chronic vomiting
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Author(s):  
Thandalam K Anand ◽  
Pandurangan Basumani ◽  
Ramakrishnan Ravi
Keyword(s):  

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Alwafi ◽  
Mohammed S Samannodi ◽  
Mohammed Almatrafi ◽  
Khalil F Miyajan ◽  
Ahmed Bishara ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 102046
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Aqeela Najim Hameed Alkhamis ◽  
Reem Ali Abdulbaqi ◽  
Hanan ahmed Alkanani

In Practice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 348-361
Author(s):  
Stephanie Sorrell
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Martinez ◽  
Sandeep Rathod ◽  
Hunter J. Friesen ◽  
John M. Rosen ◽  
Craig A. Friesen ◽  
...  

Introduction: Rumination syndrome involves recurrent regurgitation of food and is believed to be underdiagnosed with patients experiencing long delays in diagnosis. It can be associated with significant social consequences, high rates of school absenteeism, and medical complications such as weight loss. The primary aims of the current review are to assess the literature regarding prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment outcomes with a focus on neurotypical children and adolescents.Results: Population studies in children/adolescents, 5 years of age or older, range from 0 to 5.1%. There are fewer studies in clinical settings, but the prevalence appears to be higher in patients with other gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly chronic vomiting. While physiologic changes that occur during a rumination episode are well-described, the underlying cause is less well-defined. In general, rumination appears to have similarities to other functional gastrointestinal disorders including dysmotility, possibly inflammation, and an interaction with psychologic function. While diaphragmatic breathing is considered the mainstay of treatment, pediatric data demonstrating efficacy is lacking, especially as an isolated treatment.Conclusion: Pediatric rumination syndrome remains greatly understudied, particularly regarding treatment. There is a need to better define prevalence in both the primary care and subspecialty clinical settings, especially in patients presenting with vomiting or apparent gastroesophageal reflux. There is a need to determine whether treatment of co-morbid conditions results in improvement of rumination. Diaphragmatic breathing needs to be studied and compared to other competing responses.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110262
Author(s):  
Kaitlin N Bahlmann ◽  
Steven J Bailey ◽  
Toni S Brooks

Case series summary Gastric diverticulum (GD) is a rare condition that is described adequately in humans but has not been reported in cats. This case series describes six cats with GD, including three that were published in a previous abstract. All cats presented for a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including chronic vomiting, weight loss and anorexia, and underwent negative contrast radiography to diagnose GD. All but one cat underwent surgical resection of the GD via partial gastrectomy, while the remaining cat was euthanized. Resection of the GD was associated with reduction of reported clinical signs. Relevance and novel information Gastric diverticula have never been reported in the cat. Negative contrast radiography appears to be a superior imaging technique in the diagnosis of feline GD. In cats with a vague chronic history, including vomiting, anorexia and weight loss, GD should be considered among the differential diagnoses. Further study and more cases need to be identified to better assess clinical problems referable to GD in the absence of other comorbidities. Maine Coon cats with GD appear to be over-represented.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-595
Author(s):  
Riyad Abbas ◽  
◽  
Rabbani Khalid ◽  
Louzi Abdelouahed ◽  
Finech Benasser ◽  
...  

The syndrome of the mesenteric clamp or Wilkies syndrome is defined by a compression of the third duodenum between the superior mesenteric artery, and the aorta . The symptoms are variable and non specific. Management is based first on medical treatment with recourse most often to surgery if failure. We report a review of the literature by reporting an observation of a case. Observation: This is a 27-year-old patient with a history of intermittent chronic vomiting since the age of 16, unexplored, who for the past 1 year has been worsening vomiting becoming persistent with epigastralgia. gravity, evolving in a context of deterioration of the general state and slimming. A high gastrointestinal endoscopy that showed significant gastric stasis, injected abdominal CT found a disparity in caliber against D3. An upper gastrointestinal fluoroscopy showed gastric stasis with a stomach reaching the pelvis. The management consisted in a surgical treatment after failure of the medical treatment with good evolution. The mesenteric forceps syndrome is a rare and benign condition. Positive diagnosis is hard on the scanner. The treatment is medical in the first place but the use of surgery is common.


2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Leah Soderman ◽  
Kenneth R. Harkin

ABSTRACT Infection with the stomach worm Physaloptera spp. in dogs can cause chronic vomiting, although the diagnosis is often difficult owing to a low worm burden, single-sex infections, a failure to produce ova, or ova that are of greater density than solutions routinely used for qualitative fecal flotation. A retrospective evaluation was performed of 27 dogs that had gastric Physaloptera spp. infection confirmed endoscopically. In 23 of 27 dogs (85.2%), chronic vomiting was the chief complaint, and Physaloptera was an incidental finding in 3 dogs with esophageal or gastric foreign bodies. The worm burden was low (1–3 worms) in 21 dogs (77.8%), but 2 dogs were infected with large numbers (>50 worms). Prior therapy with routine doses of anthelmintics was ineffective in eight dogs prior to endoscopy. A higher dose and longer duration of fenbendazole in combination with pyrantel pamoate is recommended for treatment of suspected or confirmed infections. Reinfection is common in some dogs and should not be viewed as treatment failure.


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Carmen Álvarez López ◽  
Pedro Coello Ramírez ◽  
Elizabeth García Rodríguez ◽  
Mariana Ordoñez Cárdenas ◽  
Fátima Azereth Reynoso Zarzosa

Background. Allgrove Syndrome is a very rare genetic disease, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive way. The responsible gene is the AAAS, that encodes the protein ALADIN. It occurs most often in children of consanguineous parents. It is characterized by the classic triad of achalasia, alacrima, and adrenal insufficiency due to resistance to ACTH; the presence of two of the three previous manifestation events are required to establish the diagnosis. There is also a high frequency of the neurologic symptoms. Objective. Describe the clinical characteristics, age of presentation and evolution in 11 patients with Allgrove Syndrome. Methods. 11 clinical cases compatible with Allgrove Syndrome of presentation in childhood are retrospectively reviewed. Results. The average age at diagnosis was 5.9 years (range 1-16 years old). There was a predominance of the female sex (n = 7). The most common symptoms were postprandial vomiting and alacrima, present in 100% of the cases at the time of diagnosis. Adrenal insufficiency was not common; it was only documented in one patient. There was consanguinity between parents in 62.5% of the cases. Conclusions. Allgrove Syndrome is an uncommon cause of dysphagia, chronic vomiting and failure to grow in children. In case of any documented case of achalasia it is suggested to question in a directed way the presence of alacrima and adrenal insufficiency data such as seizures, hyperpigmentation of the skin and neurological alterations.


2020 ◽  
Vol XXV (146) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Alexandre Merlo

Vomiting is a complex protective reflex mediated by the emetic center, a region of the central nervous system that receives impulses from other central and peripheral afferent areas. In cats, substance P, serotonin and norepinephrine are the main mediators of vomiting, with histamine, dopamine, acetylcholine, and enkephalins having a secondary role. In view of variations in the physiology of vomiting and pharmacology across species, the importance of studies focused on felines is emphasized. Among the emetic agents, alpha-2-adrenergic agonists, such as dexmedetomidine and xylazine, are the most studied in the species for this purpose. Maropitant and ondansetron are the more recent antiemetic drugs. Mirtazapine may be useful to prevent chronic vomiting.


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