balloon measurements
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2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 18531-18542
Author(s):  
William J. Randel ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Alison Ming ◽  
Peter Hitchcock

Abstract. Observations show strong correlations between large-scale ozone and temperature variations in the tropical lower stratosphere across a wide range of timescales. We quantify this behavior using monthly records of ozone and temperature data from Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesonde (SHADOZ) tropical balloon measurements (1998–2016), along with global satellite data from Aura microwave limb sounder and GPS radio occultation over 2004–2018. The observational data demonstrate strong in-phase ozone–temperature coherence spanning sub-seasonal, annual and interannual timescales, and the slope of the temperature–ozone relationship (T / O3) varies as a function of timescale and altitude. We compare the observations to idealized calculations based on the coupled zonal mean thermodynamic and ozone continuity equations, including ozone radiative feedbacks on temperature, where both temperature and ozone respond in a coupled manner to variations in the tropical upwelling Brewer–Dobson circulation. These calculations can approximately explain the observed (T / O3) amplitude and phase relationships, including sensitivity to timescale and altitude, and highlight distinct balances for “fast” variations (periods < 150 d, controlled by transport across background vertical gradients) and “slow” coupling (seasonal and interannual variations, controlled by radiative balances).


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Randel ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Alison Ming ◽  
Peter Hitchcock

Abstract. Observations show strong correlations between large-scale ozone and temperature variations in the tropical lower stratosphere across a wide range of time scales. We quantify this behavior using monthly records of ozone and temperature data from SHADOZ tropical balloon measurements (1998–2016), along with global satellite data from Aura MLS and GPS radio occultation over 2004–2018. The observational data demonstrate strong in-phase ozone-temperature coherence spanning sub-seasonal, annual and interannual time scales, and the slope of the ozone-temperature relationship (O3/T) varies as a function of time scale and altitude. We compare the observations to idealized calculations based on the coupled zonal mean thermodynamic and ozone continuity equations, including ozone radiative feedbacks on temperature, where both temperature and ozone respond in a coupled manner to variations in the tropical upwelling Brewer-Dobson circulation. These calculations can approximately explain the observed (O3/T) amplitude and phase relationships, including sensitivity to time scale and altitude, and highlight distinct balances for ‘fast’ variations (periods < 150 days, controlled by transport across background vertical gradients) and ‘slow’ coupling (seasonal and interannual variations, controlled by radiative balances).


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Wing ◽  
Wolfgang Steinbrecht ◽  
Sophie Godin-Beekmann ◽  
Thomas J. McGee ◽  
John Sullivan ◽  
...  

&lt;p&gt;Recent intercomparison exercises have been conducted at two European NDACC lidar sites.&amp;#160; The mobile NASA Stratospheric Ozone Lidar (NASA STROZ) was present for a two part validation campaign at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (43.93 N, 5.71 E) in July 2017 and March 2018 and at the Hohenpei&amp;#223;enberg Meteorological Observatory (47.80 N, 11.00 E) in March 2019.&amp;#160; Lidar profiles of ozone and temperature were compared with local radiosondes and ozonesondes; satellite profiles from local overpasses of Sounding of the Atmosphere by Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument (SABER) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS); and NCEP reanalysis. There is overall good agreement between all the lidar instruments and the balloon measurements, particularly in the reproduction of small scale features, during all three phases of the European campaign.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We have conducted a detailed correlational study of all instruments involved in the campaign and have rigorously evaluated the uncertainty budget of each instrument.&amp;#160; We will discuss the strengths and drawbacks of different statistical techniques for evaluating coincident ozone and temperature measurements and compare how our estimates of instrument uncertainty compare to the observed variance in the data.&lt;/p&gt;


2019 ◽  
Vol 693 ◽  
pp. 133242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Mironova ◽  
Galina Bazilevskaya ◽  
Gennady Kovaltsov ◽  
Anton Artamonov ◽  
Eugene Rozanov ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maude Gibbins ◽  
Andrew Kavanagh

Abstract. The mesosphere is one of the most difficult parts of the atmosphere to sample; too high for balloon measurements and too low for in-situ satellites. Consequently there is a reliance on remote sensing (either from the ground or from space) to diagnose this region. Ground based radars have been used since the second half of the 20th century to probe the dynamics of the mesosphere; Medium Frequency (MF) radars provide estimates of the horizontal wind fields and are still used to analyse tidal structures and planetary waves that modulate the meridional and zonal winds. The variance of the winds has traditionally been linked qualitatively to the occurrence of gravity waves. In this paper the method of wind retrieval (full correlation analysis) employed by MF radars is considered with reference to two systems in Antarctica at different latitude (Halley at 76° S and Rothera at 67° S). It is shown that the width of the velocity distribution and occurrence of ‘outliers’ is related to the measured levels of anisotropy in the received signal pattern. The magnitude of the error distribution, as represented by the wind variance, varies with both insolation levels and geomagnetic activity. Thus it is demonstrated that for these two radars the influence of gravity waves may not be the primary mechanism that controls the overall variance.


2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 990-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Mironova ◽  
A. A. Artamonov ◽  
G. A. Bazilevskaya ◽  
E. V. Rozanov ◽  
G. A. Kovaltsov ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1923-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Toon ◽  
Jean-Francois L. Blavier ◽  
Keeyoon Sung

Abstract. Atmospheric OCS abundances have been retrieved from infrared spectra measured by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) MkIV Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectrometer during 24 balloon flights and during nearly 1100 days of ground-based observations since 1985. Our spectral fitting approach uses broad windows to enhance the precision and robustness of the retrievals. Since OCS has a vertical profile similar in shape to that of N2O, and since tropospheric N2O is very stable, we reference the OCS observations to those of N2O, measured simultaneously in the same air mass, to remove the effects of stratospheric transport, allowing a clearer assessment of secular changes in OCS. Balloon measurements reveal less than 5 % change in stratospheric OCS amounts over the past 25 years. Ground-based measurements reveal a springtime peak of tropospheric OCS, followed by a rapid early-summer decrease, similar to the behavior of CO2. This results in a peak-to-peak seasonal cycle of 5–6 % of the total OCS column at northern mid-latitudes. In the long-term tropospheric OCS record, a 5 % decrease is seen from 1990 to 2002, followed by a 5 % increase from 2003 to 2012.


2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 2065-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Duruisseau ◽  
Nathalie Huret ◽  
Alice Andral ◽  
Claude Camy-Peyret

Abstract This study focuses on the ability of ERA-Interim to represent wind variability in the middle atmosphere. The originality of the proposed approach is that wind measurements are deduced from the trajectories of zero-pressure balloons that can reach high-stratospheric altitudes. These balloons are mainly used to carry large scientific payloads. The trajectories of balloons launched above Esrange, Sweden, and Teresina, Brazil, from 2000 to 2011 were used to deduce zonal and meridional wind components (by considering the balloon as a perfect tracer at high altitude). Collected data cover several dynamical conditions associated with the winter and summer polar seasons and west and east phases of the quasi-biennial oscillation at the equator. Systematic comparisons between measurements and ERA-Interim data were performed for the two horizontal wind components, as well as wind speed and wind direction in the [100, 2]-hPa pressure range to deduce biases between the model and balloon measurements as a function of altitude. Results show that whatever the location and the geophysical conditions considered, biases between ERA-Interim and balloon wind measurements increase as a function of altitude. The standard deviation of the model–observation wind differences can attain more than 5 m s−1 at high altitude (pressure P &lt; 20 hPa). A systematic ERA-Interim underestimation of the wind speed is observed and large biases are highlighted, especially for equatorial flights.


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