusion: The ability of the bacterium and the yeast isolates exhibiting high potential for bioethanol production could be promising in various industrial processes as an alternative to fossil transportation fuel.


2021 ◽  
pp. e00835
Author(s):  
Nana Aboagye Acheampong ◽  
William Gariba Akanwariwiak ◽  
Moses Mensah ◽  
Bernard Fei-Baffoe ◽  
Felix Offei ◽  
...  
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