Sikap Bahasa dan Pemertahanan Identiti Komuniti Sempadan di Kampung Telok Melano, Malaysia dan Desa Temajuk, Indonesia: Satu Tinjauan Awal

Kajian ini meneliti sikap bahasa dan pemertahanan identiti komuniti sempadan di Kampung Telok Melano, Lundu (Sarawak, Malaysia) dan Desa Temajuk, Sambas (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia). Objektif khusus kajian adalah untuk meninjau sikap bahasa dan penjelmaan identiti melalui bahasa, yang akhirnya membentuk dua identiti yang berbeza. Pengumpulan data kajian berasaskan pendekatan kualitatif iaitu melalui rakaman perbualan, wawancara dan pemerhatian ikut serta. Dalam kajian awal ini, seramai 12 orang informan iaitu 6 orang dari Kampung Telok Melano dan 6 orang dari Desa Temajuk telah dipilih berdasarkan kaedah pensampelan kuota. Soalan wawancara dirangka mengikut beberapa domain daripada tiga ciri sikap bahasa yang dikemukakan oleh Garvin & Mathiot (1968) iaitu kesetiaan bahasa, kebanggaan bahasa dan kesedaran akan norma bahasa. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kesetiaan bahasa, kebanggaan bahasa dan kesedaran akan norma bahasa, khususnya terhadap bahasa ibunda dan bahasa kebangsaan adalah tinggi dalam kalangan kedua-dua komuniti yang dikaji. Dari aspek pemertahanan identiti, kajian mendapati masyarakat di Kampung Telok Melano yang asalnya beridentitikan ‘Melayu Sambas’, telah beralih menjadi ‘Melayu Sarawak’ sejak pembentukan Malaysia pada tahun 1963. Kajian awal ini telah menyediakan asas penyelidikan untuk kajian lanjutan pada masa hadapan berkaitan dengan isu bahasa dan identiti masyarakat sempadan di bahagian barat daya Sarawak. [This study emphasises on the language attitude and the defence of the border community identity at Kampung Telok Melano, Lundu (Sarawak, Malaysia) and Desa Temajuk, Sambas (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia). The primary objective of the study is to observe the language attitude and the creation of an identity through language to form two distinct different identities. The collection of data for the study is based on a qualitative approach through recorded conversations, interviews, and participant observations. In this preliminary observation, a total of 12 informants where 6 people from Kampung Telok Melano and another 6 people from Desa Temajuk were selected based on the quota sampling method. Interview questions were framed according to a few domains based on the three characteristics of language attitude proposed by Garvin and Mathiot (1968) which are language loyalty, language pride and awareness of the norms. The findings of this study indicated that the language loyalty and awareness of the norms specifically towards the mother tongue and national language are high in these two communities. In the aspect of defence of the border community identity, the study had found that the Kampung Telok Melano community original identity were Sambas Malays who had since shifted to Sarawak Malays since the formation of Malaysia in 1963. This preliminary study had prepared the basis for further studies related to language issues and the identity of the border communities at the southwestern region of Sarawak.]

Mexican-Origin Women’s Construction and Navigation of Racialized Identities: Implications for Health Amidst Restrictive Immigrant Policies

This study examines how Mexican-origin women construct and navigate racialized identities in a post-industrial northern border community during a period of prolonged restrictive immigration and immigrant policies, and considers mechanisms by which responses to racialization may shape health. This grounded theory analysis involves interviews with 48 Mexican-origin women in Detroit, Michigan, who identified as being in the first, 1.5, or second immigrant generation. In response to institutions and institutional agents using racializing markers to assess their legal status and policing access to health-promoting resources, women engaged in a range of strategies to resist being constructed as an “other.” Women used the same racializing markers or symbols of (il)legality that had been used against them as a malleable set of resources to resist processes of racialization and form, preserve, and affirm their identities. These responses include constructing an authorized immigrant identity, engaging in immigration advocacy, and resisting stigmatizing labels. These strategies may have different implications for health over time. Findings indicate the importance of addressing policies that promulgate or exacerbate racialization of Mexican-origin communities and other communities who experience growth through migration. Such policies include creating pathways to legalization and access to resources that have been actively invoked in racialization processes such as state-issued driver’s licenses.

