hydrodynamic factors
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Jagniecki ◽  
Andrew Rupke ◽  
Stefan Kirby ◽  
Paul I nkenbrandt

Following the construction of the railroad causeway in 1959, a perennial halite (NaCl) bottom crust has been known to exist in the north arm (Gunnison Bay) of Great Salt Lake, Utah, but the lake conditions controlling accumulation or dissolution of the crust are not well defined, including how depth-controlled chemodynamic and hydrodynamic factors influence the degree of the halite saturation. Immediately prior to the opening of a new bridge in the causeway in early December 2016 when north arm lake elevation was at a historical low (just above 4189 feet), the north arm lake brine was at halite saturation. After the opening, inflow of less saline south arm water mixed with north arm water, raised lake elevation, and diluted the north arm lake brine to undersaturation with respect to halite. The following five years have resulted in annual and seasonal fluctuations of halite saturation states. Beginning in mid-2019, the Utah Geological Survey began a study of the north arm to better understand and document the transitions of halite saturation state following the bridge opening using newly collected data as well as reviewing available past data.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-257
Author(s):  
Ngoc The Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Tung Tran ◽  
Trung Viet Nguyen

Over the past years, there have been several studies on the hydrodynamic regime, beach erosion, and accretion at the Cua Dai beach in Hoi An city. However, there is still a lack of in-depth research on the effects of hydrodynamic factors on beach evolution in extreme weather conditions such as a storm event or during the Northeast monsoons, characterized by large waves mainly, especially. The wave set-up directly impacts on the evolution of upper beaches and coastal dunes, consequently causing beach erosion. This paper presents the results of nearshore wave propagation and transformation and the distribution of wave set-up during storms in the coastal area of Cua Dai, Hoi An, using the SWAN model and the XBEACH model. The models have been calibrated and validated using measured wave and water level data observed in the study area in October 2016. The simulation results have shown the overall picture of the influence of wave set-up on the morphology evolution of beach profiles in the study area.


Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Zhen Cui ◽  
Shi-Yang Pan ◽  
Yue-Jun Chen

The implementation of floating structures has increased with the construction of new sluices for flood control, and the hydrodynamic moment of a floating structure affects the safety and operation of that structure. Based on basic hydrodynamic theory, theoretical analysis and 121 physical model tests were conducted to study the relationships between the hydrodynamic moment and the influencing factors of floating structures, namely, the shape parameter, hydraulic conditions, and draft depth. Stepwise regression fitting based on the least squares method was performed to obtain a mathematical expression of the hydrodynamic moment, and the experimental results show that hydrodynamic factors significantly influence the hydrodynamic moment of such structures. The results predicted by the mathematical expression agree with the experimental results, and thus, the proposed expression can be used to comprehensively analyze and study the safety of a floating structure under the action of flow in finite water.


2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-231
Author(s):  
Ewa Szymczak ◽  
Maria Rucińska

Abstract Puck Bay is an unusual and thus interesting coastal water region, as it combines two different environments – a lagoon and the sea. They differ from each other in their seabed morphology, salinity, dynamics and water exchange. Their common elements are the extensive shallows and the vicinity of the Hel Peninsula. The shallows of Puck Bay have developed at various stages of its evolution, which began several thousand years ago and continues to this day. They have been shaped by varying morphogenetic factors resulting from changes in sea level and accompanying evolution phases of sand barriers, e.g. washover fans, as well as the intensity and directions of sediment transport. At present, the shallows cover more than 35% of the seabed area and are influenced by hydrodynamic factors and availability of sediments. The study area was divided into five fields, taking into account morphological and genetic criteria as well as recent hydrodynamic conditions. This study provides an updated map with classification and distribution of surface sediments and describes grain size parameters for sediment samples collected in the selected fields. Based on a comprehensive assessment of grain size parameters, lithodynamic equilibrium zones were determined and areas of sediment deposition and redeposition were identified.


2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Shiyan Wang ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Xiaobo Liu ◽  
Huaidong Zhou ◽  
...  

Thermal stratification which is common in water bodies is subject to such factors as the water depth of the water body (a lake or reservoir, for instance), the fluidity of the water and the local meteorological conditions. The stable thermal stratification in reservoirs will lead to changes in the physical and chemical properties of the water as well as distribution of aquatic creatures, hence leaving an impact on the water quality. The Daheiting Reservoir was taken as the research object in this study. Based on the continuous monitored water temperature data in the reservoir, the tempo-spatial change features of the water temperature structure in the reservoir were analyzed, and the driving factors of thermal stratification in the reservoir was studied. The research found that air temperature, wind speed, and hydrodynamic factors are the driving factors for the thermal stratification and corresponding water temperature change patterns in Daheiting Reservoir. Among these factors, air temperature is the fundamental precondition, the wind speed is the auxiliary precondition, and the hydrodynamic factors are the disturbance factors for thermal stratification in the Reservoir. All these factors act together to cause the thermal stratification pattern and evolution features in Daheiting Reservoir.


