juvenile recidivism
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2021 ◽  
pp. 154120402110537
Author(s):  
Meagan Docherty ◽  
Andrew Lieman ◽  
Brandon Lee Gordon

The goal of the current study was to investigate the relationships between observer-rated skills related to emotional and cognitive regulation post-admission and pre-release in a secure facility and official records of juvenile felony recidivism up to 1 year after release. Data came from a sample of 599 youth in a residential facility in Washington state (84% male; 38% White). Latent change score models indicated that both initial level of emotional regulation skills and improvement in emotion regulation skills while incarcerated were significantly related to lower recidivism. This pattern of findings remained when controlling for length of stay, among other covariates. Follow-up analyses indicated that the results for emotion regulation skills might be driven primarily by monitoring internal and external triggers. Additional research should investigate the connection between emotion regulation skills and juvenile recidivism, with a special focus on trigger monitoring and how to improve those skills.


2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872199933
Author(s):  
Kendra Thompson-Dyck

Leveraging point-level spatial data from the Phoenix area, we consider the role of nearby organizations as contextual factors that amplify or reduce reoffending risk among juvenile offenders after court completion. Using survival models, we examine whether residential proximity to seven types of organizations impacts risk of recidivism, net of neighborhood disadvantage and offender characteristics. Aggregate neighborhood disadvantage was not associated with reoffending risk and organizational findings were mixed. Low-level offenders with more total organizations nearby had a higher risk of new property offenses, while the risk of drug and violent reoffending nearly doubled for diversion youth residing near police facilities or detention centers. Individual demographics and prior offense histories remained the strongest, most consistent predictors of juvenile recidivism.


Author(s):  
Андрей Петрович Ельчанинов

В статье анализируются отдельные положения уголовного законодательства Российской империи второй половины XIX в., отражающие процесс трансформации подходов законодателя в назначении и исполнении наказаний в отношении малолетних и несовершеннолетних преступников. Тема проведенного исследования в условиях современного реформирования отечественной пенитенциарной системы имеет существенную актуальность, поскольку концепция исполнения наказания несовершеннолетних преступников, разработанная в России в XIX в., доказала свою эффективность и жизнеспособность. Автор, опираясь на положения нормативных актов, показал поступательное развитие законодательства Российской империи, определяющего особенности наказания несовершеннолетних преступников. Начиная со второй половины XIX в. основным видом исправительных учреждений для подростков, совершивших преступления, становятся исправительные приюты, деятельность которых осуществлялась на основании законодательства Российской империи, но на деньги меценатов, частных лиц и общественных организаций. Как показала практика, такое государственно-частное партнерство в сфере исполнения наказаний в отношении несовершеннолетних преступников стало действенным средством в перевоспитании оступившихся подростков, существенно сократило уровень подростковой рецидивной преступности в России. Проведенное исследование позволило автору сделать вывод о том, что во второй половине XIX в. под воздействием общеевропейских тенденций наказания в отношении несовершеннолетних стали менее жестоки; принцип наказания, предполагающий кару за совершенное деяние, уступил место принципу перевоспитания. The article analyzes certain provisions of the criminal legislation of the Russian Empire of the second half of the XIX century, reflecting the process of transformation of the approaches of the legislator in the appointment and execution of punishments for younger and juvenile offenders. The topic of the research in the context of modern reform of the home penitentiary system is of significant relevance, as the concept of execution of punishment of juvenile offenders, developed in Russia in the XIX century, demonstrated its effectiveness and viability. The author, relying on the provisions of normative acts, shows the progressive development of legislation of the Russian Empire, which defines the features of punishing juvenile offenders. Starting the second half of the XIX century the main type of correctional institutions for teenagers committed crimes were correctional shelters, the activities of which were carried out on the basis of the legislation of the Russian Empire as well as on the money of patrons, individuals and public organizations. As practice showed such a public-private partnership in the field of execution of punishments for juvenile offenders became an effective tool in re-educating misguided teenagers, significantly reduced the level of juvenile recidivism in Russia. The research allows the author to conclude that in the second half of the XIX century, under the influence of European trends, punishments for minors became less severe; the principle of punishment, which implies punishment for the committed act, gave way to the principle of re-education.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Chelsey Narvey ◽  
Jennifer Yang ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Michael Baglivio ◽  
Alex R. Piquero

Low empathy has been implicated in antisocial, aggressive, and criminal behavior, especially among adolescents. Less understood is the extent to which empathy is amenable to treatment, and whether an improvement in empathy can mitigate the deleterious effects of known risk factors, such as childhood maltreatment. A sample of 11,000 serious juvenile offenders in long-term residential placement is leveraged to examine whether over cumulative traumatic exposure, measured by the adverse childhood experience (ACE) score, is associated with the initial level of empathy at admission to a residential program, and whether changes in empathy during treatment moderate the impact of ACEs on juvenile recidivism. Results show youth with higher ACE scores have less empathy at admission and both ACEs and empathy predict recidivism. Most importantly, large gains in empathy are able to dampen the effect of ACEs on recidivism.


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