face validation
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2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Lígia Cardoso dos Reis ◽  
Patricia Constante Jaime

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a self-applicable instrument for measuring primary health care (PHC) workers’ knowledge on healthy eating. METHODS: A six-step methodological study to develop and validate a measurement instrument: item development based on the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines’ chapters; content validation with a panel of experts; face validation with potential instrument users; online instrument reevaluation by participants of the content and face validation panels; online application of the instrument with PHC workers; confirmatory factor analysis for construct validation. RESULTS: A first version with 25 items underwent content and semantic changes in the content and face validation panels, being reorganized into a second version with 22 items. In the reevaluation, participants considered 21 questions to be clear and representative of the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines, with one being excluded. This third version of the instrument underwent confirmatory factor analysis after being applied online with 209 PHC workers from all Brazilian macroregions. We excluded five items in this analysis: four due to bivariate empty cells and one due to low discrimination capacity. The final model, with 16 items loaded onto one dimension, returned good fit indices [χ²(104) = 119.047, p = 0.1486; RMSEA = 0.026 (90% CI = 0.000 to 0.046), Cfit = 0.979; CFI = 0.924; TLI = 0.913]; its information peak was below average. CONCLUSIONS: The instrument proved to be valid and accurate for assessing PHC workers with below average knowledge of the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines. It might contribute to improving actions to promote healthy eating in Brazilian PHC settings by identifying the need for training health professionals.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e001186
Author(s):  
Yetsa A Tuakli-Wosornu ◽  
Demetri Goutos ◽  
Ioana Ramia ◽  
Natalie M Galea ◽  
Margo Mountjoy ◽  
...  

A recognised imbalance of power exists between athletes and sporting institutions. Recent cases of systemic athlete abuse demonstrate the relationship between power disparities and harassment and abuse in sport. Embedding human rights principles into sporting institutions is a critical step towards preventing harassment and abuse in sport. In 2017, the World Players Association (WPA) launched the Universal Declaration of Player Rights. A year later, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) developed their Athletes’ Rights and Responsibilities Declaration. These two documents codify benchmarks ‘for international sporting organisations to meet their obligations to protect, respect and guarantee the fundamental rights of players’. This paper is the first project exploring athletes’ knowledge, understanding and awareness of rights in the sports context. This study presents the development and validation of a survey investigating athletes’ knowledge of these declarations, associated attitudes/beliefs and understanding of how these rights can be enacted in practice. The survey includes 10 statements of athlete rights based on the WPA and IOC declarations. Face validation was assessed by distributing the survey to 10 athletes and conducting qualitative interviews with a subgroup of four athletes. The survey was reworked into 13 statements, and the tool was validated with 611 responses through confirmatory factor analysis. Key findings include a weak correlation between athletes’ knowledge and their attitudes/beliefs, and challenges with the interpretation of words such as ‘pressure,’ ‘violence,’ ‘harassment’ and ‘intimidation.’ This validation puts forward the first survey instrument to directly test athletes’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about rights in sport.


Author(s):  
Nehad J. Ahmed

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate physicians' opinions on the required information about biosimilars and the need for biosimilars related education. Methodology: The study included a survey that was prepared using a survey from a previous study and after face validation and content validation, it was prepared as an online form using the SurveyMonkey platform. Results: The majority of physicians stated that the most important information about biosimilars are studies that provide clinical immunogenicity data for the biosimilar and reference product (93.33%) in addition to studies that directly compare clinical efficacy and safety between reference products and biosimilars (88.89%). The majority of physicians stated that tracking safety events with biosimilars (94.45%) and access to information on studies comparing biosimilars with reference biologics (91.11%) are important issues related to biosimilars in professional environments. Conclusion: The present study highlights the needs of physicians for biosimilar education. More efforts are needed to increase the awareness regarding biosimilars by different formats in order to integrate biosimilars into clinical practice and to counsel patients about biosimilars.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Shikako-Thomas ◽  
Reem El Sherif ◽  
Roberta Cardoso ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Jonathan Lai ◽  
...  

