Management of a Rare Pathology in Children it is Lipomyelomenengocele about Casis Report

The lipomyelomeningocele (LMMC) is a type of congenital occult spinal dysraphism consistent with the presence of lipomatous tissue adhering to the epinetic marrow, which falls through a defect of the vertical colon with the former meninges and the marrow under posture the skin. LMMC is the cause of the most frequent congenital attache between the cadre of the syndrome of the attached cord and causes a neurological deterioration due to the compression of the medical bone and the root system which is superadded. It is therefore about a girl from 6 years ago with a swelling located in the region of Lombardy after the birth of the size of a tangerine which has increased the size gradually with age. He presented the interrogation of the signs of urinary incontinence and the fact that he confirmed that he left us to fellow therapists who sent him to us for support. The local examination of the lumbosacral region revealed a single mass without other distinctive skin signs, spherical in shape, 12 × 10 cm, soft and fixed in consistency. A medullary MRI with effect, which reveals a mass of lipomate consistency at the level of lumbosacral associated with a bone spina extending from L5 to S2. Surgical treatment was indicated as the patient had urinary problems. There were no postoperative complications and after a few months postoperative symptoms improved.

Traditional usage of underutilized aquatic plants found in the Imphal valley of Manipur

The paper focuses on the traditional usage of aquatic plants found in the wetland areas of the Imphal valley of Manipur. From the survey, 30 aquatic plants have been collected use for the management of various health conditions. Most of the collected plants consume as daily food items, some used for specic remedial purposes in the treatment of certain types of ailments and diseases like cough, fever, ulcer, piles, diarrhea, jaundice, skin diseases, rheumatic pain, diabetes, hypertension, urinary troubles, body pain, respiratory problems, urinary problems, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Accordingly, different parts of the plant are used as a single item or by mixing with other ingredients in various forms of fresh or raw, culinary, or as a tonic or dry or powder form to treat the diseases. The aquatic plants also incorporate in the preparation of various traditional dishes. 70% of collected wetland plants are marketable provides a means of livelihood and source of income for the poor and needy people. Therefore, proper documentation and preservation of traditional knowledge are essential that may provide useful for future generations through research in pharmaceuticals and drug discovery.

Clinical evaluation and management of scrotal swelling

Background: The present study was conducted with the main purpose to identify the mode of presentation, various treatment modalities and outcome of these with their complications.Methods: This prospective study was carried out on a total of 100 subjects presented with scrotal swellings. Exhibiting symptoms were noted including discomfort, painless swelling, urine symptoms and fever. Questionnaires were used to analyse all the predisposing factors of patients, which were then categorized as idiopathic, urinary problems, trauma or previous history. Ultrasound as well as colour Doppler was carried out on all subjects. The options for treatment were either surgical or conservative. The cases treated were recorded accordingly and follow up was done.Results: The majority of study patients, that is, 56%, suffered with scrotal swelling on the right side, followed by left (40%) and bilateral side (4%). 63% of the subjects were presented with symptoms of painless swelling. Whereas 27% of the study subjects were presented with symptoms of pain and fever and 10% of them showed only the symptoms of pain. The majority of study subjects, that is, 71% were treated with surgical modality. Whereas 29% with conservation modality. The most common USG finding found among the study subjects was hydrocoele (37%). 37 (37.0%) subjects having hydrocoele suffered postoperative complications.Conclusions: Younger age group and manual labourers were more prone to scrotal swellings. Few of the operated cases developed postoperative complications like epididymoorchitis. There is a resurgence of thorough clinical examination to establish a diagnosis in patients with scrotal swelling.

1293Identifying Shared Symptoms and Comorbidities to Inform Risk Reduction Strategies Across Prevalent Neurological disorders

Background The global burden of neurological disorders continues to grow. Many have a long disease course and symptoms that can impact daily living and reduce quality of life. Common symptoms are reported across neurological disorders, however, have not been assessed in detail. Assessment of shared symptoms and conditions across neurological disorders may provide insight into similar risk reduction and disease management opportunities. Methods Data from an Australian cohort (n = 192,091) were analysed. Log-binomial regression assessed shared symptoms and comorbidities in ten pre-defined categories across people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), stroke, motor neuron disease (MND), multiple sclerosis (MS), or Parkinson’s disease (PD). Then, to identify sub-categories of symptoms and conditions that were driving the shared associations across disorders. Results Positive associations shared across neurological disorders were observed for cancers, digestive system, mental health, kidney and urinary, lung and breathing, and other conditions, categories. Bladder and urinary problems, incontinence, fatigue, muscle weakness, depression, and sleep apnoea, were associated with at least 3 of 5 neurological disorders. Conclusions Six overarching symptoms and condition categories were shared across neurological disorders. Bladder and urinary problems, incontinence, fatigue, muscle weakness, depression, and sleep apnoea were associated across most neurological disorders. Key messages Shared symptoms and conditions were identified across five neurological disorders. These findings may inform risk prevention and disease management strategies with broad applicability.

High Frequency of Concomitant Bladder, Bowel, and Sexual Symptoms in Huntington’s Disease: A Self-Reported Questionnaire Study

Huntington’s disease (HD) can be associated with pathologic involvement beyond the striatum including the autonomic nervous system. Bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction have been reported independently in HD, but little is known about their concomitant occurrence. To document this concomitant phenomena, forty-eight subjects (54% male, ages 28–74 years, CAG repeat 38–61) with manifest/symptomatic HD completed detailed questionnaires regarding bladder, bowel, and sexual function. In total, 45 subjects (93.8%) reported symptoms in at least one organ system (bladder, bowel, or sexual), 13 (27.1%) reported symptoms in two systems, and 19 (39.6%) reported concomitant symptoms in all three systems. Urinary problems were most frequent in 42 subjects (87.5%) followed by lower bowel (60.4%) and sexual dysfunction (56.2%). Participants reporting concomitant symptoms were more likely to have longer duration of disease and lower Total Functional Capacity (TFC) scores. This study documents the high frequency of bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction in HD and the common occurrence of concomitance of these pelvic organ problems.