2020 ◽  
Vol 541 ◽  
pp. 119578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Feng ◽  
Shaoxiong Ye ◽  
Nicos S. Martys ◽  
Jeffrey W. Bullard

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Suciaty ◽  
Putri Kemili ◽  
Tommy Harkey

ABSTRAK Salah satu permasalahan penting sebagai akibat berbagai aktivitas di Teluk Balikpapan adalah erosi dan sedimentasi yang dapat menyebabkan degradasi lingkungan seperti peningkatan kekeruhan, pencemaran air, degradasi mangrove yang mengancam ekosistem perairan dan juga pendangkalan pada kawasan pelabuhan laut Balikpapan. Beberapa kajian erosi dan sedimentasi terdahulu di DAS Teluk Balikpapan menyatakan kandungan sedimen tersuspensi yang tinggi terdapat pada muara sungai-sungai utama yang bermuara ke Teluk Balikpapan. Pemodelan numerik hidrodinamika dan pemodelan dispersal dua dimensi untuk partikel sedimen tersuspensi dilakukan untuk memperoleh gambaran faktor-faktor hidrodinamika yang berpengaruh dan juga identifikasi pola distribusi partikel sedimen tersuspensi di Teluk Balikpapan. Simulasi sebaran partikel sedimen tersuspensi dilakukan pada beberapa skenario sumber partikel, yaitu di muara Sungai Semoi, hulu dan muara Sungai Riko, muara Sungai Wein, dan di bagian mulut Teluk Balikpapan. Simulasi dilakukan selama 15 hari untuk musim barat dan musim timur untuk mengetahui variasi sebarannya terhadap kondisi musim. Kata kunci: partikel sedimen tersuspensi, hidrodinamika, pemodelan dispersal, transpor sedimen. ABSTRACT One of the important problems as a result of various activities in Balikpapan Bay is erosion and sedimentation which can cause environmental degradation such as increased turbidity, water pollution, mangrove degradation which threatens aquatic ecosystems and also silting of the Balikpapan sea port area. Some previous erosion and sedimentation studies in the Balikpapan Bay watershed state that high concentration of suspended sediment is found in the estuaries of the main rivers that flow into Balikpapan Bay. Numerical hydrodynamic modeling and two-dimensional dispersal modeling for suspended sediment particles are carried out to obtain an overview of influential hydrodynamic factors and also to identify distribution patterns of suspended sediment particles in Balikpapan Bay. Simulations on the distribution of suspended sediment particles were carried out in a number of particle source scenarios, i.e. at the Semoi River estuary, upstream and Riko River estuary, Wein River estuary, and at the mouth of Balikpapan Bay. The simulation is carried out for 15 days for the west and east seasons to find out the seasonal variation. Keywords: suspended sediment particles, hydrodynamic, dispersal modeling, sediment transport.


2020 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Alexander Khokhryakov ◽  
Gennady Studenok ◽  
Andrey Studenok ◽  
Alexander Olkhovsky ◽  
Vladimir Boltyrov

The nitrogen compounds, namely ammonium, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen, are the main substances polluting the quarry and drainage waters of mining enterprises that use the ammonium nitrate-based explosives for drilling-and-blasting rock mass preparation. In accordance with the legislation, such waters are subject to treatment prior to discharge into the water bodies. At the mining enterprises, the promising treatment method is the treated water conditioning in the flooded abandoned open-pit mines, during which the natural microbiological nitrification of ammonium and nitrite nitrogen contained in the quarry drainage waters is performed with an efficiency of more than 95%. The article discusses the influence of natural climatic and hydrodynamic factors on the nitrification process according to the results of a purification process study that has been performed since 2014 until the present time at a large mining enterprise. The relevant conclusions and recommendations are given.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-34
Author(s):  
D. E. Zakrzewska ◽  
A. K. Krella

AbstractThe cavitation erosion is the phenomena that causes degradation of fluid flow machinery components due to repetitive implosion of cavitation bubbles adjacent to the solid surface. Cavitation erosion is a complex phenomenon, which includes not only hydrodynamic factors of liquid, but also properties of erodible material e.g. microstructure, hardness or Young modulus. In order to reduce the negative impact of erosion on machine components, there are many methods to increase cavitation erosion resistance. The paper discusses the correlations between structural and mechanical properties and the resistance to cavitation erosion (CER) of pure materials, their alloys and coatings. Methods to increase CER have also been described - using heat / thermo-chemical treatment and application of coatings by various methods.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3B) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Dao Dinh Cham ◽  
Nguyen Quang Minh ◽  
Nguyen Thai Son ◽  
Tran Tuan Dung

Accretion and erosion processes recorded in the estuary of Cua Dai, Quang Nam province from 2014 to present have directly affected the issues of flooding drainage system, waterway traffic, aquaculture and seafood exploitation services. These have been drawing special attentions of national and international scientists. So far, several solutions are implemented to overcome these problems such as concreted embankments or dredging operations of the channel to open the sea. The solutions, however, are just temporary to solve immediate situations but not long-term. As a result of passive solutions, the shoreline is still seriously eroded and then the estuary of Cua Dai is re-accreted. Annually, Vietnam government and local offices still spend a large budget and time for recovering and minimizing the effects of such catastrophes without long-term effectiveness. One of the main causes of erosion and accretion of the Cua Dai estuary is hydrodynamic factors and the complex of sediment transportation. The results show that the northeast waves with high frequency and intensity in combination with floods during the Northeast monsoon are considered to be main causes. The accretion of estuary and formation of “Dinosaur island” in front of Cua Dai estuary is partly due to the combined sediment sources caused by the nearshore currents of northeast waves from the north direction and from the river by floods, especially the historical flood event in November, 2017.


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