printing techniques
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

386
(FIVE YEARS 183)

H-INDEX

26
(FIVE YEARS 10)

Biomolecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Nabeel M. Althabhawi ◽  
Zinatul Ashiqin Zainol

A combination of 3D printing techniques and synthetic biology, 3D bioprinting is a promising field. It is expected that 3D bioprinting technologies will have applications across an array of fields, spanning biotechnology, medical surgery and the pharmaceutical industry. Nonetheless, the progress of these technologies could be hindered, unless there is adequate and effective protection for related applications. In this article, the authors examine the patent eligibility of 3D bioprinting technologies. This issue raises concern given that existing patent systems are generally averse to nature-derived inventions and many of them exclude products of nature or discoveries from patentability. This qualitative study analyses the current patent systems in key jurisdictions, particularly, the U.S. and the EU, and their applicability, as well as effectiveness, in the context of 3D bioprinting. The study argues that the main reason for the apathy of existing patent systems towards bio-inventions is that they were designed to deal with mechanical inventions. It suggests an innovation framework that encompasses both mechanical and biological inventions to cater adequately to emerging technologies.


2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Prasath Mani ◽  
Madeeha Sadia ◽  
Saravana Kumar Jaganathan ◽  
Ahmad Zahran Khudzari ◽  
Eko Supriyanto ◽  
...  

Abstract In tissue engineering, 3D printing is an important tool that uses biocompatible materials, cells, and supporting components to fabricate complex 3D printed constructs. This review focuses on the cytocompatibility characteristics of 3D printed constructs, made from different synthetic and natural materials. From the overview of this article, inkjet and extrusion-based 3D printing are widely used methods for fabricating 3D printed scaffolds for tissue engineering. This review highlights that scaffold prepared by both inkjet and extrusion-based 3D printing techniques showed significant impact on cell adherence, proliferation, and differentiation as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo studies. 3D printed constructs with growth factors (FGF-2, TGF-β1, or FGF-2/TGF-β1) enhance extracellular matrix (ECM), collagen I content, and high glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content for cell growth and bone formation. Similarly, the utilization of 3D printing in other tissue engineering applications cannot be belittled. In conclusion, it would be interesting to combine different 3D printing techniques to fabricate future 3D printed constructs for several tissue engineering applications.


Author(s):  
Neng Xia ◽  
Dongdong Jin ◽  
Veronica Iacovacci ◽  
Li Zhang

Abstract Miniature robots and actuators with micrometer or millimeter scale size can be driven by diverse power sources, e.g., chemical fuels, light, magnetic, and acoustic fields. These machines have the potential to access complex narrow spaces, execute medical tasks, perform environmental monitoring, and manipulate micro-objects. Recent advancements in 3D printing techniques have demonstrated great benefits in manufacturing small-scale structures such as customized design with programmable physical properties. Combining 3D printing methods, functional polymers, and active control strategies enables these miniature machines with diverse functionalities to broaden their potentials in medical applications. Herein, this review provides an overview of 3D printing techniques applicable for the fabrication of small-scale machines and printable functional materials, including shape-morphing materials, biomaterials, composite polymers, and self-healing polymers. Functions and applications of tiny robots and actuators fabricated by 3D printing and future perspectives toward small-scale intelligent machines are discussed.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Hassan ◽  
El-khabiry Shaban ◽  
Ghada M. ElHaddad ◽  
Asmaa B. Sallam ◽  
Ibrahim El Sayed

A series of azo dyes incorporated acridine chromophore labelled as 8 (a-d), 10 (a, b), 12 and 14 were prepared in very good yields starting from 9-chloroacridine 1 followed by amination, diazotization and coupling either with rhodanine analogues 6 (a, b) or other coupling partners 9 (a, b), 11 and 13. FT-IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectroscopic analysis were used to establish the structures of the produced azo dispersed dyes. Moreover, the synthesized azo dyes were used to prepare pastes that were used to print polyester fabric using classic silk-screen printing techniques. The dyes were tested for color strength and fastness properties, and they showed good fastness resistance to washing, rubbing, and perspiration, as well as fastness to sublimation and light. The dyes were further screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against both Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacterial species. Most of them showed promising activities against these tested organisms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-348
Author(s):  
Ahda Yunia Sekar Fardhani

Batik is one of the arts that contains a whole descriptive belief about how Javanese interpret their lives. It is found inclassical batiks, which are still committed to the standard elements from Keraton as a center for preserving Javaneseculture. Through studying classical batik, the writer finds a concept of Kacu ratio used in making batik. For thewriter, the kacu is a local form of genius that belongs to the Javanese community. The consciousness of the emptinesspermeates all material forms that exist in the universe. This belief is also applied to the process of designing batikfabrics. For the Javanese, beauty lies in the balance of macro and microcosmos. The actual balance lies at the pointof paradox. Through this research, similarities in the numbers of the Kacu ratio, which is believed to be the goldenratio of the Javanese people in ancient times were sought. Then the equation would be applied to the artwork. Thisstudy uses a qualitative method with several literature sources to dissect the Kacu concept and apply it to works ofart. The writer uses the Kacu concept to arrange visual objects as a scale and balance composition through a formalistapproach. Finally, the writer presents batik and screen-printing techniques on textile. Therefore, the writer needsto study the Kacu ratio further to understand what this ancient ratio means in the beliefs of the Javanese people.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1397-1406
Author(s):  
Bo-Kyeong Kim ◽  
Eun-Mi Choi

