Wave theory of the laminated plates with approximate consideration of the transverse shear

Composite materials are widely used in the production of aircraft for various purposes. Having several unique properties, composites, due to their heterogeneous structure, are poorly resistant to shock loads. Impulse action spreads inside the material in the form of stress waves, which are reflected on internal inhomogeneities, can overlap, and create very significant bursts of stress. This often leads to the well-known types of failure – spalling and delamination. Practice shows that these fractures occur almost immediately after the loading impulse. To verify the spalling strength, it is necessary to consider the initial unsteady phase of the response to the external impulse. There are sufficiently reliable theories to verify this strength; usually, they do not take transverse shear into account, otherwise the solution becomes unnecessarily cumbersome and poorly observable. Nevertheless, attempts are often made to refine the calculations by approximate consideration of transverse shear. This article presents the wave theory of laminated plates with approximate consideration of transverse shear. The possibility of specifying the calculation of impulse-loaded plates is considered. The inconsistency of the resulting model is proved.

Features of modeling of stress and strain waves in an anisotropic medium on the example of a wooden element

This article describes the hypotheses of the occurrence, propagation, and modification of stress and strain waves caused by external loads in isotropic and anisotropic infinite and finite elastic media. A model of an infinite elastic medium experiencing a point external impulse is presented. The model demonstrates the propagation of a longitudinal plane wave. Compaction and rarefaction of the medium are observed in the plane with wave propagation. A graph of changes in the amplitude of a longitudinal plane wave is presented in the same coordinate system. The problem is posed of expanding the numerical model of a finite elastic medium in the form of an anisotropic wooden rod experiencing a plane external impulse. The model should demonstrate the propagation of longitudinal and transverse waves and describe the volumetric deformation of an anisotropic material. Compaction and rarefaction of the medium are shown in the plane, coinciding with the direction of wave propagation. A graph of the change in the shear wave amplitude is presented in the same coordinate system. The combination of these two graphsreveals the difference in wave propagation velocities and the combination of amplitudes. The model will make it possible to identify the presence of Rayleigh waves and to describe the reflection of waves from the boundary of the medium.

THE QUALITY MODEL ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT (OCAI)

Organisational culture is a system of shared beliefs and values in the organisation and directs its members' behaviour. There are various factors of change that influence organisational culture; various things are done to anticipate changes in the shift from the present situation to the desired conditions in a sustainable change. On the one hand, change occurs because of external factors that encourage change; on the other hand, change is an internal need. Change can be interpreted as absolute and unavoidable because of the strong external impulse and internal needs. This research carried out at PT Briscor Horizon in 2020. This research was qualitative, namely research that intends to understand the phenomenon of what is experienced by the research subject holistic, and by way of description in the form of words and language, in a particular natural context and by utilising various natural methods. Data collection techniques used by researchers are interviews, documentation, and field observations.

Perturbative calculations of entanglement entropy

This paper is an attempt to extend the recent understanding of the Page curve for evaporating black holes to more general systems coupled to a heat bath. Although calculating the von Neumann entropy by the replica trick is usually a challenge, we have identified two solvable cases. For the initial section of the Page curve, we sum up the perturbation series in the system-bath coupling κ; the most interesting contribution is of order 2s, where s is the number of replicas. For the saturated regime, we consider the effect of an external impulse on the entropy at a later time and relate it to OTOCs. A significant simplification occurs in the maximal chaos case such that the effect may be interpreted in terms of an intermediate object, analogous to the branching surface of a replica wormhole.

