Quality of medical care in Russia

The system of providing medical care belongs to the sphere of economic activity referred to as «range of services» in Russia.The main criterion in the provision of services is the receipt of the final intended effect, which fully satisfies the customer of this service. If the final intended effect is not achieved, then this service cannot be considered as completed.In medical care, there is no final guaranteed result. The purpose of providing medical care is the very process of its provision.The intended result of treatment cannot be guaranteed, but the provider of medical care is obliged to apply all their experience and knowledge to achieve the most useful effect for the patient.Russian legislation provides for the evaluation of the quality of medical care based on the final effect. This approach to solving the issue of medical care improvement quality does not allow the healthcare in Russia to adequately develop since the main emphasis is placed on the administrative command system of control and motivation of doctors to their work. The openness of the medical community to the society leads to an inadequate evaluation of the inevitable medical failures, complications and problems in the field of medical treatment. The absence of medical practice institution in Russia and the prevalence of hired labor of doctors deprive the medical community of one of the main criteria for the development of medicine — the discretion, provided personal responsibility before a patient. In fact, it is impossible to receive high quality medical care under circumstances where a physician is only a hired "addition" to the material and technical base of a medical institution.The solution to the above problems can be found on condition of separating healthcare in Russia into a special sphere of economic activity with its own legal determination, structure, management, legislation. It is necessary to isolate medical community from society as much as possible, to limit free access to special information for public inspection and non-expert accusations. We should rely on the development of medical practice in the country as it fullestly reflects doctor's competence independent on the will of the employer.

Intention-based and sensory-based predictions

We inhabit a continuously changing world, where the ability to anticipate future states of the environment is critical for adaptation. Anticipation can be achieved by learning about the causal or temporal relationship between sensory events, as well as by learning to act on the environment to produce an intended effect. Together, sensory-based and intention-based predictions provide the flexibility needed to successfully adapt. Yet it is currently unknown whether the two sources of information are processed independently to form separate predictions, or are combined into a common prediction. To investigate this, we ran an experiment in which the final tone of two possible four-tone sequences could be predicted from the preceding tones in the sequence and/or from the participants’ intention to trigger that final tone. This tone could be congruent with both sensory-based and intention-based predictions, incongruent with both, or congruent with one while incongruent with the other. Trials where predictions were incongruent with each other yielded similar prediction error responses irrespectively of the violated prediction, indicating that both predictions were formulated and coexisted simultaneously. The violation of intention-based predictions yielded late additional error responses, suggesting that those violations underwent further differential processing which the violations of sensory-based predictions did not receive.

Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak, Pengetahuan Peraturan Pajak, dan Penyuluhan Perpajakan terhadap Kepatuhan Pembayaran Pajak Transaksi E-Commerce di Surabaya

Testing the intended effect for the taxpayer, knowledge of tax regulations, and tax counseling with transaction tax payment compliance for e-commerce actors is the purpose of this research. The research population involves E-commerce actors in the fashion sector who operate on Instagram social media accounts and are located in Surabaya. Multiple Linear Regression is the provision chosen in the data analysis model of this study because this study was designed to examine the influence of the independent variable with the dependent variable. The study results indicate that the growing awareness of taxpayers has a negative and insignificant effect on compliance with paying taxes for e-commerce actors. Knowledge of tax regulations partially found a significant positive effect on tax compliance for e-commerce actors. Then, other results show that partial tax counseling has a positive effect that is not considered significant on tax compliance for e-commerce players.

Impression Management

Impression management is defined as controlling how one is seen by others. Most of the important outcomes in life, including friends, romantic partners, job opportunities, and happiness, are contingent on how one is perceived in social situations. Since the 1950s scholars across multiple disciplines of social science have noted the importance of impression management and have developed key theoretical interpretations and taxonomies of how, why, and for whom impression management occurs and whether it is likely to have its intended effect. Virtually any behavior can be used for impression management purposes, and the desired outcomes range from positive, when the behaviors are intended to be seen in a favorable light, to negative, when the behaviors are intended to be seen in an unfavorable light. Although impression management has been relatively free of controversy as a scholarly topic, some disagreements have formed around the ethics of managing impressions, how to best measure impression management, and whether impression management explains some of the more venerable topics in social science such as prosocial behavior, cognitive dissonance, and moral judgment. A typical episode of impression management occurs when an actor performs an act in the hope of influencing targets in a certain way, and scholarly work has noted the importance of the target in this process since the target is not only the audience who judges the actors’ performances but also the critic who provides the actors with feedback that can be used in subsequent performances. Other work has investigated how easy it is to mismanage an impression, such as when “humble bragging” and giving “backhanded compliments.”

