Tessier Number 3 and 4 Clefts: Clinical Presentation and Associated Clefts in a South African Population

Introduction The defects found in Tessier clefts number 3 and number 4 come in various forms in different patients. These variations have to a great extent affected not only documentation of these craniofacial defects but invariably their treatment and communication amongst craniofacial researchers. This study has not only documented the clinical presentation of these clefts in a South African population but has also incorporated the clinical presentation of Tessier clefts number 3 and 4 from different regions of the world. Methods The records of 8 patients, who had been treated for either Tessier clefts number 3 or 4, were reviewed and compared with 16 studies pulled from the literature systematically. The defects recorded as well as associated clefts and other congenital malformations were documented, and findings were compared. Results The anatomical and clinical presentation of the patients was compared to the reviewed literature and the different parameters were documented. In addition, associated clefts were also recorded in the study—it was noted that the association pattern recorded in Tessier cleft number 4 in this study did not conform to its traditional counterpart. Conclusion This study concluded that the clinical presentations of these clefts, however variable, seem to have a similar presentation worldwide. Additionally, associated clefts do not conform to the original Tessier classification system and therefore it is imperative for these patterns to be clearly mapped out.

Does Flipped Learning Promote Positive Emotions in Science Education? A Comparison between Traditional and Flipped Classroom Approaches

: Flipped learning has become a popular approach for supporting higher education, but less is known about its link with the learners’ emotions, which are known to play an important role in science education. The main purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of the flipped learning approach on students’ learning emotions. This research utilised a quasi‑experimental design with two data collection time points (pre‑ and post‑study). The sample involved 65 students from the science track in one Saudi university. The participants were distributed into two groups, taught by the traditional and the flipped learning methods respectively. Data collection took place over a period of 4 study weeks. The results show that the flipped mode group had obtained higher learning emotions mean score compared to its traditional counterpart, and they showed improvement in learning emotions mean score over the period of the study. The findings indicate that further study is needed both to validate the current study in a different context , and also to determine how the flipped learning environment can better support students’ interactions and their emotions.

Corrosion Resistance of Additive Manufactured Titanium Alloy Parts: The Effect of Recycled Powders

The possibility to reduce costs of the additive manufacturing (AM) technologies by using recycled powders is still an open question. The present paper aims to investigate the effect of using virgin and recycled powders on the corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy additive manufactured parts. Although the study of the electrochemical behaviour of titanium parts produced by using AM is present in the literature, the corrosion resistance of samples manufactured using recycled powders is less investigated. This work would like to contribute to the deepening of this aspect. The experimental investigations have been carried out on as-built samples as well as on samples after mechanical polishing. The metallographic observations of additive manufactured samples showed a martensitic microstructure inside the prior β grain grew up as columnar structure. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of titanium oxide in rutile crystallographic phase. The electrochemical characterisation unveiled the lower corrosion resistance of the as-built additive manufactured components compared to the traditional counterpart. It also highlighted the effect due to the use of recycled powders when the bulk of the samples has been investigated.

Transfer Path Analysis and Contribution Evaluation Using SVD- and PCA-Based Operational Transfer Path Analysis

To quantitatively identify the transfer paths and evaluate path contributions of shell structures, an singular value decomposition- (SVD-) and principal component analysis- (PCA-) based operational transfer path analysis method is constructed and studied in this paper. Firstly, SVD is used to determine the contribution of each path and reduce crosstalk. Secondly, PCA is applied to reduce the influence of unwanted frequency components and thus reduce noises. This allows the presented OTPA to be more accurate than its traditional counterpart. Once the transmissibility function is obtained, the response synthesis is determined, and the transfer path analysis and path contribution evaluation can be effectively carried out. Numerical and experimental case studies are carried out to validate and test the performance of the presented method. Furthermore, a comprehensive observing the influences of correlation between sources and distance of sources and receiver is also provided. Generally, this paper provides accurate transfer path analysis and path contributions for mechanical systems, which can benefit vibration and noise monitoring and reduction through vibration reduction structure design for new equipment or vibration damping on the major vibration transfer paths for current equipment.

