FEATURES AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS IN THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE

The article deals with modern environmental and technological challenges of the energy market development process. The necessity and key vectors of functioning of the renewed energy system, where an important role is assigned to increasing the energy efficiency of measures for the prevention and adaptation of climatic changes to the global energy trend, have been clarified. As a result, there is an active introduction of innovative measures in the energy sector of Ukraine and regions. This can be traced in the segments of production, processing, transportation, storage and consumption of energy resources. The main document has been processed, which specifies and implements the main stages of the transformation of the energy sector: "Energy strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2035: safety, energy efficiency, competitiveness." It is noted that the implementation of the strategic changes specified in the document is important and most acceptable, subject to the influence of sectoral, regional, socio- economic factors and the resolution of the escalation of the Ukrainian-Russian conflict. The future development of Ukraine is modeled in the conditions of decarbonization of energy, where the main place will belong to the hydrogen direction. The stages and features of the formation of hydrogen energy, the natural properties of hydrogen are considered, the world practice is considered. The priority and economically justified methods of using hydrogen to produce ammonia and as an alternative resource for oil and gas are noted and proposed. However, several obstacles are highlighted that institutionally prevent Ukraine and the regions from fully using hydrogen technologies.

Influence of Iron Filing Waste on the Performance of Warm Mix Asphalt

Recently, interest in the use of projectiles in research on recycling waste materials for construction applications has grown. Using recycled materials for the construction of asphalt concrete pavement, in the meantime, has become a topic of research due to its significant benefits, such as cost savings and reduced environmental impacts. This study reports on comprehensive experimental research conducted using a typical mechanical milling waste, iron filing waste (IFW), as an alternative fine aggregate for warm mix asphalt (WMA) for pavement wearing surface applications. A type of IFW from a local machine workshop was used to replace the conventional fine aggregate, fine natural sand (FNS), at percentages of 25%, 50% 75%, and 100% by the weight of FNS of the size passing sieve No. 50. Experimental tests were conducted on the mixes to compare their Marshall properties, resilient moduli, rutting and fatigue resistance, and moisture susceptibility. Finally, a performance analysis was carried out using the VESYS 5W software on the constructed pavement using the IFW mixes. Both the experiment and the modeling work demonstrated that IFW can be an effective alternative resource for replacing natural fine aggregate in WMA concrete and provided details on the optimum rate based on the comprehensive data obtained first hand.

Assessment of the Management Tools of Electric Systems in Developing Countries

This article assesses the management tools of electric systems in developing countries. To promote the nuclear energy as an alternative resource in developing countries, the International Atomic Energy Agency (I.A.E.A.) has encouraged the development of a decision-making tool which optimizes operational activities in electric systems. Since 1982, most developing countries use that tool or a derivative one; recurrent management difficulties are encountered despite the numerous studies and the efforts to enhance the management performances. Activities are the main levers in the management of electric systems. They are set to improve the performances which translate the efficiencies. In dealing with the difficulties, none of the previous studies has considered the tool assessment. Monte Carlo or probabilistic or derating simulation methods are used in the tool Implementation; simulations are only relevant if models are realistic and the systems properly analysed. We show in this paper indirectly from the WASP notebook guide A (I.A.E.A.) 1984 and directly from the evolution of electrical system’s characteristics that the electric systems models are not suitable in developing countries. An unrealistic model stands for a system significantly different from the actual one; the differences lead to reference quantity value management difficulties and to the impossibility to set up the infinitesimal evolution responsible for the overall behaviour of the system and underlies the implementation of the tool. The article puts the constraints and associated activities at the centre of electrical system management, it opens prospects for efficiency management with a significant impact on upcoming electric systems.

Assessment of the Management Tools of Electric Systems in Developing Countries

This article assesses the management tools of electric systems in developing countries. To promote the nuclear energy as an alternative resource in developing countries, the International Atomic Energy Agency (I.A.E.A.) has encouraged the development of a decision-making tool which optimizes operational activities in electric systems. Since 1982, most developing countries use that tool or a derivative one; recurrent management difficulties are encountered despite the numerous studies and the efforts to enhance the management performances. Activities are the main levers in the management of electric systems. They are set to improve the performances which translate the efficiencies. In dealing with the difficulties, none of the previous studies has considered the tool assessment. Monte Carlo or probabilistic or derating simulation methods are used in the tool Implementation; simulations are only relevant if models are realistic and the systems properly analysed. We show in this paper indirectly from the WASP notebook guide A (I.A.E.A.) 1984 and directly from the evolution of electrical system’s characteristics that the electric systems models are not suitable in developing countries. An unrealistic model stands for a system significantly different from the actual one; the differences lead to reference quantity value management difficulties and to the impossibility to set up the infinitesimal evolution responsible for the overall behaviour of the system and underlies the implementation of the tool. The article puts the constraints and associated activities at the centre of electrical system management, it opens prospects for efficiency management with a significant impact on upcoming electric systems.