External, Internal, and Perceived Training Loads and Their Relationships in Youth Basketball Players Across Different Positions

Purpose: To quantify external, internal, and perceived training loads and their relationships in youth basketball players across different playing positions. Methods: Fourteen regional-level youth male players (age: 15.2 [0.3] y) were monitored during team-based training sessions across 10 in-season weeks. The players were monitored with BioHarness-3 devices, to measure external (Impulse Load, in Newtons per second) and internal (summated-heart-rate zones [SHRZ], in arbitrary units [AU]) loads, and with the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE, in AU) method to quantify perceived training load. Multiple linear mixed models were performed to compare training loads between playing positions (backcourt and frontcourt). Repeated-measures correlations were performed to assess the relationships between the load models, for all players and within playing positions. Results: External load (backcourt: 13,599 [2260] N·s; frontcourt: 14,934 [2173] N·s) and sRPE (backcourt: 345 [132] AU; frontcourt: 505 [158] AU) were higher in the frontcourt (P < .05, effect size: moderate), while SHRZ was similar between positions (backcourt: 239 [45] AU; frontcourt: 247 [43] AU) (P > .05; effect size: trivial). The correlations were as follows: large between the external load and SHRZ (r = .57, P < .001), moderate between SHRZ and sRPE (r = .45, P < .001), and small between the external load and sRPE (r = .26, P = .02). The correlation magnitudes were equivalent for external load–SHRZ (large) and SHRZ–sRPE (moderate) across positions, but different for the external load–sRPE correlation (small in backcourt; moderate in frontcourt). Conclusions: In youth basketball, small–large commonalities were found between the training dose (external load) and players’ responses (internal and perceived loads). Practitioners should carefully manage frontcourt players’ training loads because they accumulate greater external and perceived loads than backcourt players do.

Transfer and Export in Architectural History •

Transferring a building type from its original context (in the sense of genius loci) into a foreign environment for which it was not intended, is equivalent to transplantation. As the case studies show, the evoked response does not necessarily have to be negative. Rather, this phenomenon is to be understood as an external impulse that influences regional architectural development.This paper examines the principle of the architectural-historical process in the territory of the Carpathian Basin in three periods. The case studies of the article are derived from the architecture of the Roman era (1st–5th centuries CE), the Ottoman era (16th–17th centuries CE) and the historical industrial architecture of the era of Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (19th–20th centuries CE), since the Carpathian Basin, the interference territory of Western and Eastern Europe, Northern Europe and the Balkans, was under the influence of states with centres in a different area. These being the Roman Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, all having a determinative influence on the following period’s architecture.Consequently, the influence of a relatively different culture with global dimensions can be examined within a regional context. This perspective leads to the actual question of architectural history: how the interaction of local and global architectural tendencies and features, the relationship between the centre, semi-periphery and periphery influence the examination of architectural processes and preservation of unique values. By examining the case studies, the paper establishes the categories of architectural transfer and architectural export. The aim of the paper is to stimulate discussions through further examples.Az olyan eset, amikor egy épülettípus eredeti kontextusából (a genius loci értelmében) átkerül egy, a kialakulási helyéhez képest idegen környezetbe, megegyezik az áttelepítés jelenségével. Amint azt az esettanulmányok mutatják, a kiváltott hatás nem feltétlen negatív, így a jelenséget sokkal inkább egy olyan külső impulzusként lehet értelmezni, amely befolyásolhatja a regionális építészeti fejlődést.A tanulmány három szakaszban vizsgálja az alapvető építészettörténeti folyamatokat a Kárpátmedence területén. Az írás esettanulmányai a római kor építészetéből (Kr. u. 1–5. század), az oszmán hódoltság korszakából (Kr. u. 16–17. század) és az Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia-korabeli történeti ipari építészet (Kr.u. 19–20. század) témaköreiből származnak. A Kárpát-medence Nyugat- és Kelet-Európa, valamint Észak-Európa és a Balkán-félsziget találkozási pontjában fekszik, és számos olyan államalakulat hatása érte, melynek központja e területen kívülre esett. A Római Birodalom, az Oszmán Birodalom és az Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia jelentős befolyást gyakorolt a vizsgált korszakok és terület építészetére.Következésképp a területen a tárgyalt időszakokban a helyitől viszonylag eltérő, globális léptékű kultúra hatása vizsgálható, regionális összefüggésben. Ez az aspektus az építészettörténet aktuális kérdéseihez vezet: miként befolyásolja a regionális és globális építészeti tendenciák és tulajdonságok kölcsönhatása, valamint a központ, a félperiféria és a periféria kapcsolata az építészeti folyamatok vizsgálatát és az egyedi értékek megőrzését. Az esettanulmányok vizsgálatával a tanulmány az építészeti transzfer és az építészeti export kategóriáit vezeti be. A szerzők szándéka, hogy írásukkal további példákat bemutató diskurzust ösztönözzenek.Was wir heute Architekturgeschichte nennen, ist die bauliche Manifestation einer Vielzahl von Faktoren, die auf den vielschichtigen Entstehungsprozess von historischen Gebäuden Einfluss genommen haben. Einer dieser Einflussfaktoren ist der Architekturtransfer, im Sinne eines Austausches von Wissen über das Bauen, der zwischen Regionen, Ländern und Kontinenten wirksam war. Durch diese Erweiterung des Aktionsradius wurde die Wirksamkeit von Architektur in der Baugeschichte vom Regionalen zum Überregionalen vergrößert, ab dem 17. Jh. gar zum Globalen expandiert. Im Rahmen des vorgelegten Artikels kann das Thema nicht umfassend und abschließend aufgearbeitet werden. Vielmehr soll das Phänomen an Fallstudien aus drei verschiedenen Zeitepochen (Römische Bauten 1–5. Jh., Osmanische Bauten 16–17 Jh. und Industriegebäude 19–20. Jh.) des geografisch klar umgrenzten Gebietes der Pannonischen Tiefebene angesprochen und zur Diskussion gestellt werden. Ausgangspunkt der Überlegung ist die Frage, ob der Architekturtransfer hinsichtlich seiner Motivation und seines Mechanismus vom Architekturexport zu unterscheiden ist, oder dieser lediglich eine Variation des Transfers darstellt.

