Convolutional Neural Networks Used to Date Photographs

Nowadays, the information provided by digital photographs is very complete and very relevant in different professional fields, such as scientific or forensic photography. Taking this into account, it is possible to determine the date when they were taken, as well as the type of device that they were taken with, and thus be able to locate the photograph in a specific context. This is not the case with analog photographs, which lack any information regarding the date they were taken. Extracting this information is a complicated task, so classifying each photograph according to the date it was taken is a laborious task for a human expert. Artificial intelligence techniques make it possible to determine the characteristics and classify the images automatically. Within the field of artificial intelligence, convolutional neural networks are one of the most widely used methods today. This article describes the application of convolutional neural networks to automatically classify photographs according to the year they were taken. To do this, only the photograph is used, without any additional information. The proposed method divides each photograph into several segments that are presented to the network so that it can estimate a year for each segment. Once all the segments of a photograph have been processed, a general year for the photograph is calculated from the values generated by the network for each of its segments. In this study, images taken between 1960 and 1999 were analyzed and classified using different architectures of a convolutional neural network. The computational results obtained indicate that 44% of the images were classified with an error of less than 5 years, 20.25% with a marginal error between 5 and 10 years, and 35.75% with a higher marginal error of more than 10 years. Due to the complexity of the problem, the results obtained are considered good since 64.25% of the photographs were classified with an error of less than 10 years. Another important result of the study carried out is that it was found that the color is a very important characteristic when classifying photographs by date. The results obtained show that the approach given in this study is an important starting point for this type of task and that it allows placing a photograph in a specific temporal context, thus facilitating the work of experts dedicated to scientific and forensic photography.

Intersection of Serious Games and Learning Motivation for Medical Education

Educational scholars are implementing technologies into the educational process. They use virtual reality, simulations, augmented reality and other immersive technologies that provide entertainment and an interesting, immersive environment as well as engage and motivate students. The aim of this research is to understand the scope and the nature of studies where serious games for medical education are prospective research subjects for the development of learning motivation. There are specific research questions that are of interest to the authors: (1) how many studies are devoted to exploring how serious games and simulations develop learning motivation; (2) how many studies are devoted to medical education, especially continuing professional education; and (3) which professional fields are most reflected in the search results, and is interdisciplinary learning observed? To answer the research questions, a systematic analysis of publications was chosen as the research method. Altogether, 132 articles published from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 were selected for the review.

Genre Differences in Soft Skills Perception and Video Game Usage in the University of Extremadura

The preconceived notion concerning negative effects of video games and students' academic performance is a widely known subject. However, some investigations explore the positive impact of video games on academic performance. With a sample of 247 university students, this chapter studies the perception of both gamers and non-gamers about soft skills and their current relevance in academic and professional fields. The possible relationships linking the intensity of the usage of video games, academic performance, and the perception concerning soft skills are investigated. The results expose a generalized positive perception respecting the relation between video games and the development of soft skills, specifically to the video game genre and its relevance and influence on academic performance, as well as gender differences, where women prevail in emotional and social managements, although this influence is not elevated.

Optimizing the Construction of Multidimensional System of Entrepreneurship Education from the Perspective of the Second Classroom

Construction of the entrepreneurial ability evaluation system based on the Communist Youth League’s second class is presented in this paper. Drawing on the advanced experience of foreign countries and in accordance with the requirements of UNESCO, the objectives of innovation and entrepreneurship education should be integrated into school education and teaching objectives, and the content, curriculum, and atmosphere of social entrepreneurship education should be highlighted, with the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education as the focus of practice. Combining the characteristics and advantages of all disciplines and disciplines, we will create an innovative and pioneering education system that integrates interyear, interdisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and distinctive features and infiltrates the entire process of cultivating outstanding professionals in various fields. Through entrepreneurship education, general education courses to guide students to focus more on professional courses pay more attention to the latest developments in professional fields and innovation thus optimizing their knowledge structure and cultivating their innovative thinking, entrepreneurial awareness, and professional competence

LEADERSHIP POSITION AS A COMPONENT OF THE PERSONALITY OF THE FUTURE SPECIALIST

the article reveals the concept of leadership position of the future specialist in the context of his connections with personal qualities. The latest research on the topic of leadership is considered. It is specified that the leadership position of the future specialist is a personal education that includes awareness of the future specialist’s readiness to play the role of leader and ability to organizational influence on the production team, it is based on leadership potential and is formed in the process of mastering leadership in various life situations, including conditions of the professional sphere. The results of the study of the leadership position of future specialists in various professional fields are presented. It is determined that most future professionals are characterized by the presence of personal traits necessary for the development of leadership, but their experience in the process of education does not allow to try on the role of leader, which negatively affects their motivation to develop leadership.

