Digital Shadow Economy – Literature Review

The virtual environment is a phenomenon that has grown exponentially in recent years, changing the way the economy evolves. Through e-commerce, social media platforms, online stores, or websites, financial resources are rolled both legally and illegally. Thus, some transactions are not accounted for or taxed, and also the concept of the digital shadow economy, defined as economic shadow activities conducted in electronic space, with no physical contact is increasingly present today. This paper aims to review and systematically analyze, through bibliometric analysis, using the Web of Science scientific platform and the VOSviewer software, the notion of digital shadow economy, determining the current state of knowledge in the field. Also, a comparative research was performed between digital shadow economy and the traditional shadow economy. The main findings reveal that digital shadow economy has a novelty character that refers to an economy based on digitized services and products, which escapes the official estimates of the GDP and the main research tendencies concern the conceptualization of the term and its main activity channels, aspects that distinguish it from traditional shadow economy. Furthermore, a thematic cluster, containing links to the digital shadow economy term can be noticed to be around cybercrimes.

The Importance of Digital Transformation in International Business

This study was developed under the scope of a Portuguese project focused on the entrepreneur’s perspective and perception on the internationalization process of his company: more specifically, about the factors that enhanced the company entry into foreign markets as well as the constraints found in this process. This work focuses on the importance of using digital transformation to integrate technological tools in international business practice and strategy and the obstacles encountered with introducing these new technologies. This study aims to determine the relationships between technology categories and obstacles. The final goal is to assess the impact of these characteristics of the companies by the sector of economic activity, size, and percentage of profits resulting from international expansion. A questionnaire was designed and sent by email to 8183 companies from the AICEP database, distributed by three main activity sectors. A total of 310 valid answers were gathered from the Portuguese internationalized companies. The research limitations are related to the reduced number of interviews. These interviews showed that managers were not aware of the concept of digital transformation and misunderstood the use of digital technologies in the internationalization process of the business. This limitation can add some bias to the qualitative results. In addition to these limitations, the number of responses per sector was also not homogeneous. The practical implications of this study are that managers and top-level executives can use that to better understand how companies could use digital tools and what obstacles they should avoid when they want to internationalize their business. This paper is one of the first research contributions to analyze the impact of digital transformation in the internalization of Portuguese companies.

Socioeconomic profile of producers and dairy technological of farms in the southern mesoregion of Santa Catarina

This study characterized the socioeconomic profile of milk producers and dairy technological of farms in the southern mesoregion of Santa Catarina. Following a 6.5% sampling of total farms by municipality, 95% confidence level, 5% sampling error, and group heterogeneity, data were collected from 308 farms, 22 of which were excluded due to insufficient data. The farmers were selected randomly, and information extracted from an electronic form, addressing social, economic, technical and technological issues. The data were analyzed using factor, cluster, and discriminant analysis. As farms with the main activity of dairy farming, they have an average area of 20.79 hectares and a production of 12.18 liters per animal per day. I n the factor analysis, the first factor was related to the area and productivity of farms and the second factor to sanitary control and the feed variety of the animals. The cluster analysis formed three clusters; the first and the second were composed of larger farms and areas, and the other consisted of smaller farms, the latter involving more producers. As farms are characterized by low production, there is clearly a deficiency in technical support for producers.

Climate Variability and Urban Agricultural Activities in Ibadan, Nigeria

Two terms that are enjoying increasing overwhelming global literature advocacy and discussion are urban farming and climate change. While there is increasing advocacy towards the relevance of urban agriculture for urban dwellers and how it translates into a mitigation strategy against climate change variability and adaptation to urban poverty, the effect of some urban farming activities and how it serves as a driver to climate change needs to be investigated. In most of the urban periphery where there is availability of a large expanse of land areas, farming activities are usually practised in form of settlement farm, livestock rearing, or plantation agriculture. The study based on quantitative and qualitative data from urban farmers in Ibadan argues that the location of urban farmlands is dependent on climatic factor such as access to land. The study identified that climate variability as reported by the urban farmers has resulted in the increased use of fertilizer for farming by urban farmers, and the main activity that is pro-climate change and variability is bush burning.