Clinical Processes and Symptom Management

This section describes condition-based clinical processes and symptom management. Shortness of breath, chest tightness, and air hunger (dyspnea) are often associated with findings of anxiety, panic, desperation, or impending doom. These symptoms are often more distressing than pain. As such, it is suggested to never delay palliative treatment for any reason. The section then explores the management of anorexia and cachexia; belching and burping (eructation); bleeding, draining, and malodorous lesions; confusion/delirium; constipation; coughing; depression; diarrhea and anorectal problems; dysphagia and oropharyngeal problems; and edema. It also looks at fatigue and weakness (aesthenia); fever and diaphoresis; hiccups; imminent death; insomnia and nocturnal restlessness; nausea and vomiting; pain; pruritus; seizures; skeletal muscle and bladder spasms; skin breakdown; urinary problems; and xerostomia (dry mouth).

FOLK USES OF WEEDS FROM DISTRICT RUDRAPRAYAG, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Weeds adversely affect the crop yield. However, some weeds are traditionally used as fodder resources, wild edibles, medicinal plants, fibre yielding, etc. in different parts of the world. Present study aimed to document the local uses of weedy plants in Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand. A total of 113 weed species belonging to 90 genera and 38 families were documented with various folk uses. The present study revealed that the local people use weed species mainly as fodder for cattle. Some species are effective in healing skin ailments, cuts, wounds and urinary problems.

A narrative review of the ethnomedicinal usage of Cannabis sativa Linnaeus as traditional phytomedicine by folk medicine practitioners of Bangladesh

Background There is a worldwide interest in the use of Cannabis sativa for biomedicine purposes. Cannabis has ethnomedicinal usage as a natural medicine in Bangladesh and cultivated during the British Empire period for revenues. Objective Folk medicine practitioners (FMPs) from different districts of Bangladesh have been using Cannabis sativa, but until now there have not been any compiled studies particularly regarding this practice. Hence, this review is an effort to retrieve the traditional usage of Cannabis sativa as a phytomedicine from published ethnomedicinal studies. Methods and materials Information was searched by using the search terms “ethnomedicinal Cannabis sativa and Bangladesh”; “Bangladesh cannabaceae and ethnomedicinal survey”; “ganja, bhang and folk medicine Bangladesh”; “tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinoid and therapeutic, clinical trial”; and “cannabis and pharmacological/biological” and retrieved from ethnobotanical articles available on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. A search of the relevant scientific literature also was conducted to assess the efficacy of the ethnomedicinal usage of Cannabis sativa. Results While reviewing over 200 ethnomedicinal plants’ survey articles, we found that FMPs of Bangladesh from 12 different districts used Cannabis sativa to treat cited ailments like sleep-associated problems (n=5), neuropsychiatric and CNS problems (n=5), and infections and respiratory problems (n=5) followed by rheumatism, gastrointestinal, gynecological (n=4 each), cancer, sexual, and other ailments including hypertension, headache, itch, increases bile secretion, abortifacient, dandruff, fever, and urinary problems (n=1 each). There are a total of 15 formulations identified from the 11 out of 18 ethnomedicinal plant survey reports. The leaf was the main plant part used (53.8%), followed by root (23%), seed (7.7%) and flower, inflorescence, resin, and all parts 3.8% respectively. Conclusions Sales and cultivation of Cannabis are illegal at present in Bangladesh, but the use of Cannabis sativa as a natural phytomedicine has been practiced traditionally by folk medicine practitioners of Bangladesh for many years and validated through relevant pharmacological justification. Although Cannabis sativa possesses ethnomedicinal properties in the folk medicine of Bangladesh, it is, furthermore, needed to conduct biological research to consolidate pharmacological justification about the prospects and challenges of Cannabis and cannabinoids’ use in Bangladesh as safer biomedicine in the future.

Role of Tinospora cordifolia in metabolic health disorders: An updated review

The use of various herbal drugs in India has been widely developed in recent years. Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) belonging to family Menispermaceae has a tremendous amount of bioactive principles in exploring nutraceuticals from natural source. T. cordifolia is considered as an important herbal drug of traditional system of Indian Medicines. The herb is also well known for its therapeutic efficacy in treatment of various diseases viz. dyspepsia, diabetes, fever, urinary problems, jaundice, chronic diarrhoea, cardiac disease, dysentry, helmenthiasis, skin diseases, leprosy, thyroidand various metabolic diseases. Present review highlights the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic activity of Guduchi and their validation through existing literature, experimental studies. The plant is reported to have various alkaloids, glycosides, steroids and terpenoids. The current study is undertaken to explore and review its role on metabolic disorders.

Imperforate hymen: a case report

Imperforate hymen is one of the rare causes of primary amenorrhea due to uterovaginal developmental anomaly. We report a case of imperforate hymen in a 14-year girl with primary amenorrhea who presented to us with cyclical abdominal pain, mass abdomen and dysuria. Local examination showed bulged and bluish hymen. Ultrasonography showed hematocolpos. She underwent hymenotomy through a cruciate incision and recovered well postoperatively. Hematocolpos should always be considered in a prepubertal girl who presents with primary amenorrhea, mass abdomen and urinary problems.