Synerisis and Cycling Test the Sendok Leaf Extract Gel (Plantago Mayor L.) with Optimization of Variations of Gelling Agent Carbomer 940 Concentration

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the concentration of the gelling agent Carbomer 940 on the gel of daun Leaf Extract (Plantago major L.). The method used is the experimental method. The extraction method used is maceration with 96% alcohol. The design in this study is the manufacture of a gel formulation of sendok Leaf extract (Plantago major L.) with the concentration of the gelling agent Carbomer 940 and the syneresis test. Syneresis test results show that all formulas do not occur syneresis. The results of the cycling test showed that the sendok Leaf (Plantago major L.) extract gel was not affected by storage temperature. The conclusion of this study shows the effect of variations in the concentration of the gelling agent Carbomer 940 on the quality of gel.

Formulation of Toothpaste Toothpaste Gel Essential Oil of Lime Leaves (Citrus Aurantifolia) With Variations Concentration of Carbomer 940 As Gelling Agent Base

Background : Lime leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. This content is known to have activity as an antibacterial and protective of gums and teeth. Based on these activities, lime leaves can be developed as an active ingredient in gel toothpaste preparations. In the manufacture of gel toothpaste, the component that plays an important role is the gelling agent. Purpose: In this study, a variation of the gelling agent Carbomer 940 will be used to make a gel toothpaste with lime leaf extract. Methods: The independent variable used is Carbomer 940 with a variation of 3 formulas, namely 0.6%; 1.2%; and 1.8%. The evaluations carried out on gel toothpaste were organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability and pH. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS software to see the differences between each formula. Results: The results showed that the formula 1-3 was homogeneous with a clear, homogeneous color, and a characteristic smell of menthol with a pH range of 5.85-7.49; spreading area 20.60-29.91 cm2, adhesion 6.01-35.1 seconds. The results of statistical tests with one-way ANOVA obtained a significant difference between each formula.

Formulasi Buah Tampoi (Baccaurea macrocarpa) dalam Sediaan Masker Gel sebagai Antiaging

Antioxidants are able to suppress free radicals, reducing the occurrence of oxidation reactions, and are also effective in preventing skin damage due to the aging process. The use of tampoi fruit extract as a gel mask preparation could have a purpose as an antioxidant to treat skin problems. The method is an experimental laboratory by making a gel mask preparation from tampoi fruit. The making of a gel mask begins with mixing the base mask consisting of PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol), Propylene Glycol, Carbomer 940 then added with tampoi fruit extract. The tampoi fruit gel mask formulation in this study was made based on variations in PVA of FI (3%), FII (6%), FIII (12%), and FIV (18%) which aims to determine its effect and the most optimal formula. The steps taken include the extraction of tampoi fruit, making gel masks with 4 formulas F1 (3%), F2 (6%), F3 (12%), and F4 (18%) followed by evaluation of formulas which include organoleptic tests, pH test, viscosity test, spreadability test, and adhesion test. Physical stability testing was carried out for 4 weeks. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by using the ANOVA statistical test. The results showed that there was a significant effect on the evaluation of the viscosity test and the adhesion test for each formula. Meanwhile, the pH test and spreadability test did not have a significant effect on each formula. The optimal formula is in F1 with a PVA concentration of 3%.

Impregnated Nanofibrous Mat with Nanogel of Citrus sinensis Essential Oil as a New Type of Dressing in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by the Leishmania genus. Essential oils (EO)s have recently received more attention for the development of new green drugs. In this study, Citrus sinensis EO was used as an antileishmanial agent; its half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against promastigotes of Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major was observed at 151.13 and 108.31 µg/mL. After that, the nanoemulsion-based nanogel of C. sinensis was prepared to improve its stability, potency, and facilitated topical usage. By adding carbomer 940 (2% w/v) to the prepared nanoemulsion with a 225 ± 7 nm droplet size, the nanogel was prepared. The nanogel was then impregnated on the electrospun nanofibers of chitosan-polycaprolactone, diameter = ~ 200 nm. The prototype's leishmanicidal effect was substantially better than the non-formulated EO; both species' viabilities were reduced to ~ 0%. The prepared sample could be used as a new type of dressing for cutaneous leishmaniasis; moreover, it could be considered an excellent candidate for in-vivo studies.