THE REALIZATION OF IMPOLITENESS STRATEGIES USED BY STUDENTS IN ENGLISH ONLINE LEARNING THROUGH ZOOM DURING PANDEMIC COVID-19

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was detected in China in December 2019, spread throughout the world within a few months and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March 2020. It also has hit Indonesia since March 2020. It affects 90.2% of students worldwide, in which 1.57 billion students are absent from school and 191 countries including Indonesia. Unfortunately, the observation found that the students often say impolite language, such as mock their friends, change their friends’ name, and have high intonation when they were uttering their opinion during online teaching and learning process through Zoom. It is very serious problem because impoliteness happened during the main activity. The objective of the study was to find out the realizations of impoliteness strategies used by students in English online learning through Zoom during pandemic Covid-19. The study was descriptive qualitative. The subject of the study was VII grade of SMP Ar-Rahman Percut. The data of the study was impoliteness clauses which are recorded from the students’ interaction. The finding of the study, there were eight realizations of impoliteness strategies found in this study, they are be disinterested, unconcerned, unsympathetic; use inappropriate identity marker; use obscure or secretive language; seek disagreement; use taboo words; call the other name; frighten; and condescend, scorn or ridicule. Then, there were three additional realizations, they are employing insincere; direct speech, clear, unambiguous; and invade the other’s space. Keywords: Impoliteness, Students in English Online Learning, Zoom, Covid-19

Individual psychotherapeutic work with teachers as one of the factors in increasing the efficiency of a modern teacher

Львиная доля нашей жизни – это учеба. Учеба в школе, институте, университете… Учеба – это, прежде всего, учителя, каждый из которых наделен своими особенностями. Чьи-то личностные особенности нам помогают адаптироваться, заинтересоваться наукой, понять, кем я хочу быть. Таким учителям мы благодарны всю свою жизнь. Но всегда на долгом пути образования встречаются и те, кто нам не нравится по каким-то причинам. Причинам, которые мы часто и сами осознать не можем. Известный факт, что профессия педагога – одна из наиболее затратных психологически и эмоционально. Хорошему учителю нужно быть зрелым, эмоционально устойчивым, здоровым психически и физически. Если же педагог, помимо своей основной деятельности, занимается также реализацией дополнительных образовательных проектов, уровень энергозатрат возрастает вдвойне. Труд учителя всегда насыщен ситуациями, которые, в итоге, могут привести (и приводят) к выгоранию: эмоциональная загруженность, огромная ответственность, длительное нахождение в состоянии перманентного стресса. В результате перегруженный педагог очень быстро «сгорает» в пламени неврозов, депрессий, психосоматических заболеваний. Таким образом, в школе давно назрела ситуация, где основным клиентом психолога должен быть педагог. Автор настоящей статьи рассматривает попытку реализации психотерапевтической работы с педагогами на базе МАОУ «Гимназии №23 г. Челябинска» в рамках реализации модели проектной школы «Практики будущего» на примере метапредметной области «Урбанистика». В статье представлены теоретические основания и методические указания, касающиеся применения психотерапии на основе метода символдрамы в работе с педагогами. Теоретический материал иллюстрирован примерами из практики автора. В качестве данных для исследования были использованы протоколы сессий. В результате исследования автор приходит к выводу, что целесообразно вводить в штат школ ставку психотерапевта или клинического психолога именно для работы с педагогическим составом. A huge period in person's life is closely associated with studying at school, college, or university. Studying is teachers, each of whom is endowed with their own characteristics. Teacher's personality traits help us to adapt, to become interested in science, to understand who we are to be. We are grateful to teachers all our lives. But there are always those who we do not like for some reasons on the long road of education. The reasons that we often cannot even realize. It is well known that teaching as a profession is one of the most energy-intensive. A good teacher needs to be mature, emotionally resilient, mentally and physically healthy. If a teacher, in addition to their main activity, is also engaged in the implementation of additional educational projects, the energy expenditure becomes even greater. The teacher's work is always full of situations, which, in the end, can (and do) lead to burnout: emotional workload, huge responsibility and permanent stress. As a result, an overworked teacher is likely to burn out in the flame of neuroses, depression, psychosomatic diseases. Thus, the school has a long overdue situation where the main client of a psychologist must be the teacher. After all, professional activity is replete with factors that provoke emotional burnout: high emotional workload, many a number of emotional factors, the daily and hourly need for empathy, sympathy, responsibility for children and their work. As a result, a teacher becomes a hostage to the situation of emotional burnout, a prisoner of the emotional and professional behavior stereotypes. Among the professional illnesses of teachers there are various neuroses, and psychopathic conditions, in addition to a number of psychosomatic disorders. In this regard, an important part of a psychologist's activity at school is psychotherapeutic work with teachers and educators who implement additional educational projects. The author of this article considers an attempt to implement psychotherapeutic work with teachers in the MAEI "Gymnasium № 23 of Chelyabinsk" within the framework implementation of the model project school "Practices of the Future" in the example of the metasubject area "Urban Studies". The article presents theoretical foundations and guidelines for the use of psychotherapy based on the symboldrama method for work with teachers. The theoretical material is illustrated with the examples from the author's practice. Session protocols were used as data for the study. As a result of the study, the author therefore asserts the conclusion that it is advisable to introduce a psychotherapist or a clinical psychologist into the school specifically for working with the teaching staff.