With development of advanced technologies, the field of beauty is under strong pressure to try new approaches in line with the highly increasing interest in advance 3D printing based on 3D graphic design data. An increasing number of researches have been conducted to develop beauty and art design object using computer design programs. As part of this, three works were presented in this paper in which body painting designs and object were applied to mannequins by producing them with help of 3D printing techniques based on the motive of fractal that started from nature. This study examined how the generation principle of fractal geometry appears in the form of nature. The generation principle of fractal geometry models nature, fibonacci, and crystalline pattern by non-linearity, irregularity, and randomness around the iterative rule of self similarity. The present study is thought to be meaningful in that it suggests the possibility and practical value of a design method that can be technically and easily accessible to those majoring in beauty by means of its utility as a low-end 3D printing object.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Marina Vukoje ◽  
Ivana Bolanča Mirković ◽  
Zdenka Bolanča

The aim of this work was to determine the influence of the conventional offset printing technique and digital electrophotography printing with liquid toner (LEP) on some optical properties of recycled fibres. A series of LEP prints was made with the variation of the negative voltage of the developing drum (−200 V, −280 V, −350 V, and −430 V) after calibration of the machine and achieving standard densitometry values. Besides deinkability aspects, the quality of wastewater effluents after process of prints recycling was observed in order to make a conclusion regarding how different printing techniques, conditions in printing process, and different types of inks can affect the wastewater effluents. Results of image analysis showed that by increasing the negative voltage of developing drum in LEP printing technique, the formation of large ink particles on handsheet from recycled pulp increases. Depending on the size of the negative voltage of the developing drum, under the same experimental conditions, handsheets made from LEP recycled fibres have lower whiteness gain, brightness gain, and ΔERIC of handsheets compared to those made from the offset prints. In addition, a certain correlation was found between IEERIC (ink elimination), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) of wastewater effluents after recycling of LEP prints and offset prints as well. Organic water pollution parameters (COD and TOC) showed higher values in wastewater after recycling of offset prints compared to recycling of LEP prints.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monisha ◽  
Kamlesh Shrivas ◽  
Tarun Kumar Patle ◽  
Reena Jamunkar ◽  
Vikas Kumar Jain ◽  
...  

Background: Currently, the environmental and biological samples such as water, soil, vegetables, etc. are highly contaminated with metal ions, anions and pesticides. For analysis of these toxic substances from the environmental and biological samples, sophisticated and expensive instruments are being used. The present work deals with the developmentof a simple, faster, sensitive and economicalmethod forthe analysis of toxic substances present in the different samples. Methods: The general methods for synthesis and characterization of metallic (Ag, Au, Cu and graphene) nanoparticles and conductive polymer for its the development of conductive nano-ink, and fabrication of paper substrate by direct deposition and laser, wax, or inkjet printing techniques is reported. Results: Paper-based sensors fabricated with different nanomaterials used as colorimetric, electrochemical and fluorescence-based chemical sensors for the quantitative determinationof pesticides, toxic metal ions in various biological and clinical samples have been comprehensively discussed in this review. Conclusion: The low-cost, rapid, eco-friendly, flexible, portable, paper-based sensors using nanoparticles (NPs) is on-demand for on-site detection of differentchemical constituents present in various environmental, biological and clinical samples.


Prosthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-427
Author(s):  
Simon Hazubski ◽  
Derya Bamerni ◽  
Andreas Otte

(1) Background: This paper presents a conceptual design for an anthropomorphic replacement hand made of silicone that integrates a sensory feedback system. In combination with a motorized orthosis, it allows performing movements and registering information on the flexion and the pressure of the fingers. (2) Methods: To create the replacement hand, a three-dimensional (3D) scanner was used to scan the hand of the test person. With computer-aided design (CAD), a mold was created from the hand, then 3D-printed. Bending and force sensors were attached to the mold before silicone casting to implement the sensory feedback system. To achieve a functional and anthropomorphic appearance of the replacement hand, a material analysis was carried out. In two different test series, the properties of the used silicones were analyzed regarding their mechanical properties and the manufacturing process. (3) Results: Individual fingers and an entire hand with integrated sensors were realized, which demonstrated in several tests that sensory feedback in such an anthropomorphic replacement hand can be realized. Nevertheless, the choice of silicone material remains an open challenge, as there is a trade-off between the hardness of the material and the maximum mechanical force of the orthosis. (4) Conclusion: Apart from manufacturing-related issues, it is possible to cost-effectively create a personalized, anthropomorphic replacement hand, including sensory feedback, by using 3D scanning and 3D printing techniques.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5525
Author(s):  
Paweł Turek ◽  
Paweł Pakla ◽  
Grzegorz Budzik ◽  
Bogumił Lewandowski ◽  
Łukasz Przeszłowski ◽  
...  

The application of anatomical models and surgical templates in maxillofacial surgery allows, among other benefits, the increase of precision and the shortening of the operation time. Insufficiently precise anastomosis of the broken parts of the mandible may adversely affect the functioning of this organ. Applying the modern mechanical engineering methods, including computer-aided design methods (CAD), reverse engineering (RE), and rapid prototyping (RP), a procedure used to shorten the data processing time and increase the accuracy of modelling anatomical structures and the surgical templates with the use of 3D printing techniques was developed. The basis for developing and testing this procedure was the medical imaging data DICOM of patients treated at the Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of the Fryderyk Chopin Provincial Clinical Hospital in Rzeszów. The patients were operated on because of malignant tumours of the floor of the oral cavity and the necrosis of the mandibular corpus, requiring an extensive resection of the soft tissues and resection of the mandible. Familiarity with and the implementation of the developed procedure allowed doctors to plan the operation precisely and prepare the surgical templates and tools in terms of the expected accuracy of the procedures. The models obtained based on this procedure shortened the operation time and increased the accuracy of performance, which accelerated the patient’s rehabilitation in the further course of events.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document