Effect of Different Tillage Systems on Wheat Yield under Laser Land Leveling

"A field experiment was conducted in Al-Adwaniyah region, located on latitude 33° 13' 93.59"" N, and longitude 44° 37' 91.37"" E, at an altitude of 31 m above MSL, during the autumn season of the year 2018 AD to know the effect of laser land leveling, tillage and discharge on water productivity, wheat growth and yield. The experiment consisted of three treatments. The first was the tillage implement with two levels: the mold board plow (T1) and the chisel plow (T2). The second was the slope percentage of the soil surface leveling, with three levels: the conventional leveling (L0), the leveling with the slope percentage of 0.15% (L1), and the leveling with the slope percentage of 0.30% (L2). The third was the discharge rate with two levels: discharge rate of 16 L sec-1 (Q1), and discharge rate of 24 L sec-1 (Q2). The experiment was designed according to the split-split plots design with three replicates. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. Crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield, recorded their highest value With T1 of 73.07 cm, and 5.442-ton ha-1 , respectively, weight of 1000 grain with T1 Equally with T2 of 40.36 g 1000 grain-1 . with L1 of 79.69 cm, 42.20 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.347 ton ha-1 , respectively. With Q1 recorded the highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 72.62 cm, 40.98 g 1000 grain-1 , and 5.741-ton ha-1 , Respectively. With T1L1 recorded the highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 80.15 cm, 42.50 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.480-ton ha-1 , respectively. With T1Q1 recorded the highest crop height,weight of 1000 and yield of 74.65 cm, 41.09 g 1000 grain-1 and 5.796-ton ha-1 respectively. With L1Q1 recorded the highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 79.80 cm, 42.65 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.644-ton ha-1 , respectively. With T1L1Q1 recorded highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 82.02 cm, 43.07 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.809-ton ha-1, respectively. 2. The root depth recorded highest depth with T2 of 61.83 mm. With L0 of 67.60 mm. With Q2 of 61.33 mm. With T2L0 of 69.35 mm. With T2Q2 of 63.00 mm. With Q2L0 of 69.35 mm. With T2L0Q2 of 71.10 mm. 3. The crop water productivity and field water productivity recorded the highest productivity with T1 of 13.294 and 13.571kg mm 1 ,respectively. With L1 of 15.079and 15.407 kg mm-1 , respectively. With Q1 of 11.735 and 11.825kg mm 1, respectively. With T1L1 of 16.220and16.719 kg mm 1, respectively. With T2Q2 of 14.326and14.685 kg mm 1 , respectively. With L0Q2 of 15.959and16.374 kg mm 1, respectively. With Q1T1L1 of 17.220and 17.811kg mm 1, respectively."

Effect of Different Tillage Systems on Wheat Yield under Laser Land Leveling

"A field experiment was conducted in Al-Adwaniyah region, located on latitude 33° 13' 93.59"" N, and longitude 44° 37' 91.37"" E, at an altitude of 31 m above MSL, during the autumn season of the year 2018 AD to know the effect of laser land leveling, tillage and discharge on water productivity, wheat growth and yield. The experiment consisted of three treatments. The first was the tillage implement with two levels: the mold board plow (T1) and the chisel plow (T2). The second was the slope percentage of the soil surface leveling, with three levels: the conventional leveling (L0), the leveling with the slope percentage of 0.15% (L1), and the leveling with the slope percentage of 0.30% (L2). The third was the discharge rate with two levels: discharge rate of 16 L sec-1 (Q1), and discharge rate of 24 L sec-1 (Q2). The experiment was designed according to the split-split plots design with three replicates. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. Crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield, recorded their highest value With T1 of 73.07 cm, and 5.442-ton ha-1 , respectively, weight of 1000 grain with T1 Equally with T2 of 40.36 g 1000 grain-1 . with L1 of 79.69 cm, 42.20 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.347 ton ha-1, respectively. With Q1 recorded the highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 72.62 cm, 40.98 g 1000 grain-1, and 5.741-ton ha-1, Respectively. With T1L1 recorded the highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 80.15 cm, 42.50 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.480-ton ha-1 , respectively. With T1Q1 recorded the highest crop height, weight of 1000 and yield of 74.65 cm, 41.09 g 1000 grain-1 and 5.796-ton ha-1 respectively. With L1Q1 recorded the highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 79.80 cm, 42.65 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.644-ton ha-1 , respectively. With T1L1Q1 recorded highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 82.02 cm, 43.07 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.809-ton ha-1 , respectively. 2. The root depth recorded highest depth with T2 of 61.83 mm. With L0 of 67.60 mm. With Q2 of 61.33 mm. With T2L0 of 69.35 mm. With T2Q2 of 63.00 mm. With Q2L0 of 69.35 mm. With T2L0Q2 of 71.10 mm. 3. The crop water productivity and field water productivity recorded the highest productivity with T1 of 13.294 and 13.571kg mm 1 , respectively. With L1 of 15.079and 15.407 kg mm-1 , respectively. With Q1 of 11.735 and 11.825kg mm 1 , respectively. With T1L1 of 16.220and16.719 kg mm 1 , respectively. With T2Q2 of 14.326and14.685 kg mm 1 , respectively. With L0Q2 of 15.959and16.374 kg mm 1,respectively. With Q1T1L1 of 17.220and 17.811kg mm 1, respectively"