Future Skills of Flight Attendants in Times of COVID-19-Related Job Uncertainty—The Case of Germany

“Future skills” increase employees’ prospects in the labor market, particularly in dynamic times, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. (Not only) in Germany, flight attendants represent an occupational group without state-recognized vocational occupation who are particularly affected by the pandemic due to serious and long-lasting declines in air transport volumes. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the future skills of flight attendants play an important role when applying for jobs in other industries. An empirical survey (n = 273) from April 2021 indicates that German-speaking flight attendants possess some of the future skills most frequently identified in key studies on future competencies, as well as extensive language skills, but have deficits in “working with computer systems” and “programming”. Pro-active training of employees in future skills, especially in crisis-prone professions, could facilitate future transitions into new professional fields.

The role of supra-professional competencies in the professional development of students

Researchers' attention to the problem of supra-professional competencies is explained by the rapid changes in all spheres of human activity. Changes in the production sphere, changes in the labor market, changes in the economic, political, socio-cultural spheres pose the task of pedagogical science to search for internal resources of the educational process for the training of a new type of specialist. In today's changing conditions, the problem of training professional personnel is relevant all over the world and for all professional fields. One of the ways to solve this problem is the study and development of the theory and practice of supra-professional competencies as an additional resource for the professional development of a labor subject. The article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of various approaches to determining the content of the concept of "supra-professional competencies"; options for classifying these competencies; discusses the results of an empirical study to assess the formation of supra-professional competencies among students. The paper also presents a discussion by various authors on the role and significance of the formation and development of supra-professional competencies during vocational training. The presented work also emphasizes the fact that employers note a sufficiently high theoretical level of graduate training, which increases the share of practical training, but still graduates are not ready for creative and flexible application of the theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquired in the workplace. Drawing conclusions based on the assessment of different opinions, as well as the empirical results obtained, the authors emphasize the exceptional role and great importance of supra-professional competencies in the professional development and formation of a future specialist, which poses new challenges to the higher education system for the development and improvement of this group of competencies.

Изследване на взаимодействието между формалното и неформалното здравно образование

The article presents the results of a survey of personal opinions towards the interaction between formal and informal approaches and practices for complex health (incl. environmental and physical) education. Aiming to cover a wider range of individual exchanges and experiences, two parallel respondent groups were addressed: students in pedagogical and social professional fields (pedagogy, nonformal education, social activities), on the one hand, and pedagogical and sociopedagogical specialists employed inside and outside the formal education system, on the other. The analysis of the survey data proves the significant place and role of convergence of formal and non-formal education for successful and sustainable personal development and realization for the two groups of persons surveyed, but also outlined some specific dividing lines in their experiments and positions.

Contours of Feminist Consciousness in the Musical and Theatrical Life of Vilnius: The Second Half of the Nineteenth Century and the Early Twentieth Century

Feminism is a broad concept, and its definition is a constant subject of debate. The article is limited to the treatment of feminism as one of the aspects in the development of female identity. The chronological boundaries of feminism discussed in this article cover the period from the second half of the nineteenth to the beginning of the twentieth century. This period is traditionally considered the first wave of feminism as an organized movement. Although primarily associated with the fight for the right of women to vote, this movement also extended to women’s other social and professional fields. Both in Lithuania and other countries, the growing modernisation of society gradually rendered the general attitude towards women’s creative work more liberal: the artistic expression of actresses and female musicians became freer. However, the shift in public consciousness and the transformation of values was not fast enough. Traditions of social life and the stereotypes of gender cohesion resulted in diverse public reflections on these changes for a long period of time: women were often subjected to one set of standards on the stage and another set of standards when off the stage. The theatrical and concert life of Vilnius, Lithuania’s major culture hub, witnessed more and more examples (both local and foreign) that reflected the change in female self-expression. On the theatre stage, actresses demonstrated unusually bold means of acting expression (admittedly, this phenomenon was partly due to the epochal changes in theatre art), dared to play male roles. The number of female soloists in concerts was growing: female singers and pianists had to compete with violinists. Although with caution (triggered by the position of the instrument while playing it), female cellists were admitted to the cultural space. It should be noted that the striving of a woman – an actress or a musician –to break or ignore the deep-rooted public stereotypes would often receive a controversial response from the public and the reviewers of cultural events.