MELATIH METAKOGNISI SISWA DALAM MENUMBUH KEMBANGKAN EFIKASI DIRI (SELF-EFFICACY PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA

The aims of this study is to find out the way how to train students' metacognition in developing self-efficacy in the Mathematics subject matter. The writing of this article uses a library research approach. In general, metacognition relates to how to explore one's thoughts about thinking. Self-efficacy is a form of belief or belief related to one's own ability to organize, do something to achieve a goal, produce something, and also implement actions in order to achieve a certain form of skill.Based on the study of literature, training students' metacognition in developing self-efficacy in learning mathematics includes two dimensions of thinking, namely the awareness that a person has about his or her thinking (self-awareness of cognition) and a person's ability to use his/her consciousness to regulate his thinking process (self-regulation of cognition). By training to develop students' metacognitive awareness, it is hoped that students can arrange the information they face in solving problem-based questions so that they can develop students' mathematical self-efficacy.

MELATIH METAKOGNISI SISWA DALAM MENUMBUH KEMBANGKAN EFIKASI DIRI (SELF-EFFICACY PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA

This study aims to find out how to train students' metacognition in developing self-efficacy in the Mathematics subject matter. The writing of this article uses a library research approach or literature study literature. Metacognition in general relates to how to explore one's thoughts about thinking. Self-efficacy is a form of belief or belief related to one's own ability to organize, do something to achieve a goal, produce something, and also implement actions in order to achieve a certain form of skill. Based on the literature study, training students' metacognition in developing self-efficacy in learning mathematics includes two dimensions of thinking, namely the awareness that a person has about his or her thinking (self-awareness of cognition) and a person's ability to use his/her consciousness to regulate his thinking process (self-regulation of cognition). By training to develop students' metacognitive awareness, it is expected that students can organize the information they face in solving problem-based questions so that they can develop students' mathematical self-efficacy.

Metacognitive process and levels of physical activity in university students

Background: Cognitive processes are associated with Systematic Physical Activity (SPA). However, few studies have evaluated the relation between SPA and Metacognition (MC). Objectives: (1) to study the effect of the SPA levels on MC, and (2) to explore the covariance of gender. Method: Through a Non-Experimental design and with intentional sampling, 270 university students participated (Mage= 25.3, SD= 1.5, min= 18, max= 51), 209 men (77.4%), and 61 women (22.6%). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and The Metacognitive Awareness Inventory were completed. The MANOVA showed that SPA levels significantly affected MC. The MANCOVA did not show a gender effect. Results: The main effects indicated that moderate and vigorous SPA levels favor MC. Differences were observed between the low vs vigorous SPA levels (p= .035, 95% CI [-1.49, -0.03]) in the knowledge of cognition factor. Similarly, there are differences in the regulation of cognition between low vs moderate SPA levels (p= .013, 95% CI [-1.86, -0.16]), and low vs vigorous (p= .044, 95% CI [-1.72 , -0.15]). Conclusions: moderate and vigorous SPA levels favor CM, mainly the regulation of cognition. In contrast, the vigorous SPA level favors the knowledge of cognition.

The Relationships between Metacognition and Reading Strategies: The Case of English-Majored Students at a Private University in Vietnam

<p style="text-align: justify;">Many studies have pointed out a proportionate relation between metacognition and reading strategies. This study advances such an understanding by arguing that this relation is comprised of several sub-relations. Metacognitive Awareness Inventory and Reading Strategies Inventory were conducted among 92 English as Foreign Language students at a Vietnamese university. This study highlights 3 major findings. First, metacognition processes do not merely mean “cognition about cognition”. Second, while previous studies tended to portray metacognition as a whole, it is argued in this study that it is constituted by two main clusters (knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition) which can be further specified into eight sub-components. Third, there seem to be some sub-linearities that underpin students’ metacognition and that influence their uses of reading strategies. These findings are hoped to shed light on preserving spaces and autonomy in curriculum/syllabus development for students to exercise their own metacognition.</p>