Abstract BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Policymakers’ Information Use Questionnaire (POLIQ) to capture the intention of individuals in decision-making position, such as health policymakers, to act on research-based evidence, in order to inform theory and the application of behaviour change models to decision-making. MethodsThe development and validation comprised three steps: item generation, qualitative face validation, and factorial construct validation. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to estimate item-domain correlations for five pre-defined constructs relating to content, beliefs, behaviour, control and intent. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated to assess overall consistency of questionnaire items with the pre-defined constructs. Participants in the item generation and face validation were health and policy researchers and two former decision-makers (former assistant deputy ministries) from Canadian provincial level. Participants in the construct validation were 39 Canadian decision-makers at various positions of municipal, provincial, and federal jurisdiction who participated in a series of policy dialogues focused on childhood disability research. ResultsInternal consistency of items belonging to the respective questionnaire domains was moderate to high with estimated Cronbach’s α values ranging from 0.67 to 0.84. Estimated item-domain correlations indicated moderate to high measurement performance for the domains norm, control and beliefs, whereas weak to moderate correlations resulted for the constructs content and intent. Estimate imprecisions of factor loadings (95% confidence interval widths) were considerable for the questionnaire domains content and intent. ConclusionThe study findings provide initial evidence on face validity and appropriate measurement properties of the POLIQ based on a convenient sample of decision-makers in social and health policy. Larger validation studies in relevant populations are needed to further establish psychometric properties and utility of the POLIQ.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (40) ◽  
pp. 180-192
Author(s):  
Mohammad Azri Amatan ◽  
Crispina Gregory K Han ◽  
Vincent Pang

The absence of a context factor evaluation study instrument for the implementation of STEM education elements led to this study being implemented. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Contextual Factors Questionnaire for the Implementation of STEM Education Elements in teacher teaching and learning. Based on the literature reviewed and analysis of the existing relevant questionnaires, the constructs and items identified contributing to the context of the implementation of STEM elements in teacher teaching and learning were successfully developed. The Context Factor Questionnaire went through face validation and content validity involving 13 experts, meanwhile, the construct validity and reliability of the instrument were checked by analyzing the questionnaire items using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) Version 25.0. A total of 825 secondary school teachers were involved in this study. The factor loading for each item was in the range of 0.538 to 0.819, while the reliability value (alpha) of each item was, a = 0.965. The validity and reliability results indicate the instrument is suitable to be administered for the actual study.


Author(s):  
Reem D. Montesur

This study entitled coping with the challenges in teaching MAPEH subjects among the non-specialized teachers of District 4 in Laguna was conducted to specifically answer the following questions; What is the demographic profile of the Teachers in MAPEH in terms of; Age; Gender; Years in Service; Educational Attainment and Specialization? What is the coping mechanism of the Teachers in MAPEH in terms of: Time Management; Academic Advice and Mentoring; Appraisal Focused; Emotional-Focused; Occupation- focused coping? Do the coping mechanism used by teachers significantly affect the performance of non-specialized teachers teaching MAPEH of District 4 in Laguna? The study utilized a descriptive design to determine the coping mechanism of the non-specialized teachers in MAPEH. The main source data of this study was the survey questionnaire which was prepared by the researcher and statistically treated by the use of simple descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage and the mean to determine the significant effect on the performance of the non-specialized teachers in MAPEH of the District of 4 in Laguna. In order to conduct this study, letters were sent to the Schools Divisions Superintendent Dr. Marites A. Ibanez, asking permission and approval to conduct the study, and to the School Principals of the selected schools, asking to distribute questionnaires to the ones teaching MAPEH. Preparation of self-made questionnaire by the researcher followed. The researcher-made questionnaire was checked by the thesis adviser. Face validation of the contents of the questionnaire was done by the adviser of the researcher and other persons with specialization in the field. They were vital members of the education team. Researchers use purposive sampling when they want to access a particular subset of people, as all participants of a study are selected because they fit a particular profile. Each individual was chosen entirely by chance and each member of the population had an equal chance of being included in the sample. The respondents of the study consisted of fifty non-major or non-specialized in MAPEH inn District 4 in Laguna. The purpose of the study may offer literature and findings that may be useful in the conduct of future studies more particularly in the context of communication considering the stressor and how to cope with the challenges of the teachers in teaching a non-major subject. Copies of the questionnaire were multiplied based on the number of the respondents. Then it was administered. With confidentiality, the gathered information was transferred in a tally sheet. Subsequently, codes were assigned to each indicator. The encoded data were given to the researcher’s statistician for the descriptive analysis. The gathered data were interpreted and presented in textual and tabular forms and appropriate interpretation was made. The methods used was statistical to analyze and interpret the data gathered, the weighted mean and the F-test formula which is the statistical test in which the test statistic has an F-distribution under the null hypothesis. It is most often used when comparing statistical models that have been fitted to a data set, in order to identify the model that best fits the population from which the data were sampled. The implication of this research is to find out the importance of how teachers of MAPEH especially the non-majors become aware of learning and dealing with teaching challenges. Have an important mechanism for handling situations related to MAPEH teaching. The result showed that the coping challenges in teaching MAPEH subjects had no significant effect on the performance of the non-specialize Teachers teaching MAPEH subjects of District 4 in Laguna, and therefore the hypothesis was also rejected. KEYWORDS: Coping Challenges, Coping mechanism, Non-Specialized, MAPEH, Stressor