Mangrove (Avicennia marina) leaves as an alternative feed resources for ruminants

The aim of this research was to get the best treatment for preserving of mangrove (Avicennia marina) leaves as an alternative feed resouces for ruminants. This research used experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 treatments and 5 replications for each treatment. The treatments are: P1 (Mangrove leaves silage) and P2 (Mangrove leaves hay). The variables observed in the in-vitro experiment were in-vitro rument fluid characteristics (pH, NH3, VFA), total gas production and methane gas production. The results of the in-vitro research showed that the P2 treatment (mangrove hay) produced : pH 6,67, VFA 83 Mm, NH3 5,44 mg/100 ml, total production gas for 48 hours 99,7 ml/hour, and methane gas production for 48 hours 65,05 ml/gr DM. From this research can be concluded that the best treatment for preservation of mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) was the hay treatment based on the total gas and methane gas production. It can be concluded that the hay mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) can be used as an alternative resource feed for ruminant animals.

Development of water reuse: a global review with the focus on India

The availability of freshwater is evolving as a serious threat to the living community throughout the world due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and rising population. The depletion of groundwater due to excessive water withdrawal and reduced recharge and pollution of the water sources also contribute to this water crisis. The rising pressure on water supplies encourages the use of treated wastewater as an alternative resource. In this study, a global outlook of the developments in water reuse is presented with a focus on the Indian scenario. It can be observed that though there is a scope for water reuse in India owing to the generation of a high volume of wastewater, it is often squandered due to limited research and guidance, and unreliable institutional framework. It is suggested that the reuse of wastewater requires the development of an integrated approach considering all the factors related to technical feasibility, financial viability, and social acceptance together with a guiding management structure that may augment the existing water supplies.

ESTABLISHMENT OF IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF Hibiscus cannabinus (KENAF)

Hibiscus cannabinus or commonly known as kenaf is a versatile plant that serves as resources for numerous manufacturing and livestock industries. Originally planted in West Africa, kenaf is now distributed in many countries including Malaysia as its fibres were proved to be an ultimate alternative resource for major industries such as automotive, paper and bio-composite. In fact, in Malaysia, due to its adaptation to wide range of climatic conditions, kenaf has potentially be chosen as a new industrial crop replacing tobacco. There have been many interests on regenerating kenaf via micropropagation as the demand for this crop has been increasing tremendously since the past decades. Hence, this study is initiated with the objective to establish in vitro propagation system of H. cannabinus. The callus induction was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP). It was observed that calli were successfully induced on all the BAP concentrations tested. The optimum concentration of BAP that induced the healthiest and biggest calli was 3.0 mg/l. Shoot and root induction from the calli were attempted using MS medium supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of IBA, BA and GA3. From the seven treatments, three treatments successfully induced formation of shoot; treatment T3 (MS + 1.0 mg/l IBA + 2.5 mg/l BA), treatment T5 (MS + 0.1 mg/l IBA + 2.0 mg/l BA + 0.3 mg/l GA3) and treatment T6 (MS + 1.0 mg/l IBA + 2.5 mg/l BA + 0.3 mg/l GA3). The results obtained in this study can paved for more research on tissue culture of H. cannabinus.

Pengembangan Biomagz sebagai Sumber Belajar Biologi Siswa SMA

This research was aimed to produce BioMagz product as an alternative resource of independent learning which was valid and practical used in SMA Negeri 1 Mangkutana. This was a research and development using 4D model by Thiagarajan which consisted of 4 steps, namely (1) Define, (2) Design, (3) Develop and Disseminate. The research result developed BioMagz was valid and practical. The value of the validity was 4.17 which meant that BioMagz as an alternative resource of independent learning included in the valid criteria. The value of practicality was 4.6, which meant that BioMagz as an alternative resource of independent learning belonged to the practical criteria. While the student response presentation of 84,5% which means BioMagz got positive response from student. Keywords: BioMagz, Alternative, Resource of Independent Learning