Thyrotropin receptor signaling deficiency impairs spatial learning and memory in mice

Subclinical hyperthyroidism, a condition characterized by decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and normal concentration of thyroid hormone, is associated with an elevated risk for cognitive impairment. TSH is the major endogenous ligand of the TSH receptor (TSHR) and its role is dependent on signal transduction of TSHR. It has not, however, been established whether TSHR signaling is involved in the regulation of cognition. Here, we utilized Tshr knockout mice and found that Tshr deletion led to significantly compromised performance in learning and memory tests. Reduced dendritic spine density and excitatory synaptic density as well as altered synaptic structure in CA1 subfield of the hippocampus were also noted. Furthermore, the synapse-related gene expression was altered in the hippocampus of Tshr -/- mice. These findings suggest that TSHR signaling deficiency impairs spatial learning and memory, which discloses a novel role of TSHR signaling in brain function.

Perbedaan Kesadaran Metakognisi Siswa SMA di Desa dan di Kota

Kesadaran metakognisi adalah kesadaran pada kemampuan berpikir untuk mengendalikan proses kognitif yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya yaitu jangkauan informasi di lingkungan pendidikan. Maka dari itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kesadaran metakognisi siswa SMA di lingkungan desa dan kota. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan MAI (Metacognitive Awareness Inventory) yang merupakan instrumen tes yang berisi 52 item yang dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu pengetahuan kognisi (knowledge of cognition) dan pengaturan kognisi (regulation of cognition). Penelitian dilakukan di SMA Negeri Kebakkramat Karanganyar sebagai representasi SMA di desa dan SMA Negeri 5 Surakarta sebagai representasi SMA di kota. Teknik pengambilan sampel diambil dengan random sampling dari 30 siswa di masing-masing sekolah dari total populasi keseluruhan 150 siswa pada tiap sekolah. Analisis data menggunakan uji kruskal wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara SMA di desa dengan kota pada indikator pengetahuan deklaratif, prosedural, kondisional, perencanaan, pemantauan, debugging, dan evaluasi dan perbedaan yang signifikan hanya ditunjukan pada indikator manajemen informasi metakognisi.

Metacognition and Epistemic Cognition

Cognition refers to knowledge and associated inferential processes, ranging from elementary forms of perception to advanced forms of reasoning. Metacognition, a term used since the late 1970s, includes both knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition. Knowledge of cognition includes both general knowledge of cognition and knowledge about one’s own cognition. Regulation of cognition includes planning, monitoring, and evaluation of one’s cognitive processes and products. Metacognition is crucial to and intertwined with many aspects of cognition even in the preschool years, when children are already developing theories of mind. Much of cognitive development is the development of metacognitive knowledge and self-regulation. Educational efforts abound to teach metacognitive skills, promote metacognitive development, and/or take student metacognition into account in designing instruction. Epistemic cognition is knowledge about the fundamental nature of knowledge, especially the justification and truth of beliefs. Research on epistemic development beyond childhood shows progress from objectivist to subjectivist to rationalist conceptions of knowledge. Objectivists appeal to foundational truths that can be observed, proved, or learned from the authorities. In cases of disagreement, someone must be wrong. Subjectivists recognize that knowledge is constructed, and conclude from this that truth is entirely relative to the constructor’s subjective point of view. “Truth” in any stronger sense is deemed a myth, because we all have our own equally valid perspectives. Rationalists acknowledge the subjective construction of knowledge and the perplexities of truth but maintain that some beliefs are better justified than others and that we can make progress in understanding. Research in child development shows that children proceed through a similar sequence in constructing intuitive theories of mind, suggesting that epistemic development may be a recursive process in which people reconstruct subjectivist and rationalist insights at multiple levels. Epistemic development is generally seen as the result of self-regulated processes of reflection and coordination. Research in educational psychology has highlighted individual differences in epistemic beliefs and has shown the value of active inquiry and peer argumentation in promoting epistemic progress within and across diverse fields of study.