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Zara

The Esophageal Pressure (Peso) signal can be used to monitor the respiratory mechanics of critically ill patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and has been successfully used in guiding mechanical ventilation strategies to improve patient outcomes. However, cardiogenic oscillations (CGOs) are a major source of interference, which not only makes it challenging in interpreting the patient’s respiratory mechanics, but can also cause false triggers in the mechanical ventilator resulting in a patient-ventilator asynchrony. In this thesis, we present a Peso enhancement scheme using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) to suppress CGO interference. The proposed method was applied to synthetically generated Peso signals as well as real-world Peso signals from mechanically ventilated ICU patients. The proposed technique has been shown to significantly reduce the amplitude fluctuations caused by CGOs. The technique’s performance has been assessed through Face Validation by our collaborating clinicians, and is found to be suitable in not only suppressing CGO, but also extracting CGO from clinically acquired Peso signals.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Zara

The Esophageal Pressure (Peso) signal can be used to monitor the respiratory mechanics of critically ill patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and has been successfully used in guiding mechanical ventilation strategies to improve patient outcomes. However, cardiogenic oscillations (CGOs) are a major source of interference, which not only makes it challenging in interpreting the patient’s respiratory mechanics, but can also cause false triggers in the mechanical ventilator resulting in a patient-ventilator asynchrony. In this thesis, we present a Peso enhancement scheme using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) to suppress CGO interference. The proposed method was applied to synthetically generated Peso signals as well as real-world Peso signals from mechanically ventilated ICU patients. The proposed technique has been shown to significantly reduce the amplitude fluctuations caused by CGOs. The technique’s performance has been assessed through Face Validation by our collaborating clinicians, and is found to be suitable in not only suppressing CGO, but also extracting CGO from clinically acquired Peso signals.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardhati Ab Rahman ◽  
Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff ◽  
Nurhanis Syazni Roslan ◽  
Jamilah Al-Muhammady Mohammad ◽  
Anisa Ahmad

Abstract Purpose Most of the resilience scales were developed for the non-medical population, therefore the purpose of this study was developing and validating a resilience scale for medical professionals – namely Medical Professionals Resilience Scale (MeRS). Methods A questionnaire development and validation study was conducted. The resilience domains and items were identified and generated through a literature review. The content validation was carried out by content experts and the content validity index (CVI) was calculated. The face validation was performed by medical officers and the face validity index (FVI) was calculated. The final MeRS was administered to 167 medical officers, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability analysis were performed to assess MeRS’s factorial structure and internal consistency. Results Four domains with 89 items of medical professionals’ resilience were developed. Following that, the content and face validation was conducted, and a total of 41-items remained for construct validation. EFA extracted four factors, namely growth, control, involvement, and resourceful, with a total of 37 items. The items’ CVI and FVI values were more than 0.80. The final MeRS’s items had factor loading values ranged from 0.41 to 0.76, and the Cronbach’s alpha values of the resilience domains ranged from 0.72 to 0.89. Conclusions MeRS is a promising scale for measuring medical professionals’ resilience as it showed good psychometric properties. This study provided validity evidence in terms of content, response process, and internal structure that supported the validity of MeRS in the measurement of resilience domains among medical professionals.


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