Adaptation of Iranian and Semitic loanwords in the Ancient Greek language: 'garden' / ' garden of Eden’ (on the example of the lexemes παράδεισος and a number of γάνος-γανναθ — (αλ)γοναιναθ)

The object of this research is the problems of functionality of Iranian and Semitic loanwords in the Ancient Greek language, while the subject is the lexemes παράδεισος, γάνος, γανναθ, (αλ)γοναιναθ. The authors meticulously examine such aspects of the topic as the morphological and phonetic assimilation of foreign language lexicon, nonobservance of phonotactics of the Greek language, impact of folk etymology upon the word form , absence of diacritics in conveying Semitic borrowings in the Greek language. Special attention is given  to the problems of etymologization, nuances of dictionary definitions throughout different periods: classical, Hellenistic, Hellenistic-Roman, Late Antique, and Byzantine. It is noted that over time, close ties with barbarian peoples affected the Greek language itself. The main conclusion consists in determination of the gradation of lexemes under review in accordance with the degree of their adaptation to the Greek phonetics and phonotactics, as well as morphology. The author's special contribution to this research consists in proving the results and conclusions of a range of previous studies, as well as in critical coverage of the controversial concepts. The novelty lies in the proposed etymology of the lexeme παράδεισος, and the new interpretation of its vocalism. The relevance of this work lies in involving rare lexicon, which previously has not received due attention within the existing scientific tradition.

Internal communication torn between employees' and management's expectations: an empirical study of employee magazines

PurposeEditors of employee magazines may be torn between diverging expectations among their stakeholders. The management might be interested in strategically supportive communication, whereas employees might expect objective, independent, or critical coverage. Based on quantitative data, the paper aims to analyze how the editors perceive these expectations, how they see their professional role in this field of tension and how critically the magazines report.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a quantitative survey of 197 editors of employee magazines and a quantitative content analysis of 200 articles of employee magazines.FindingsEditors perceive differences regarding the expectations of management and employees. These discrepancies, in turn, contribute to the experience of role conflicts. Our analysis reveals three types of editors: the voice of the management, the critical observer and the consensus-oriented mediator.Originality/valueThe study addresses the scarcely investigated area of conflict in which editors of employee magazines work. It is one of the first studies to analyze editors' perceived expectations of stakeholders, their professional self-perception and potential role conflicts with a quantitative survey. For the first time, quantitative methods are used to examine the causes of editors' role conflicts.

Evaluating the Influence of Policy Certainty and Violence on Coverage of Policy Issues in Pakistani Media

This article examines the government and press relationship in the context of foreign policy related issues in Pakistan, where the nature of [policy]issues are subjected to frequent changes. The content analysis of three selected issues reflects the existence of soft relationship between media and government in the [violent]issue of Kashmir and Salala check post attack while the policy uncertainty in the issue to join the Saudi Arab led military coalition, instead of soft relations, triggered, comparatively more critical coverage in the selected newspapers- Dawn and The News.

Analyzing media–government relations on policy issues in the semi-democratic milieu of Pakistan

In this study, the researcher examines some of the key arguments in the scholarship on media–government relations by analyzing press reporting of four different events in the securitized context of Pakistan. For this purpose, framing analysis of one elite English newspaper Dawn and one popular Urdu newspaper daily Jang was conducted. Overall, the results are mixed. The tragic event of Salala check post did not result in critical coverage. On the other hand, policy uncertainty on participation in the Yemeni conflict produced critical coverage. In case of Kashmir conflict, the broader political consensus was responsible for supportive coverage. Similarly, the unpopular step of giving extension to army chief was mainly reported in neutral fashion with some procedural criticism.

Mistrust in media will fuel US populism

Subject 'Fake news' and US politics. Significance Throughout his presidency and the campaign that preceded it, Donald Trump has attacked news media that broadcast or write critical coverage of him and his circle. His habitual denial of unfavourable reports has established ‘fake news’, ‘alternative facts’ and ‘post-truth’ in the political lexicon. In contrast to Trump’s shifting positions on policy questions, the president’s animus for the media has been one of the constant aspects of his presidency. Impacts Trump’s central focus on his personal legitimacy will see him increase attacks on the media as difficulties mount. Deregulation will concentrate corporate ownership of local and national media, exacerbating the polarisation of news. Increased regulation of social media platforms is unlikely to restore consumer trust. The traditional media will probably cater to concentrated pockets of affluent and educated consumers.

Words and War

This chapter explores globalization, resistance, and identity as forces shaping the relationship between Osama bin Laden and the Qatar-based Al Jazeera news network. Both al Qaeda's and Al Jazeera's rise to global prominence were made possible by globalization and networked transnational media, namely the Internet and satellite television. Al Jazeera was often credited with building a new public sphere and pan-Arab identity while at the same time providing an Arab perspective on the series of U.S.-led incursions in the Middle East that became known as the War on Terror. Its rise happened to coincide with al Qaeda's rise and occurred amid extensive American forays into the Middle East, which were widely opposed in the region and thus led to highly critical coverage of a range of U.S. actions and policies toward the region and toward Muslims.

Unemployment Insurance

In response to massive unemployment, in 1934, President Franklin Roosevelt charged members of the Committee on Economic Security to create a “cradle to grave” social-security system. The resultant Social Security Act of 1935 had the Unemployment Insurance (UE) program as its cornerstone. While Congress and the general public were more interested in old-age assistance, members of the Committee on Economic Security and their staff felt the Unemployment Insurance program was the most important element of the entire legislation. The program was designed to address unemployment caused by economic conditions and to regulate industrial employment. The Unemployment Insurance program, a federal–state partnership, has a number of critical coverage criteria. The importance of the Unemployment Insurance program and the complexity of interpreting both federal and state laws cannot be overstated.

The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory

The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory provides comprehensive and critical coverage of the lively and contested field of political theory. Long recognized as one of the main branches of political science, political theory has in recent years burgeoned in many different directions. In this book forty-five articles by distinguished political theorists look at the state of the field, where it has been in the recent past, and where it is likely to go in future. They examine political theory's edges as well as its core, the globalizing context of the field, and the challenges presented by social, economic, and technological changes. The Handbook is one of The Oxford Handbooks of Political Science — a ten-volume set of reference books offering authoritative and engaging critical overviews of the state of political science.