Pengaruh Pemahaman Nasabah Pada Jenis Produk Terhadap Kelancaran Pembayaran Angsuran Di BMT Niaga Utama Purwakarta

The banking industry is currently experiencing rapid development where the main activity of financial institutions is to collect funds and channel them back to the public in the form of credit/financing. Problems that arise from the financing process are bad funds from customers as an unavoidable risk with several indicators of causes such as customer income, disasters experienced by customers, awareness and refunds from understanding the financing contract contract. This study aims to analyze the effect of customer understanding on mudharabah products, murabahah products, and murabahah products and to examine the effect of average customer understanding on payment growth at BMT Niaga Utama Purwakarta. This research was conducted by quantitative descriptive method using a sample of 34 customers from a population of 67 customers. Determination of the research sample is through a random sampling system with a Likert scale. The results of this study indicate that the customer's understanding of the mudharabah product is stated to be significant for payment payments with a value of rcount (0.84) > rtable (0.648), while the customer's understanding of the musyarakah product is stated to have no significant effect on payment performance with a value of rcount (0.697) < rtable (0.738). As for the influence of customer understanding of the value of murabahah products, the sig. (2-tailed) number is 0.000 which is smaller than the level of significant (α) 5% and is declared significant. While the effect of the known average value of Ucount = 22 > Utable 17 shows that there is no difference between understanding the product of mudharabah, musyarakah and murabahah on installment payments.

English Teachers’ Readiness to Implementing Online Learning

Nowadays, education system is conducted in the different ways in which the learning and teaching process can be done as a distance learning without time and space limitation or commonly known as online learning. This study aimed at analyzing teachers’ readiness implementing online learning and to know strengths and weakness of online learning. This study was formed in descriptive qualitative research. Five teachers and a principal involved as subject meanwhile object of the study was teachers’ readiness implementing online learning. The data were gained through observation, survey, and interview by the use of observation check-list, questionnaire, and interview guide. The obtained data were analyzed by using Qualitative Data Analysis. The result showed the readiness of English teachers implementing online learning was good enough. Teachers was ready in 3 procedures like opening/pre-activity, main activity, and post-activity that conducted by the online meeting. Unstable of internet and not optimal learning were the disadvantages of online learning because teachers couldn't meet students directly and teacher only could transfer knowledge or theory and teacher couldn't educate students’ character. While for advantages aspect, teacher easier and simpler in teaching because they could teach anywhere. Online learning program was supportive and helpful to the institution, especially the school in this abnormal situation and condition.

