optical appearance
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Abigail Trujillo-Vazquez ◽  
Harrie Fuller ◽  
Susanne Klein ◽  
Carinna Parraman

Unlike regular pigments based on selective light absorption, the so-called “effect pigments″ are based on the phenomena of structural color, or selective reflectance. Structural color has appealing aesthetic qualities, such as angle-dependent hue, and is able to produce lightfast colors. When used as a pigment, however, the gamut of the print is more limited, the color is difficult to measure, and therefore color management and preprint process become challenging. The aim of this paper is to compare the behavior of effect pigments in the processes of lithographic and screen printing with standard pigments used in so-called process inks, and to analyze their optical properties when used on their own or in combination with absorption pigments. An image of amber beads was printed as screen prints and lithographs. Three sets of inks were used: Set one: Standard process inks in the colors cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK); set two: RGB inks formulated with Merck Spectraval™ pearlescent pigments which allow additive red, green, blue printing on a black substrate; and set three: golden inks formulated with pigments from the Merck Iriodin™ and Pyrisma™ effect pigment range. The image was printed on white and black paper. The optical appearance was assessed visually, and spectra and color coordinates were measured.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (08) ◽  
pp. 036
Author(s):  
Merce Guerrero ◽  
Gonzalo J. Olmo ◽  
Diego Rubiera-Garcia ◽  
Diego Sáez-Chillón Gómez

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Duy Khiem Nguyen ◽  
Chang-Hyun Jang

We developed a liquid crystal (LC) aptamer biosensor for the sensitive detection of amoxicillin (AMX). The AMX aptamer was immobilized onto the surface of a glass slide modified with a mixed self-assembled layer of dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride (DMOAP) and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). The long alkyl chains of DMOAP maintained the LC molecules in a homeotropic orientation and induced a dark optical appearance under a polarized light microscope (POM). In the presence of AMX, the specific binding of the aptamer and AMX molecules induced a conformational change in the aptamers, leading to the disruption of the homeotropic orientation of LCs, resulting in a bright optical appearance. The developed aptasensor showed high specificity and a low detection limit of 3.5 nM. Moreover, the potential application of the developed aptasensor for the detection of AMX in environmental samples was also demonstrated. Therefore, the proposed aptasensor is a promising platform for simple, rapid, and label-free monitoring of AMX in an actual water environment with high selectivity and sensitivity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 872-883
Author(s):  
Sven Klaschik ◽  
Richard K. Ellerkmann ◽  
Jennifer Gehlen ◽  
Stilla Frede ◽  
Tobias Hilbert

Abstract Vitally essential red fluids like packed cells and red wine are seriously influenced in quality when stored over prolonged periods. In the case of red cell concentrates, the resulting storage lesion has particular significance in perioperative medicine. We hypothesized that, in contrast, aging rather improves the properties of red wine in several ways. A translational approach, including (I) in vitro experiments, (II) a randomized, blinded crossover trial of acute clinical effects, and (III) a standardized red wine blind tasting was used. Three monovarietal wines (Cabernet Sauvignon, Chianti, Shiraz) in three different vintages (range 2004–2016), each 5 years different, were assessed. Assessments were performed at a German university hospital (I, II) and on a garden terrace during a mild summer evening (III). Young wines induced cell stress and damage while significantly reducing cytoprotective proteins in HepG2 hepatoma cells. Sympathetic activity and multitasking skills were altered depending on wines’ ages. Hangovers tended to be aggravated by young red wine. Aged variants performed better in terms of aroma and overall quality but worse in optical appearance. We found no evidence for a red wine storage lesion. However, we plead for consensus-based guidelines for proper storage, as it is common in clinical medicine.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (28) ◽  
pp. eaba6728
Author(s):  
Monirosadat Sadati ◽  
Jose A. Martinez-Gonzalez ◽  
Ye Zhou ◽  
Nader Taheri Qazvini ◽  
Khia Kurtenbach ◽  
...  

Liquid crystals are known to exhibit intriguing textures and color patterns, with applications in display and optical technologies. This work focuses on chiral materials and examines the palette of morphologies that arises when microdroplets are deformed into nonspherical shapes in a controllable manner. Specifically, geometrical confinement and mechanical strain are used to manipulate orientational order, phase transitions, and topological defects that arise in chiral liquid crystal droplets. Inspired by processes encountered in nature, where insects and animals often rely on strain and temperature to alter the optical appearance of dispersed liquid crystalline elements, chiral droplets are dispersed in polymer films and deformation induced by uniaxial or biaxial stretching. Our measurements are interpreted by resorting to simulations of the corresponding systems, thereby providing an in-depth understanding of the morphologies that arise in these materials. The reported structures and assemblies offer potential for applications in smart coatings, smart fabrics, and wearable sensors.


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Leimbach ◽  
Christoph Tschaar ◽  
Udo Schmidt ◽  
Andreas Bund

2019 ◽  
Vol 360 ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming Jensen ◽  
Visweswara Chakravarthy Gudla ◽  
Ib Kongstad ◽  
Rajan Ambat

Author(s):  
Barbara Siebert ◽  
Geralt Siebert

<p>In terms of rehabilitation of existing buildings, a new façade is often planned and build to make the building more sustainable. In more and more cases, not only new windows, but also completely new façades and even so-called double skin facades are being constructed. This second skin has several advantages like sound protection, possibility of natural ventilation, contribution to energy balance and others. The paper will give basic requirements and information about this type of facade. One recently realized project is a high rise building of more than 100m height in Munich, listed as a historic building – so additional attention to optical appearance was necessary. And moreover, curved insolation glass units had to be used; since there are no regulations, special theoretical investigations and calculations had to be carried out.</p>


Author(s):  
Lim Wei Lee ◽  
Mario Stefenelli ◽  
Agala Joel Baldevia ◽  
Napetschnig Evelyn
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (30) ◽  
pp. 4231-4246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Wildner ◽  
Dietmar Drummer

If fillers can be added to transparent materials without losing transparency, then advantages like enhanced mechanical and thermal properties can be integrated. The investigated specimens consist of glass particles and refractive index oil as a model for transparent matrices with a very similar refractive index. Their optical properties and resulting limitations are described. Potential uses are also demonstrated by application-oriented optical testing. Besides a standard spectrometer, additional spectrometer setups were used. These include a diffuse as well as a collimated illumination and different sample positioning. Furthermore, the scattered light intensity was measured at different angles. This analysis reveals that composites with smaller particles transmit more light directly. In contrast, standard spectrometers indicate an increasing direct transmittance of composites with larger particles. They collect significant amounts of scattered light and, therefore, are not suitable for transmission measurements of such composites. The different positioning shows that all specimens exhibit very little scattering when placed directly on a diffuse light source. With a greater distance between specimen and light source, the scattering increases strongly. To display the composites' optical appearance, the light-dark-contrast of the diffuse white light source photographed behind the composite was analyzed. Both long and short distances between composite and light source lead to a precise image of the light source. Nevertheless, the white light source appears in the color of the wavelength with matching refractive indices at long distances.


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