beam splitters
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

534
(FIVE YEARS 84)

H-INDEX

36
(FIVE YEARS 5)

2022 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 107500
Author(s):  
Bo Wu ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Weijie Liu ◽  
Qingming Lu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Quan He ◽  
Zhe Shen

The beam splitter is a common and critical element in optical systems. Traditional beam splitters composed of prisms or wave plates are difficult to be applied to miniaturized optical systems because they are bulky and heavy. The realization of the nanoscale beam splitter with a flexible function has attracted much attention from researchers. Here, we proposed a polarization-insensitive beam splitter with a variable split angle and ratio based on the phase gradient metasurface, which is composed of two types of nanorod arrays with opposite phase gradients. Different split angles are achieved by changing the magnitude of the phase gradient based on the principle of Snell’s law of refraction, and different split ratios are achieved by adding a phase buffer with different areas. In the designed four types of beam splitters for different functions, the split angle is variable in the range of 12–29°, and the split ratio is variable in the range of 0.1–1. The beam splitter has a high beam splitting efficiency above 0.3 at the wavelength of 480–600 nm and a weak polarization dependence. The proposed beam splitter has the advantages of a small size and easy integration, and it can be applied to various optical systems such as multiplexers and interferometers for integrated optical circuits.


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-577
Author(s):  
Reiner Georg Ziefle

The two equations E = h × f and E = (h × c)/λ for the quantum of energy of electromagnetic radiation provide the same result but describe electromagnetic radiation very differently. E = (h × c)/λ describes the quantum of energy of electromagnetic radiation to be located already in one wavelength and therefore like a particle. E = h × f describes the quantum of energy distributed over 299 792 458 m and therefore like a wave. To obtain h × f for the quantum of energy, we have to refer the quantum of energy to 299 792 458 m. Only then we obtain from E = (h × c)/(299 792 458 m), as the distance of 299 792 458 m of the velocity c is cancelling out now, E = h × 1/s = h × Hz, which is the precondition to obtain the correct value for the quantum of energy by multiplying Planck’s constant h by the frequency f. This already indicates the necessity of today's physics to have to speak of a particle-wave duality. It turns out that electromagnetic radiation consists of the first wavelength that carries the quantum of energy and behaves like a particle, which today is called “photon,” and a few following wavelengths that do not carry a further quantum of energy and behave like a wave, which today is called “electromagnetic wave.” By this knowledge, the particle-wave duality vanishes, and we obtain one single physical phenomenon, which I call “photon-wave.” The strange behavior of quantum objects at a single slit, at double-slits, and at beam splitters can now be understood in a causal way. “God does not play dice!” Einstein was right.


Author(s):  
Riccardo DeSalvo ◽  
Jeremy Blow ◽  
Claudio Pineda Bosque ◽  
Stefano Selleri

Abstract The third generation of Gravitational Wave detectors like the Einstein Telescope or the Cosmic Explorer will be Michelson interferometers with Fabry-Perot cavities in the arms, using mirror test masses with diameter at the limit of technical feasibility. Unlike other detectors, the Einstein Telescope will have a 60° angle between the arms. Because of its larger incidence angle, at any given beam size, it would require beam splitters almost double in size and much heavier than the 90° case. It is proposed here to install beam expander telescopes with angled mirrors located inside the Michelson interferometer between the Fabry-Perot cavities and the beam splitter. In addition to reducing the beam sizes and the beam splitter to manageable sizes, the proposed solution allows to bring the optimal recombination angle to 90°. The proposed geometry also offers a natural way to separate the beam splitters of different detectors into individual, smaller and more stable caverns thus improving observatory observation-time efficiency, to provide needed beam diagnostic points and convenient degrees of freedom for beam alignment into both the Fabry Perot cavities and the beam splitter, as well as to provide a method for maintaining optimal mode matching of the two arms onto the beam splitter without thermal compensation plates.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cariñe ◽  
M. N. Asan-Srain ◽  
G. Lima ◽  
S. P. Walborn

AbstractFourth-order interference is an information processing primitive for photonic quantum technologies, as it forms the basis of photonic controlled-logic gates, entangling measurements, and can be used to produce quantum correlations. Here, using classical weak coherent states as inputs, we study fourth-order interference in 4 × 4 multi-port beam splitters built within multi-core optical fibers, and show that quantum correlations, in the form of geometric quantum discord, can be controlled and maximized by adjusting the intensity ratio between the two inputs. Though these states are separable, they maximize the geometric discord in some instances, and can be a resource for protocols such as remote state preparation. This should contribute to the exploitation of quantum correlations in future telecommunication networks, in particular in those that exploit spatially structured fibers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Ahmed ◽  
Tania Tamoor ◽  
Tayyab Hassan ◽  
Nosherwan Shoaib ◽  
Akram Alomainy ◽  
...  

AbstractThis paper presents a multi-functional bi-anisotropic metasurface having ultra-wide out of band transmission characteristics. The proposed metasurface is comprised of 90° rotated T-shaped configuration yielding greater than or equal to 50% out-of-band transmission from above L- to X-band. Moreover, this metasurface achieves a maximum of 99% out-of-band transmission at lower frequency bands (i.e., L-band). The simultaneous absorptive and controlled reflection functionalities are achieved at 15.028 to 15.164 GHz along with polarization-insensitive and angular stable properties. The proposed metasurface yields state-of-the-art features compared to already published papers and has broader scope for Fabry Perot cavity, Radar cross-section (RCS) reduction, electromagnetic compatibility and interference (EMC/I) shielding, selective multi-frequency bolometers, ultrathin wave trapping filters, sensors and beam-splitters in the microwave domain.


Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 599 (7886) ◽  
pp. 587-593
Author(s):  
Yaowen Hu ◽  
Mengjie Yu ◽  
Di Zhu ◽  
Neil Sinclair ◽  
Amirhassan Shams-Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 130 (19) ◽  
pp. 194402
Author(s):  
Mary Clare Cassidy ◽  
Malcolm G. Boshier ◽  
Lee E. Harrell

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Cordero Encinar ◽  
Andrés Agustí ◽  
Carlos Sabín

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document