Percepción social de la salinización del agua para uso doméstico en Puerto Madero, Chiapas, México

The salinization of drinking water in the coastal zone is a growing concern for water security. Our objective was to know the perception of water salinization for domestic use through semistructured interviews in Puerto Madero, Mexico, a border community with high levels of migration, and then to contrast it with quantitative salinity data. The population of this coastal locality depends substantially on artisan wells without government monitoring. Although no wells were classified as saline, results show that artisan wells that present extreme values of dissolved-solid concentration have impact in human health conditions.

Studi Perilaku Masyarakat Bermukim di Sempadan Sungai Sa’dan Kabupaten Toraja Utara

Sempadan sungai Sa’dan merupakan bagian dari daerah aliran sungai yang mengalir di Kota Rantepao. Salah satu kawasan sempadan sungai yang perlu mendapat perhatian khusus adalah sekitar sempadan sungai di wilayah Tagari dan sekitar Malango’ kota Rantepao. Sungai Sa’dan ini mempunyai peran penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari karena mempunyai fungsi ekologi, sosial dan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan deskripsi Pengetahuan Lingkungan, Kebijakan Pemerintah, Kearifan Lokal dan Perilaku Masyarakat Sempadan Sungai Sa’dan Kabupaten Toraja, menganalisis Pengaruh Pengetahuan Lingkungan, Kebijakan Pemerintah, Kearifan Lokal terhadap Perilaku Masyarakat Sempadan Sungai Sa’dan Kabupaten Toraja Utara, dan mengetahui konsep pengelolaan sempadan sungai Sa’dang Kabupaten Toraja Utara. Berdasarkan tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh perilaku masyarakat yang bermukim di sempadan sungai Sa’dan terhadap lingkungan, maka penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang mengacu pada Pendekatan Kuantitatif dan kualitatif, artinya penentuan sampling, perekaman data, hingga proses analisis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang dilakukan maka ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut, Hasil Deskriptif: Pengetahuan Lingkungan dibentuk dari kondisi eksisting dan Konsep Penataan. Hal utama yang membentuk pengetahuan lingkungan adalah kondisi eksisting. Kebijakan Pemerintah dibentuk dari beberapa indicator antara lain Organisasi, regulasi dan Implementasi Kebijakan. Hal utama yang membentuk Kebijakan Pemerintah adalah Regulasi (Peraturan). Kearifan Lokal dibentuk dari Kebiasaan masyarakat yang turun temurun, Kepercayaan masyarakat setempat dan Adanya Tanggung jawab masyarakat setempat. Hal utama yang membentuk Kearifan Lokal adalah Kebiasaan masyarakat yang turun temurun. Pengetahuan Lingkungan, Kebijakan Pemerintah, Kearifan Lokal berpengaruh terhadap Perilaku Masyarakat sempadan Sungai Sa’dan Kota Rantepao. Hal ini menunjukkan Pengetahuan Lingkungan (X1), Kebijakan Pemerintah (X2), Kearifan Lokal (X3) dapat meningkatkan Perilaku Masyarakat sempadan Sungai Sa’dan Kota Rantepao. Pentingnya masyarakat sempadan Sungai Sa’dan Kota Rantepao dalam kegiatan konservasi sempadan sungai sa’dan mengindikasikan bahwa masyarakat telah memahami mengenai konsep sempadan sungai, sehingga tanpa paksaan masyarakat megetahui batasan-batasan mengenai hal-hal yang seharusnya dilakukan dan tidak dilakukan di sempadan sungai. The border of the Sa'dan river is part of the river basin that flows in the City of Rantepao. One of the river border areas that need special attention is around the riverbank in the Tagari area and around Malango', the city of Rantepao. The Sa'dan River has an important role in daily life because it has ecological, social and economic functions. This study aims to provide a description of Environmental Knowledge, Government Policy, Local Wisdom and Community Behavior of the Sa'dan River Border Community in Toraja Regency, to analyze the Effects of Environmental Knowledge, Government Policy, Local Wisdom on the Behavior of the Sa'dan River Border Community in North Toraja Regency, and to know the concept management of the Sa'dang river border, North Toraja Regency. Based on the research objective, which is to determine the effect of the behavior of the people living on the border of the Sa'dan river on the environment, this research is a research that refers to quantitative and qualitative approaches, meaning that the determination of sampling, recording data, to the analysis process of this research uses a quantitative approach. From the results of the research and discussion carried out, the following conclusions are drawn, Descriptive Results: Environmental Knowledge is formed from existing conditions and the Concept of Arrangement. The main factor that shapes environmental knowledge is the existing conditions. Government policies are formed from several indicators, including organization, regulation and policy implementation. The main thing that shapes Government Policy is Regulation (Regulation). Local wisdom is formed from hereditary habits of the community, local community beliefs and local community responsibilities. The main factor that forms local wisdom is the community's hereditary habits. Environmental Knowledge, Government Policies, Local Wisdom affect the Behavior of the People on the River Sa'dan Rantepao City. This shows that Environmental Knowledge (X1), Government Policy (X2), Local Wisdom (X3) can improve the Behavior of the People on the River Basin and the City of Rantepao. The importance of the Sa'dan River border community in Rantepao City in the sa'dan river border conservation activities indicates that the community has understood the concept of the river border, so that without coercion the community knows the boundaries of things that should and should not be done on the riverbank.

