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Author(s):  
Maradi Sangrama Nayaka ◽  
T. Suresh ◽  
S. Manjappa ◽  
B. Suresh

The assessment of groundwater quality is essential for the conservation of natural resources. Hence, this study aims to assess the hydrochemistry of groundwater in and around the Nagalapura Taluk in Bellary district, Karnataka, India. The groundwater quality variables are mapped using a Geographic Information System (GIS). For the hypothesis, the mean value of ten groundwater quality variables was obtained from 50 bore well samples (2016-2018). To assess the lead ions and type of water, the USSL, SAR, and Na% were measured. Ionic ratio and Gibbs graphs were used to demonstrate the chemical reactions in the water samples. ArcGIS was used for spatial analysis of the quality variables. The results showed the order of Cl- > SO42- > HCO3- with water types Na+-Cl- and Cl-, and the order of Na+ > Mg++ > Ca++ > K+ with Na+ and Mg++ as the dominant anion and cation, respectively. The hydrochemistry of groundwater is determined by the geological structure in 64 percent of the water samples examined. The Wilcox diagram shows that no-alkali exposure to the crops is expected. Forty one samples (82%) fit within the C3-S1 group; this category is fit for irrigational needs. Only 01 and 03 samples showed maximum SAR during two seasons like pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The maps showed that groundwater in the selected sites is usually of higher quality, whereas the presence of dolomite indicates a reduction in water quality.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-491
Author(s):  
Subramanian Arivoli ◽  
Miriam Vassou ◽  
Samuel Tennyson ◽  
Athikesavan Ramanan ◽  
Selvaraj Divya ◽  
...  

Quality of soil and water are determined by measuring the concentration of their parameters and comparing them with standards. In the present study, soil samples (top, sub and inner) from three zones, zone 1 (industrial area), zone 2 (10km from industrial area) and zone 3 (agricultural land/fields) of Puliyanthangal village, and the bore well, well and pond water samples of Kathiyavadi village were analysed from January 2019 to December 2019. Soil texture was sandy loam in all the zones. The pooled values for pH, electrical conductivity (dS/m), organic carbon (%), available nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, iron, manganese, zinc and copper (mg/Kg) tested in zone 1, 2 and 3 were 7.9, 6.8 and 6.8; 0.3, 0.3 and 0.1; 0.09, 0.5 and 0.5; 11.7, 96.0 and 137.8; 4.5, 4.5 and 4.2; 88.3, 111.3 and 206.7; 3.6, 3.4 and 3.7; 2.1, 1.7 and 2.3; 0.4, 0.3 and 0.2; and 0.7, 0.5 and 0.7, respectively. The bore well and well water samples were clear and colourless without odour, whereas the pond water was slightly yellowish in appearance and colour, and without odour in all the three zones. The physicochemical parameters viz., water temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, pH, total alkalinity and total hardness for bore well, well and pond water were 27.9, 22.8 and 33.0°C; 975, 1532 and 737μS/cm; 0, 1 and 11NTU; 683, 1072 and 516mg/L; 7.4, 7.8 and 7.3; 276, 344 and 248mg/L; and 190, 732 and 272mg/L, respectively. Calcium, magnesium, free ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, fluoride, sulphate and phosphate represented the nutrient parameters and their respective values (mg/L) were 41, 174 and 58; 21, 71 and 30; 0, 0 and 1.1; 24, 29 and 22; 0, 0 and 0.8; 100, 184 and 60; 0.4, 0.4 and 0.4; 77, 120 and 49; 0, 0 and 0.8. The values of metal parameters reported nil except for iron (0.2mg/L) in pond water. The study inferred that the waning nature of soil and water might be due to location of industrial units.


Author(s):  
Subhodha S M

Internet of Things (IoT) which is a network based on the physical systems which it can be exhibited in the form of a typical embedded system including electronic devices such as sensors. The connectivity of the network which can be enabled by these objects for exchanging and collecting data. Here in this project our main goal is to help the backbone of Indian economy which basically is farming. The technical graduates of India are supposed to help in this regard, hence we have choose this project namely ‘AUGUMENTED GREEN REVOLUTION USING IOT”. As the name indicates we have planned to combine many technologies into a single plot, which we are assuming to be a new revolution in green industry. First we understood the current agricultural disputes of our local farmers, thereby understanding the possible solutions for it we have tried to solve some of them. The problems which we identified are Irregularity of three phase current, damaging of crops, burning of bore well motor coil due to dry run, loss of crops due to scarcity of water, difficulty of growing multiple crop on the same land, improper irrigation. To overcome all this problems we have undergone sufficient research and obtained all the possible solutions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Udaykumar M.S.