Method to Record and Analyze the Operation of Seal Robot in Elderly Care

Robot therapy, a mental health care through interactions with robots, has attracted attention as a new method of dementia care. In particular, the therapeutic seal robot named “PARO” is being widely used. When using PARO in elderly facilities, caregivers called “handlers” encourage the elderly people to interact with PARO. However, the usage of PARO was left to the handlers itself. Therefore, there was no intended effect in certain cases. To solve this problem, this study aims to develop a method to record the behaviors of handlers and the reactions of elderly people during the robot therapy and a method to support planning by analyzing the recorded data. A Bayesian network was applied to analyze the relationship between the handler’s behavior and the elderly people’s reactions. To verify usefulness, the experiment was conducted at four elderly facilities between November 2019 and January 2020. The participants were 12 handlers and 21 elderly people. We observed the robot therapy using PARO for 20 min, and subsequently, conducted interviews. Consequently, a model that visualized the relationship between the handler’s behaviors and the elderly people’s reactions was obtained from 40 observed cases. The interviews confirmed that the model was useful for planning a robot therapy.

Eye and Whip

This chapter explores the overlap between corruption and inefficiency. This chapter also evaluates the merits of different accountability mechanisms featured in the existing literature, such as: vertical and horizontal accountability, fire alarm and police patrol oversight, and bottom-up and top-down monitoring. Irrespective of the accountability mechanism that is ultimately preferred, it seems clear that those who wish to promote integrity in government must, first, have the means to uncover wrongdoing, and, second, be in a credible position to threaten wrongdoers with punishment. Stated simply, additional layers of oversight will only have the intended effect if government officials sense that abusing their power has some probability of resulting in punishment.

Induction of cryptic pre-mRNA splice-switching by antisense oligonucleotides

Antisense oligomers (AOs) are increasingly being used to modulate RNA splicing in live cells, both for research and for the development of therapeutics. While the most common intended effect of these AOs is to induce skipping of whole exons, rare examples are emerging of AOs that induce skipping of only part of an exon, through activation of an internal cryptic splice site. In this report, we examined seven AO-induced cryptic splice sites in six genes. Five of these cryptic splice sites were discovered through our own experiments, and two originated from other published reports. We modelled the predicted effects of AO binding on the secondary structure of each of the RNA targets, and how these alterations would in turn affect the accessibility of the RNA to splice factors. We observed that a common predicted effect of AO binding was disruption of the exon definition signal within the exon’s excluded segment.

Features of the nominative situation and principles of nomination in zoonomy

The article attempts to structure the motivational side, as well as the principles of nomination in the formation of the zoonemic layer of onomastic vocabulary. From the point of view of the onomasiological approach, the onomastic nomination is analyzed in the aspect of modeling of the nominative situation, where the specific properties of zoonyms as one of the bits of the names of their own are taken into account. Terminological definition is carried out in connection with the polyemanticity of the term “zoonym”. It is concluded that the reconstruction of the nominative situation (initial motives of the nomination) allows to interpret it as much as possible in order to further use this information in the identification of associative relations. Factors that create a nominative situation when creating a zoonim have been identified. These include both linguistic and extralinguistic: the purpose of the nomination, the age of the nominee, phonetic features of the supposed onim, the inner world of man, associative connections, the influence of zoonimical stereotype. Each component in the nomination process affects the selection of a ready-made name or the creation of a new one in its own way. Synthesis of participation of factors in creation of a nominative situation when forming a zoonim allowed to formulate the basic principles of the nomination characteristic of area of a zoonimiya and also levels on which these principles are based (actually object, object and subject). The distribution of principles by named levels is reflected. It is concluded that the main principles are the nomination of an object by its properties; Nomination as a result of the intended effect of the perception of others; Nomination as a reflection of the inner world and the nominee 's interests, emerging associations; Nomination taking into account the scale of zoonomic stereotypes. It is concluded that the creation of zoonyms is the result of a conscious strategy of the nominee, which reflects the peculiarities of the national specificity of thinking and relevant associative ties in the process of creation.

Challenges of Translating Poetry: The Filipino Translation of William Shakespear's Sonnet 18

Translation plays an important role in understanding different cultures and societies. Among the various kinds of translation, many scholars have debated the difficulty even impossibility of literary translation, especially Poetry. Translation of poetry requires the preservation of the specific aesthetic and expressive value when the work is transferred from the source language to the target language, which may be changed or altered after translating the work. This study discusses the different linguistic, cultural, and aesthetic issues in translating poetry. This study also discusses the translation issues in the Filipino translation of William Shakespeare�s Sonnet 18. The study shows the complications and sometimes impossibility in translating poetry as compared to other literary works like prose. This study is significant as it encourages experimental strategies that can show the uniqueness of translation as a linguistic and cultural practice.As a result, it can be concluded that the task of the translator is not to express what is to be conveyed but to find the intended effect upon the language into which she/he is translating in a way that leads to produce the echo of the original, even though it is impossible to be able to create a replica of the original text.