“No Entry into New South Wales”: COVID-19 and the Historic and Contemporary Trajectories of the Effects of Border Closures on an Australian Cross-Border Community

Given its intensity, rapid spread, geographic reach and multiple waves of infections, the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020/21 became a major global disruptor with a truly cross-sectoral impact, surpassing even the 1918/19 influenza epidemic. Public health measures designed to contain the spread of the disease saw the cessation of international travel as well as the establishment of border closures between and within countries. The social and economic impact was considerable. This paper examines the effects of the public health measures of “ring-fencing” and of prolonged closures of the state border between New South Wales and Victoria (Australia), placing the events of 2020/21 into the context of the historic and contemporary trajectories of the border between the two states. It shows that while border closures as public-health measures had occurred in the past, their social and economic impact had been comparatively negligible due to low cross-border community integration. Concerted efforts since the mid-1970s have led to effective and close integration of employment and services, with over a quarter of the resident population of the two border towns commuting daily across the state lines. As a result, border closures and state-based lockdown directives caused significant social disruption and considerable economic cost to families and the community as a whole. One of the lessons of the 2020/21 pandemic will be to either re-evaluate the wisdom of a close social and economic integration of border communities, which would be a backwards step, or to future-proof these communities by developing strategies, effectively public health management plans, to avoid a repeat when the next pandemic strikes.

Nationalism in Border Community: Temajuk, Sambas District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

The low level of nationalism is one of the noticeable problems that often occur in the border-region, and the Indonesian border in Kalimantan witnesses the same problem. This issue arises because border-areas tend to be underdeveloped areas, with inadequate development and facilities. The lack of state attention to border communities is claimed to be the reason for people’s disloyalty toward the state. Additionally, national border violations and illegal trade are increasingly being considered as an indicator of the low levels of nationalism prevailing among border communities. This research attempts to examine how the border communities in Temajuk have built their attachment to their living environment in a way that would enable them to reinterpret the nationalism of border communities. In doing so, this study uses a descriptive–qualitative approach. Data collections have been obtained from document-tracking and interviews with local district/village officers, Badan Pengelola Perbatasan Daerah officers, border military guards, and several residents in Temajuk. The finding indicated that bonding and emotional experience encourage citizens to remain committed to being Indonesian citizens although neighboring countries have better development and prosperity levels. Contrastingly, nationalism promotes a stronger territorial awareness, which then encourages the proborder welfare policies.

Risk Factors for Postpartum Hemorrhage in a Thai–Myanmar Border Community Hospital: A Nested Case-Control Study

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a common complication of pregnancy and a global public health concern. Even though PPH risk factors were extensively studied and reported in literature, almost all studies were conducted in non-Asian countries or tertiary care centers. Our study aimed to explore relevant risk factors for PPH among pregnant women who underwent transvaginal delivery at a Thai–Myanmar border community hospital in Northern Thailand. An exploratory nested case-control study was conducted to explore risk factors for PPH. Women who delivered transvaginal births at Maesai hospital from 2014 to 2018 were included. Two PPH definitions were used, which were ≥ 500 mL and 1000 mL of estimated blood loss within 24 h after delivery. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to identify significant risk factors for PPH and severe PPH. Of 4774 women with vaginal births, there were 265 (5.55%) PPH cases. Eight factors were identified as independent predictors for PPH and severe PPH: elderly pregnancy, minority groups, nulliparous, previous PPH history, BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, requiring manual removal of placenta, labor augmentation, and fetal weight > 4000 gm. Apart from clinical factors, particular attention should be given to pregnant women who were minority groups as PPH risk significantly increased in this population.