The study was undertaken in North of Bengaluru to assess the quantum of credit borrowed, sources of credit and its utilization pattern by farm households across rural urban interface. The required primary data was collected from randomly selected 50 farmers each under rural, peri-urban and urban transacts. The results revealed that the farmers availed more credit from formal sources compared to informal sources across all transacts. Commercial banks occupied the prominent position in all the three transacts with a share of 52.25, 53.15 and 42.17 per cent in rural, peri-urban and urban areas, respectively followed by cooperatives among the formal sources. In case of informal sources, the amount borrowed was high in rural area (40.06 %) followed by peri-urban (24.13 %) and urban area (15.89 %). Furthermore, the amount borrowed among informal sources was more from the money lenders and commission agents. When crop loans are concerned, the peri urban farmers are more productive in proper utilization of the loans followed by urban and rural farmers. Credit borrowed in rural areas was primarily utilized on livestock (32 %), education (32 %) and bore well digging (22 %). Whereas, majority of farmers in peri-urban area and urban areas utilized credit for high value horticulture crops and livestock rearing. In case of high value crops, for digging of bore well and livestock rearing, the utilization percentage was cent per cent or even more in all the areas. It was because these crops will help in getting assured returns which is sufficient enough to meet their household expenditure when compared with the normal crop enterprises.


Author(s):  
R. Gayathiri ◽  
M. Nalini ◽  
R. Archana ◽  
M. Varsha Nambiar ◽  
S. Kishore
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Dilip Kumar ◽  
Rajib Kumar Bhattacharjya

Abstract Springs, the primary source of water in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, are disappearing day by day. A report published by United Nations Development Program in 2015 indicates that due to deforestation, and forest fire, the groundwater of the state has been reduced by 50% between 2007 and 2010. As such, for taking proper adaptation policies for the state, it is necessary to monitor the state's groundwater fluctuation. Unfortunately, the bore well data are very limited. Thus, we are proposing two general regression neural network (GRNN)-based models for fast estimation of groundwater fluctuation. The first model evaluates and predicts the groundwater fluctuation in the five known bore well data districts of the state, and the second model, which is based on the first model along with a correlation matrix, predicts the groundwater fluctuation in the districts where no bore well data are available. The assessment of the results shows that the proposed GRNN-based model is capable of estimating the groundwater fluctuation both in the areas where bore well data are available and the areas where bore well data are not available. The study shows that there is a sharp decline in the groundwater level in the hilly districts of the state.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1767 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
S RenugaDevi ◽  
M Dharshini ◽  
K Gayathri ◽  
B Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Sanjay Sarkar ◽  
Gouri Sarkar ◽  
Kalipada Sarkar

Author(s):  
Mukhlis Mukhlis ◽  
Abdi Sahrial Harahap

The existence of ACT in Duri, Bengkalis Regency, is a global humanitarian organization based on voluntarism. In implementing the institution, there are several waqf programs, including renovation of houses of worship and drilled clean water wells for the needs of and helping the poor in the Duri area. This research was conducted with a descriptive approach, namely, interview, observation, interview, and referring to journals related to this research. In this case, it becomes the research subject: Implementation of the Waqf Program while being the object of research at the ACT Duri Branch Unit. The presence of ACT Duri Branch provides a new phenomenon in accommodating the hopes of the community in issuing their assets in the form of waqf, both cash waqf, assets, land, livestock, businesses that have enormous beneficial value for the welfare of the ummah. The programs promoted by ACT Duri Branch focused on renovating houses of worship and drilling wells. The bore well program is implemented to address the educational needs of the pesantren children and the pesantren's surrounding communities who are in dire need given that the clean water conditions in Duri are very uneven and where clean water is located. In this condition, ACT Duri is taking steps to make drilling wells the flagship waqf program in the Duri area.


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