Raising the Efficiency of Seohen's Model to Predict Soil Resistance Faced by Chisel Plow

This research was carried out to study the effect of crop factor, which is represented in some plant roots of crops residues (broad bean and wheat) on soil mechanical properties (cohesion strength, C, and internal friction angle, Φ), and thus, the effect of these roots on the power requirements of chisel plow to face the soil resistance was studied. Soil mechanical properties and power requirements of chisel plow (7 blades) were measured in the field directly at various soil depths of (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 m) with and without roots at constant tractor forward speed of about 4 km/h. Moisture content of the soil, broad bean roots, and wheat roots were 21%, 16%, and 14%, respectively, The results showed that the effect of roots of previous crops residues had a significant effect on the soil mechanical properties and power requirements for chisel plow when using the crop factor, which is represented in characteristic of crop residual roots in terms of root mean diameter.

TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN THE CROP ROTATION IN THE CENTRAL CAUCASIA

The research was carried out in order to analyze the development of various systems of basic tillage (moldboard, non-moldboard, surface) for row crops for the period from 2010 to 2018 in the zone of unstable moisture in Stavropol kray with the development of a soil cultivation system for corn for grain according to the predecessor winter wheat. The soil of the experimental plot is ordinary chernozem, medium loamy, with a humus content of 3.9%, Р2О5 - 36.2 mg/kg; К2О - 162.8 mg/kg. The research was carried out in the link of crop rotation winter wheat - corn for grain. The experimental scheme included eight options for the main processing: moldboard (control), moldless (plow with SibIME tines, “Paraplau” type, chisel, flat cutter), milling, shallow (10 ... 12 cm in combination with Roundup herbicide) and combined (moldboard under winter wheat, chisel-making for grain corn). The area of the plot is 240 m2, the arrangement of the plots is two-tiered, randomized, the replication is four times. During the study period, the area cultivated without moldboard to a depth of 20 ... 22 cm, on average, grew by 4.3 thousand hectares annually. The average soil density in the options with moldboard and combined (plowing by 20 ... 22 cm for winter wheat, non-moldboard loosening by 23 ... 25 cm for corn for grain) processing is almost the same as after sowing (1.10 and 1.11 g/cm3) and before harvesting (1.19 g/cm3). The soil water permeability after the main processing with the chisel plow PCh-4.5 was 291 mm/h, plowing - 241 mm/h, which is 15% less. The average for crops in the crop rotation link in the variant with moldboard and combined tillage were practically the same - 136 and 134.6 mm, respectively. Against the fertilized background, the costs for combined tillage versus moldboard tillage (control) decreased by 2300 rubles per hectare, and the profitability of production of the crop rotation link is 89%. Key words: tillage systems, crop rotation, row-crop link, ordinary chernozem, Central Ciscaucasia

Influence of Working Depth and Soil Type on Drawbar Performance of a Chisel Plow

With the aim of studying the drawbar performance and power required by a commercial chisel plow with five shanks, an experiment was carried out involving two soil types (sandy and clayey) and three working depths (0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 m). A farm wheeled tractor, properly sized by the raw power of the engine, pulled the equipment. An electronic instrumentation was used for data acquisition to measure the drawbar pull. Furthermore, in addition, four other parameters were determined, as real travel speed and slippage of the tractor. Chiseling operations showed no statistically significant effect of soil type on drawbar pull in the different working depths. However, clayey soil presented higher values of slippage (34.44%), power performance (47.25 kW) and drawbar pull (40.26 kN) than sandy soil.