Reduced-Order Modeling Based on Hybrid Snapshot Simulation

This paper presents a hybrid snapshot simulation methodology to accelerate the generation of high-quality data for proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and reduced-order model (ROM) development. The entire span of the snapshot simulation is divided into multiple intervals, each simulated by either high-fidelity full-order model (FOM) or fast local ROM. The simulation then alternates between FOM and local ROM to accelerate snapshot data generation while maintaining the data fidelity and representation. Model switch is determined on-the-fly by evaluating several criteria that monitor the dominance of leading POD modes and ROM trajectory. The incremental singular value decomposition (iSVD) is employed to continuously update ROMs for enhanced accuracy and utilization. A global ROM broadly applicable to various online simulation is immediately available at the end of the simulation. The hybrid snapshot simulation demonstrates excellent accuracy ([Formula: see text] error) and 2.09–2.6[Formula: see text]X speedup relative to its traditional counterpart. The constructed ROMs also preserve salient accuracy ([Formula: see text] error). The results prove feasibility of the proposed method for robust and efficient snapshot data generation and ROM development.

Cyber Criminal Profiling

New computing and networking technologies have not only changed the way traditional crimes are committed but also introduced completely brand new “cyber” crimes. Cyber crime investigation and forensics is relatively a new field that can benefit from methods and tools from its predecessor, the traditional counterpart. This chapter explains the problem of cyber criminal profiling and why it differs from ordinary criminal profiling. It tries to provide an overview of the problem and the current approaches combined with a suggested solution. It also discusses some serious challenges that should be addressed to be able to produce reliable results and it finally presents some ideas for the future work.

Relationship Sensitive Consequentialism Is Regrettable

Personal relationships matter. Traditional Consequentialism, given its exclusive focus on agent-neutral goodness, struggles to account for this fact. A recent variant of the theory—one incorporating agent-relativity—is thought to succeed where its traditional counterpart fails. Yet, to secure this advantage, the view must take on certain normative and evaluative commitments concerning personal relationships. As a result, the theory permits cases in which agents do as they ought, yet later ought to prefer that they had done otherwise. That a theory allows such cases is a serious defect. We thus conclude that, in terms of how the theories handle personal relationships, agent-relative consequentialism fairs no better than its traditional counterpart.

An Improved M-ary Modulation Scheme Based on Chaotic Dynamics

This paper proposes an improved chaos-based M-ary modulation system. It reproduces deterministic chaotic dynamics to create M-ary non-coherent modulation. The proposed modulation system transmits data using autonomous chaotic sequences. It separates the chaotic dynamics through the use of interleavers and realigns them through the use deinterleavers. The simulation results show that the improved scheme overperforms its traditional counterpart. The degree of improvement grows as the M-ary order is increased, with a penalty of increased system complexity.

Between Instrumentalism and Moralism: Representation and Practice of the System of “Turning Oneself In” in the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region

In the historical context of the confrontation between the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region and the Guomindang-controlled areas, the system of “turning oneself in” 自首 greatly impacted the struggle between the Guomindang and the Chinese Communist Party. This system was not only a “soft” means of governance that weakened the enemy without resorting to force, but also a weapon in the struggle to obtain secret information, to divide and rule, and to expand power. As a part of the political system in the border region, the policy of leniency toward offenders was widely used. In actual practice, there were not only special criminal laws for dealing with confessors to specified crimes, but also some unusual forms, such as “public confession declarations” 坦白布告 and even “confession campaigns” 坦白运动. Since the system was applied in an environment of confrontation and struggle, its instrumentalist side became increasingly prominent, while its theoretical moralism side became progressively weaker. On the one hand, this revolutionary change differentiates it from its traditional counterpart rooted in Confucianism as reflected in the practical moralism of traditional Chinese law; on the other hand, the continuity and change of the practice may reveal the historical basis for its growing degeneration.

Education as a Public Good

Education used to be a private good with positive externalities. Thanks to technology and government largesse, it is no longer the case. It is being transformed into a non-pure public good. Technology-borne education is nonrivalrous and, like its traditional counterpart, has positive externalities. It can be replicated and disseminated virtually cost-free to the next consumer through the Internet, television, radio, and on magnetic media. MIT has recently placed 500 of its courses online and made them freely accessible. Distance learning is spreading like wildfire. Webcasts can host - in principle - unlimited amounts of students. Yet, all forms of education are exclusionary, at least in principle. It is impossible to exclude a citizen from the benefits of his country's national defense, or those of his county's dam. It is perfectly feasible to exclude would be students from access to education - both online and offline.