cultivar susceptibility
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Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Xinyi Hao ◽  
Bolei Jiao ◽  
Yunlei Wang ◽  
Boxing Shang ◽  
Yan Xu

Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is globally one of the most economically important fruit crops. China is the largest grapevine-growing country of the world and Shaanxi province is one of the major grapevine-growing provinces in the country. A survey of GLRaV-3 found it widespread, with 57–100% infection frequencies, in both wine and table grapevine cultivars of three grapevine-growing regions of Shaanxi province. The virus infection frequencies varied with cultivars and regions. In order to obtain the full genomic length of a new GLRaV-3 isolate, GLRaV-3-Sau (accession number MK988555), was sequenced. This isolate has a genome of 18026 nucleotides, and 14 open reading frames (ORFs). The full-genome of the isolate GLRaV-3-Sau shared 85.88% nucleotide identity to GLRaV-3-LN, another isolate found in China. Coat protein (CP) genes of GLRaV-3 isolates were identical (99%) to the Vitis vinifera isolate (accession number HQ185608.1) from the USA. Immunohistochemistry for virus localization found that distribution patterns were similar in red-berried cultivar ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and white-berried cultivar ‘Chardonnay’, and GLRaV-3 is restricted in phloem tissue of vascular bundles. Virus transmission by micrografting found virus transmission efficiency was higher in ‘Chardonnay’ and ‘Thompson Seedless’ than in ‘Hunan-1’, indicating that ‘Hunan-1’ was less sensitive to GLRaV-3. As far as we know, these are the most comprehensive comparisons on the genome and CP genes of GLRaV-3 worldwide and the first to have found that the grapevine ‘Hunan-1’ is less susceptible to GLRaV-3.


Plant Disease ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Beluzán ◽  
Xavier Miarnau ◽  
Laura Torguet ◽  
Lourdes Zazurca ◽  
Paloma Abad-Campos ◽  
...  

Twenty-five almond cultivars were assessed for susceptibility to Diaporthe amygdali, causal agent of twig canker and shoot blight disease. In laboratory experiments, growing twigs were inoculated with four D. amygdali isolates. Moreover, growing shoots of almond cultivars grafted onto INRA ‘GF-677’ rootstock were used in four-year field inoculations with one D. amygdali isolate. In both type of experiments, inoculum consisted of agar plugs with mycelium, which were inserted underneath the bark and the lesion lengths caused by the fungus were measured. Necrotic lesions were observed in the inoculated almond cultivars both in laboratory and field tests, confirming the susceptibility of all the evaluated cultivars to all the inoculated isolates of D. amygdali. Cultivars were grouped as susceptible or very susceptible according to a cluster analysis. The relationship between some agronomic traits and cultivar susceptibility was also investigated. Blooming and ripening times were found relevant variables to explain cultivars performance related to D. amygdali susceptibility. Late and very late blooming, and early and medium ripening cultivars were highly susceptible to D. amygdali. Our results may provide valuable information that could assist in ongoing breeding programs of this crop and additionally in the selection of cultivars for new almond plantations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
J. A. LaMondia ◽  
E. Allan-Perkins ◽  
S. Kodati

Abstract We investigated the spread of boxwood blight in a simulated landscape under conducive natural conditions from 2017 to 2019. We used strict sanitation to greatly reduce or eliminate spread by contact. Movement of the pathogen from an infected source plant was limited to one plant, likely spread by means of water splash. Plants were mulched with composted hardwood chips and mulching likely was primarily responsible for limiting spread to only the adjacent plant. Boxwood (Buxus spp.) cultivar susceptibility and fungicide spray programs influenced the incidence of spread and severity of disease; in 2018 and 2019 the more susceptible cultivar had higher disease incidence and severity, respectively, than less susceptible cultivars. Fungicide application only caused a small reduction in disease incidence in 2018. We also demonstrated that spores in clumps could survive extended dry conditions, indicating the importance of sanitation procedures on reducing spread. This experiment demonstrates that boxwood blight can be controlled in a landscape by following best management practices including cultural, sanitation, host susceptibility and fungicide application tactics. Index words: epidemiology, fungicide management, Buxus, chemical disease management, mulch, resistance. Chemicals used in this study: chlorothalonil (Daconil WeatherStik 54.0% F), fludioxonil plus cyprodinil (Palladium 25% and 37.5% WDG), mancozeb (Manzate 80% WP), metconazole (Tourney 50% WDG), propiconazole (ProCon-Z 14.3 L), pyraclostrobin (Insignia 20 WG), pyraclostrobin plus fluxapyroxad (Orkestra Intrinsic 21.26 SC), tebuconazole (Torque 38.7 SC), thiophanate-methyl (Spectro90 50% WP). Species used in this study: boxwood (Buxus L.), boxwood blight (Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Crous, J.Z. Groenew. & C.F. Hill) L. Lombard, M. J. Wingf. & Crous.


Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Ann L. Hazelrigg ◽  
Terence L. Bradshaw ◽  
Gabriella S. Maia

Susceptibility to diseases of economically important grapes is critical to the evaluation of germplasm recommended for commercial production and for the development of sustainable production systems. In 2018–2019, the cold-hardy grape cultivars including ‘Brianna’, ‘Crimson Pearl’, ‘Itasca’, ‘Louise Swenson’, ‘Marechal Foch’, ‘Marquette’ ‘Petite Pearl’, ‘St. Pepin’, and ‘Verona’ were evaluated on non-treated vines for susceptibility to downy mildew, powdery mildew, black rot, anthracnose, Phomopsis leaf spot and fruit rot, and Botrytis bunch rot. No cultivars were consistently disease-free, and all exhibited some degree of black rot and powdery mildew infection. Relative susceptibility to disease was not consistent across both years, but ‘Brianna’ had greater incidence of black rot and ‘Louise Swenson’ showed lower incidence of powdery mildew in both years. The relatively new cultivars ‘Crimson Pearl’ and ‘Verona’ exhibited comparatively moderate disease susceptibility overall. Growers typically manage diseases with fungicides on commercial farms, so cultivar susceptibility is just one component of a sustainable pest management and production system.


Author(s):  
David Adam Strickland ◽  
Kathie Hodge ◽  
Kerik Cox

Within is a comprehensive review of current apple powdery mildew literature, with the taxonomy, morphology, and life cycle of the causal phytopathogen Podosphaera leucotricha described. A discussion of economic impact, environmental aspects contributing to apple powdery mildew epidemiology, options for cultural, chemical, and biopesticide disease control, and fungicide resistance in P. leucotricha is also detailed. The present status of breeding for host resistance and apple cultivar susceptibility are discussed. Finally, emerging research into the biology and management of apple powdery mildew are discussed along with how they may aid future research endeavors.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Juan L. Chacón-Vozmediano ◽  
David Gramaje ◽  
Maela León ◽  
Josep Armengol ◽  
Juan Moral ◽  
...  

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are one of the main biotic stress factors affecting this crop. The use of tolerant grapevine cultivars would be an interesting and sustainable alternative strategy to control GTDs. To date, most studies about cultivar susceptibility have been conducted under controlled conditions, and little information is available about tolerance to natural infections caused by GTD fungi. The objectives of this study were: (i) to identify tolerant cultivars to GTD fungi within a Spanish germplasm collection, based on external symptoms observed in the vineyard; and (ii) to characterize the pathogenic mycoflora associated with symptomatic vines. For this purpose, a grapevine germplasm collection including 22 white and 25 red cultivars was monitored along three growing seasons, and their susceptibility for esca foliar symptoms was assessed. Fungi were identified by using morphological and molecular methods. Cultivars such as, ‘Monastrell’, ‘Graciano’, ‘Cabernet Franc’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Syrah’, ‘Moscatel de Alejandría’, ‘Sauvignon Blanc’, and ‘Airén’ displayed high susceptibility to GTDs, whereas others such as ‘Petit Verdot’, ‘Pinot Noir’, ‘Chardonnay’, and ‘Riesling’ were considered as tolerant. The prevalent fungal species isolated from symptomatic vines were Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (27.9% of the fungal isolates), Cryptovalsa ampelina (24.6%), and Dothiorella sarmentorum (21.3%).


Author(s):  
Ann L Hazelrigg ◽  
Terence L Bradshaw ◽  
Gabriella S. Maia

Susceptibility to economically-important diseases of grapes is critical to the evaluation of germplasm recommended for commercial production and for development of sustainable production systems. In 2018-2019, nine cold-hardy grape cultivars including ‘Brianna’, ‘Crimson Pearl’, ‘Itasca’, ‘Louise Swenson’, ‘Marechal Foch’, ‘Marquette’ ‘Petite Pearl’, ‘St. Pepin’, and ‘Verona’ were evaluated on non-treated vines for susceptibility to downy mildew, powdery mildew, black rot, anthracnose, Phomopsis leaf spot and fruit rot, and Botrytis bunch rot. No cultivars were consistently disease-free, and all exhibited some degree of black rot and powdery mildew infection. Relative susceptibility to disease was not consistent across both years, but ‘Brianna’ had greater incidence of black rot and ‘Louise Swenson’ showed lower incidence of powdery mildew in both years. The relatively new cultivars ‘Crimson Pearl’ and ‘Verona’ exhibited comparatively moderate disease susceptibility overall. Growers typically manage diseases with fungicides on commercial farms, so cultivar susceptibility is just one component of a sustainable pest management and production system.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip L. Martin ◽  
Teresa Krawczyk ◽  
Fatemeh Khodadadi ◽  
Srđan G. Aćimović ◽  
Kari Peter

Apple growers in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States have been reporting an increase in losses to bitter rot of apple and are requesting up-to-date management recommendations. Management is complicated by variations in apple cultivar susceptibility, temperature and rainfall, and biology of the Colletotrichum species that cause bitter rot. Over 500 apples with bitter rot were obtained from 38 orchards across the Mid-Atlantic and the causal species identified as C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae of the C. acutatum species complex and C. chrysophilum, C. noveboracense, C. siamense, C. fructicola, C. henanense, and C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto of the C. gloeosporioides species complex, the latter two being first reports. Species with faster in vitro growth rates at higher temperatures were more abundant in warmer regions of the Mid-Atlantic, while those with slower growth rates at higher temperatures were more abundant in cooler regions. Regional bloom dates are earlier and weather data shows a gradual warming trend that likely influenced, but was not necessarily the main cause of the recent increase in bitter rot in the region. A grower survey of apple cultivar susceptibility showed high variation, with the increase in acres planted to the highly susceptible cultivar ‘Honeycrisp’ broadly corresponding to the increase in reports of bitter rot. These results form a basis for future studies on the biology and ecology of the Colletotrichum species responsible, and suggest that integrated bitter rot management must begin with selection of less-susceptible apple cultivars.


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