Optimasi Formula Basis Sediaan Edible Film dengan Kombinasi Polimer Carbomer 940 dan Kappa Karagenan

Salah satu bentuk sediaan mukoadhesif adalah edible film. Bentuk ini dapat meningkatkan waktu tinggal pada mukosa dibandingkan dengan gel oral. Pada penghantaran lokal untuk penyakit mulut seperti sariawan, edible film membantu melindungi luka permukaan sehingga rasa sakit dapat berkurang serta pengobatan lebih efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah optimasi formula basis sediaan edible film menggunakan kombinasi Carbomer 940 dan kappa karagenan dengan merancang beberapa formula secara bertahap sampai didapatkan komposisi formula yang baik. Metode pembuatan sediaan edible film yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah solvent casting yang evaluasinya berupa kemampuan formula membentuk lembaran sediaan edible film yang kering, tidak lengket dan tidak mudah sobek. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa basis sediaan edible film menggunakan kombinasi Carbomer 940 dan kappa karagenan menghasilkan sediaan edible film yang baik yaitu formula dengan konsentrasi karagenan sebesar 1,5% dan Carbomer 940 antara 0,1-0,5%. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa formula dengan kombinasi Carbomer 940 1,5% dan kappa karagenan 0,1-0,5% dapat digunakan sebagai basis sediaan edible film.Kata kunci: Mukoadhesif, Edible Film, Polimer, Carbomer, Kappa karagenan

Carrageenan Biopolymer for Medical Ultrasonography using Phantom CIRS

The use of polymer as conductor in medical ultrasonography is very crucial to establish patient diagnosis and to prevent administration of improper treatment. Rapid development in science and technology encourages people to create more innovations that are readily usable. However, these innovations sometimes put health and environmental aspects aside that in turn become disadvantageous to health and may lead to environmental pollution. This research proposes the use of carrageenan biopolymer as a safe alternative for people’s health and the environment. It aims to prove differences in resulting phantom CIRS images taken with the help of carrageenan gel and standard gel based on Carbomer 940 as acoustic coupling agents (ACA) for ultrasonography (USG). It is an experimental research that uses true experiment technique with posttest only control group design. Results from T-test analysis show significance value of p>0.05, meaning there is no significant difference between the use of carrageenan gel and ACA gel (Carbomer 940). This result proves that carrageenan gel can be used as an acoustic coupling agent for ultrasonography. Results from imaging tests also reveal that there is no difference between the use of carrageenan gel and that of a manufacturer gel based on Carbomer 940 available in Indonesia, in terms of visualization of phantom CIRS images.

FORMULASI DAN UJI STABILITAS GEL ANTIAGING DARI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS) DAN LENDIR BEKICOT (ACHATINA FULICA) DENGAN VARIASI GELLING AGENT CARBOMER 940 1%, 1,25%, 1,5%DAN 1,75%

<p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 100%;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ekstrak etanol kulit buah naga merah dalam konsentrasi 1% memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan karena kaya akan senyawa polifenol dan vitamin E. Lendir bekicot dalam konsentrasi 3% memiliki aktivitas sebagai pelembab kulit dan pengencang kulit karena memiliki senyawa allantoin dan Glycosaminoglycan. Sehingga penulis tertarik untuk membuat sediaan kosmetika dengan bahan aktif lender bekicot dan kulit buah naga. Produk kosmetika antioksidan untuk perawatan wajah salah satunya yaitu sediaan bentuk gel Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui stabilitas sediaan gel dari lendir bekicot konsentrasi 3% dan ekstrak etanol kulit buah naga merah konsentrasi 1% dengan </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em>gelling agent</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> carbomer 940 konsentrasi 1%,1,25%,1,5% dan 1,75% menggunakan metode </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em>cycling test</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">. Parameter uji yang diamati adalah organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, viskositas, sifat alir dan sineresis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keempat formula stabil pada uji organoleptis dengan warna gel merah muda,bening,dan bentuk sediaan semisolida,homogen,dengan pH sesuai dengan pH kulit, daya sebar masuk kategori </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em>semistiff</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">, dan sifat alir menunjukkan aliran plastis tiksotropik. Keempat formula menunjukkan stabil pada pengujian organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, sifat alir dan pengujian sineresis.</span></span></p>