ROLE OF WATER TRANSPORT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA OF UKRAINE

The article is devoted to water transport and its role in the tourism sector. Water transport is one of the oldest forms of transport and remained the most important until the advent of transcontinental railways in the second half of the 19th century. It plays a huge role in the tourism sector and is used quite actively. The most significant advantages are a high level of comfort, a large volume of one-time loading of ships, the possibility of implementing various types and purposes of tourism (educational, business tourism, educational, shop tourism). The main type of sea and river transportation in tourism is cruises - travel in a vicious circle with radial trips from ports to the interior regions of countries. The main activity of water transport is to meet the needs of people in passenger transportation, as well as the demand for recreation during a sea trip. More than 25 years ago from Odessa it was easy to quickly and inexpensively get to anywhere in the Black Sea; a powerful fleet of passenger hydrofoils successfully competed with trains and aircraft throughout the Northern Black Sea region. By the beginning of the 1980s, hydrofoils "Kometa" and "Kolkhida" sailed from Odessa to Kherson, Kakhovka, Zaporozhye, Nikolaev, and also towards Crimea – to Skadovsk, Evpatoria, Sevastopol, Yalta, Kerch, Novorossiysk and Sochi. "Comets" and "Colchis" covered the distance along the Odessa – Kherson line in 2 hours and 40 minutes, in contrast to automobile transport – 4 hours, which was much more comfortable and faster. And boats and sea trams running along the coast of the Odessa Gulf, from Kryzhanovka to Chernomorka, were one of Odessa's calling cards from the post-war times until the 1990s, when the history of Odessa sea trams and hydrofoils ended. Sea transport and water travel play a huge role in the tourism sector all over the world, therefore their revival is an integral part in the development and modernization of the tourism sector of the Northern Black Sea region. In the 2000s and 2010s, there were attempts to revive coastal passenger shipping in the Black Sea, but not as successful. The main obstacle to the return of high-speed coastal passenger shipping to Odessa is the seasonality and dependence on the weather, which makes water transport not as stable as the railway. Despite this, "Rockets" and "Komets" do not have competition in speed with any bus and railway on such river and sea directions as Nikolaev, Kherson, Zaporozhye, Dnepropetrovsk, Izmail, etc. Moreover, it will serve the development of domestic and foreign tourism.

THE ROLE OF CUSTODIAN IN THE FORMATION OF ART WORKS COLLECTION (on the example of educational and methodological funds of the Drawing Department of the National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture)

The article considers the peculiarities of formation of the collection of educational and methodical funds of the Drawing Department of the National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture (NAFAA). The purpose of the study is to identify the role of the custodian in the process of forming the collection; determination of special professional requirements and specific range of job responsibilities of the keeper of museum collection of the institution of higher art education by studying the history of the collection. On the basis of the study of NAFAA archival materials and conversations with employees of the Academy, the list of persons responsible for the preservation of the collection of educational and methodical funds of the Drawing Department since 1937 has been established. It was found out that the position of the person responsible for the preservation of the collection of educational and methodical funds of the Drawing Department, during second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, had different names: Head of the drawing studyroom, Educational master, Master of industrial training, Head of the educational laboratory of the Drawing Department. People who worked with the funds mostly had higher art education (or intended to acquire it): they were practicing artists, graduates of painting, graphic arts, restoration, theory and history of art, pedagogical or architectural faculties. It was noted that the process of transferring art values took place between the responsible employees without any documentary support, and the employees themselves were changing their positions almost annually until the 1990s. It was proved that the absence of appropriate position of funds keeper in the staff schedule of the KSAI-NAFAA, which requires a professional education in art history and knowledge of museum management methods, had a negative impact on the preservation of collection. Thus, the museum, which is planned to be established under the NAFAA in the near future, should become a special structural subdivision. Along with its main activity related to the acquisition, recording, storage, conservation (preservation) and restoration of museum treasures, the NAFAA museum should perform an important educational and methodological function. To the typical duties of the Head keeper of the NAFAA museum collections there should necessarily be the requirement to know the history, methods and techniques of teaching artistic disciplines, as well as to have pedagogical experience.