Investigation of the mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of the peptide preparation Semax in rat brain under conditions of ischemia-reperfusion

Синтетический пептид АКТГ(4-7)PGP ускоряет регресс неврологических нарушений при ишемическом инсульте, однако молекулярные механизмы его действия полностью не известны. На модели полуторачасовой окклюзии средней мозговой артерии крыс был проведен анализ влияния пептида на экспрессию ряда генов и белков, вовлеченных в сигнальные пути, приводящие к воспалению и гибели клеток в условиях ишемии-реперфузии. Показано, что пептид через 24 ч от начала окклюзии снижает повышенный при ишемии уровень экспрессии в ишемизированной ткани мозга крыс мРНК провоспалительных цитокинов и хемокинов IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, Cxcl2 и Ccl3. Пептид снижал повышенные при ишемии уровни экспрессии белков металлопротеиназы ММР-9, транскрипционного фактора c-Fos, активных JNK киназ и предотвращал ишемическое снижение уровня активного транскрипционного фактора CREB. The synthetic peptide ACTH (4-7) PGP accelerates the regression of neurological disorders in ischemic stroke, but the molecular mechanisms of its action are not completely known. On the model of an hour and a half occlusion of the rat middle cerebral artery, an analysis was made of the effect of the peptide on the expression of a number of genes and proteins involved in signaling pathways leading to inflammation and cell death under conditions of ischemia-reperfusion. It was shown that the peptide 24 hours after the onset of occlusion reduces the level of expression of mRNA of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, Cxcl2 and Ccl3 in ischemic brain tissue. The peptide decreased the levels of expression of proteins metalloproteinase MMP-9, transcription factor c-Fos, active JNK kinases wich were increased under ischemia, and prevented ischemic decrease in the level of active transcription factor CREB.

The milk macromolecular peptide: preparation and evaluation of antihypertensive activity in rats

In order to avoid the discomfort of digesting milk protein and make full use of the gastrointestinal digestive function, a milk macromolecular peptide was prepared with ACE inhibitory activity after gastrointestinal digestion as the index.

Secretomics to Discover Regulators in Diseases

Secretory proteins play important roles in the cross-talk of individual functional units, including cells. Since secretory proteins are essential for signal transduction, they are closely related with disease development, including metabolic and neural diseases. In metabolic diseases, adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines are secreted from respective organs under specific environmental conditions, and play roles in glucose homeostasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. In neural diseases, astrocytes and microglia cells secrete cytokines and chemokines that play roles in neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses. Mass spectrometry-based secretome profiling is a powerful strategy to identify and characterize secretory proteins. This strategy involves stepwise processes such as the collection of conditioned medium (CM) containing secretome proteins and concentration of the CM, peptide preparation, mass analysis, database search, and filtering of secretory proteins; each step requires certain conditions to obtain reliable results. Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles has become a new research focus for understanding the additional extracellular functions of intracellular proteins. Here, we provide a review of the insights obtained from secretome analyses with regard to disease mechanisms, and highlight the future prospects of this technology. Continued research in this field is expected to provide valuable information on cell-to-cell communication and uncover new pathological mechanisms.

Stereoselective synthesis of a phosphonate pThr mimetic via palladium-catalyzed γ-C(sp3)–H activation for peptide preparation

We report a facile and efficient synthetic strategy toward a CH2-substituted phosphonate pThr mimetic and its application in phosphopeptide inhibitor synthesis.

The Effect of New Synthetic Analogs of Semax Peptide Preparation on AMPA-Receptors in Purkinje Neurons of Cerebellar Rats

New peptides analogues of Semax can potentiate AMPA receptors induced currents at lower concentrations (10–11–10–8 M) than those of Semax. This ability suggests that they may have cognitive-stimulating properties.