Distributed-lag Linear Structural Equation Models in R: the dlsem Package

In this paper, an extension of linear Markovian structural causal models is introduced,called distributed-lag linear structural equation models (DLSEMs),where each factor of the joint probability distribution is adistributed-lag linear regression with constrained lag shapes.DLSEMs account for temporal delays in the dependence relationshipsamong the variables and allow to assess dynamic causal effects.As such, they represent a suitable methodology to investigate the effectof an external impulse on a multidimensional system through time.In this paper, we present the dlsem package for Rimplementing inference functionalities for DLSEMs.The use of the package is illustrated through an example on simulated dataand a real-world application aiming at assessing the impact of agriculturalresearch expenditure on multiple dimensions in Europe.

Influence of some Oxide Coating Layers on the Mechanical Properties of Steel Plates

The paper presents a vibroacoustic method to determining the stiffness of coated steel with various materials such as metal oxides, metallic paints, polymers etc and Young's modulus for coating materials. The method consists in measuring the dynamic response of the steel in the form of a rectangular bar subjected to external impulse. One of the latest non-destructive experimental techniques in this field is based on the analysis of vibrating signal response recorded with a condenser microphone. A Fast Fourier Transform algorithm is used for processing the sampled signals. Knowing the mechanical properties of steel plates prior to coating with metal oxides, and determining the same properties after coating, can be obtained the mechanical properties of metal oxides and their influence on the properties of the ensemble.

Influence of external disturbances to dynamic balance of the semi-anthropomimetic robot

The idea of building an artificial man extends through the entire history of mankind. In this paper we present a semi-anthropomimetic robot, as a structure that consists of an upper human-like body mounted on a cart (mobile platform). Semi-anthropomimetic robot uses the three-wheeled mobile platform (two driving wheels and one passive wheel). Upper body configuration is represented as an anthropomimetic structure with antagonistically coupled drives. The aim of this paper is analysis of the robot behaviour under disturbances. Two types of disturbances are examined: disturbances following from the cart motion, and external disturbances. External disturbances (external impulse and long term external force) emulate interaction of the robot with its environment. Numerous simulations were performed, in order to analyze the balance of the robot. Accordingly, appropriate dimensions of the mobile platform are estimated, relying on the ZMP concept. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR-35003 i br. III-44008] <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been retracted. Link to the retraction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/SJEE1603435E">10.2298/SJEE1603435E</a><u></b></font>