corylus avellana l
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Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Daniela S. Poșta ◽  
Isidora Radulov ◽  
Ileana Cocan ◽  
Adina A. Berbecea ◽  
Ersilia Alexa ◽  
...  

In this study, the nutritional potential of some hazelnut varieties from the spontaneous flora of Romania was analyzed as a means to increase the sustainability of the local production. The chemical composition from hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) from spontaneous flora was determined in terms of mineral substances, protein, as well as essential and non-essential amino acids. The eight amino acids investigated had the following average values: Arg—0.68 g/100 g, Phe—0.415 g/100 g, Ser—0.277 g/100 g, Glu—0.188 g/100 g, Asp—0.133 g/100 g, Pro—0.038 g/100 g, and Lys—0.031 g/100 g. The average values of metal content were in the ranges: 88.39–146.98 µg·g−1 (Fe); 96.93–123.23 µg·g−1(Zn); 46.68–100.38 µg·g−1 (Cu); 26.00–87.78 µg·g−1 (Mn); 4.87–32.19 µg·g−1 (Ni); 1.87–2.84 µg·g−1 (Cr); and 1.29–1.86 µg·g−1 (Cd). Crude protein content values were in the range 16.33–22.31%. In order to harness this nutritional potential, the variety with superior quality indices was included, in the form of flour, in biscuit-type baked goods that were characterized from nutritional and sensory points of view. The results showed that the content of polyphenols increased with the addition of hazelnut flour, as did the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Agnese Allegrini ◽  
Pietro Salvaneschi ◽  
Bartolomeo Schirone ◽  
Kevin Cianfaglione ◽  
Alessandro Di Michele

Author(s):  
Ali Tekgüler

Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is naturally grown as a multi-stemmed shrub. This hazelnut produces lots of suckers. Suckers compete with the main branches for nutrients and water. Because the emergence of suckers negatively affects crop management in the hazelnut orchards are required to eliminate at least twice a year. Flaming is an alternative method to chemical and mechanical control methods. In this study, the effect of gas pressure, flaming time on fuel consumption and flaming efficiency in hazelnut sucker control were evaluated. The trials were carried out in an shrub ocak (in Turkish) type hazelnut orchard The results show that the torch flaming method is a useable method for hazelnut basal sucker cleaning. Gas pressure and flaming time had significant effects on fuel consumption and flaming efficiency. 150 s flaming duration and 3 bar pressure is sufficient for the flaming application. Durations above this time will increase fuel consumption and time loss.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Bijelić ◽  
Nenad Magazin ◽  
Sava Džankić ◽  
Draža Janković ◽  
Borivoje Bogdanović ◽  
...  

The latest trends in hazelnut production are moving in the direction of selection and breeding of more productive cultivars, isolation of native clones, and more intensive clonal selection of rootstocks aimed at enhancing the agronomic performance of plants. Serbia stands out in the production of quality planting material by grafting on Turkish filbert (Corylus colurna L.), which does not form shoots and develops in the form of a tree. The aim of this research was to investigate the success achieved by grafting leading Italian cultivars (Tonda gentile romana, Tonda di Giffoni, and Tonda Gentile della Langhe) and their clones on Turkish filbert seedlings using technology developed at the University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia, as well as determine possible differences in the quality and variability of the obtained planting material. For this purpose, from the end of March to the end of April, two-year-old C. colurna generative rootstocks (seedlings) were grafted by the whip and tongue method. At the beginning of September, the grafted plants were counted, and after the plants entered the dormant period (autumn in the year of grafting), they were taken out of the soil and classified. The obtained results revealed that the chosen hazel cultivars and clones exhibited excellent grafting success rate. In both analyzed years, as well as throughout the entire study period, greater grafting success was achieved using clones relative to the main cultivars. Over the two-year study period, the highest grafting success was achieved by clone AD17. Class I grafted plants were obtained in 80% of the cases, especially with Tombesi and AD17 clones, while significantly fewer Class I grafted plants were produced by grafting basic cultivars. Clones AD17 and Tombesi also produced grafted plants of greatest height and graft union diameter. All clones exhibited superior uniformity (i.e., a more stable grafting success) relative to their basic cultivars.


Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Vladimiro Guarnaccia ◽  
Davide Spadaro

Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), which is native to Europe and Western Asia, is a widely distributed and economically important crop in Italy, cultivated on 82,104 ha and its production is 110,618 t (ISTAT 2021). A total of one hundred and eleven black rotted nuts (incidence: 41%) with sunken lesions from Lu and Cuccaro (45°00'21.8"N/8°28'59.6"E), north-western Italy, were collected during the ripening stage of hazelnuts during October-December 2020. Symptomatic half cut kernels were sterilized in 1% NaClO for 1 min, washed in sterile water twice, and dried on sterile filter paper. The fragments were placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing streptomycin. After 48 to 72 h of incubation at 25°C, fast-growing white colonies with abundant aerial mycelia were observed. On the opposite side of the plates, colonies were initially white, then turned to dark-grayish olive after one week of incubation. Dark colonies produced globose, hyaline, ellipsoidal, unicellular conidia ranging from 12.23-15 μm x 5-6.71 μm. Morphologically, the causal agent was identified as Neofusicoccum parvum (Pennycook & Samuels) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips (Crous et al. 2006; Zhang et al. 2021). The DNA from the isolates HMa-19-2 and Hwb-4b-2 was extracted with the E.Z.N.A. Fungal DNA mini kit (Omega Bio-tek) according to manufacturer instructions. Molecular identification was confirmed by sequencing of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) using primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef-1α) gene by using the primers EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Carbone & Kohn, 1999). The sequences of both isolates were deposited in GenBank for ITS (accession numbers MZ848132 and MZ848133) and for tef-1α gene (accession numbers MZ913266 and MZ913267). The BLAST analysis showed 99% identity with ex-type strain of N. parvum (CMW9081) for ITS and tef-1α. Maximum likelihood method based on combined sequences of ITS and tef-1α genes was performed and the isolates of N. parvum clustered with ex-type strain of N. parvum (CMW9081; eXtra file). Pathogenicity of both isolates were tested on ripening hazelnuts (BBCH: 85) to evaluate Koch’s postulates. Three nuts per isolate, and per three replicates, were surface disinfected with 1% NaClO. A piece of shell (5 mm diameter) from nuts was removed with a sterile cork borer, then nuts were inoculated with PDA mycelium plugs of the same diameter cut from 7 days old PDA colony (Seddaiu et al. 2021). The control nuts were treated with sterilized PDA plugs. All inoculated nuts produced black lesions with softening pulp (eXtra file). Additionally, abundant white-gray mycelium developed on the inoculation sites. Control nuts showed no symptoms. Neofusicoccum parvuwas recently reported in Italy on chestnut (Seddaiu et al. 2021) and blueberry (Guarnaccia et al. 2021). The fungal pathogen was also reported as agent of grey necrosis of hazelnut in Chile (Duran et al. 2020). However, this is the first report of N. parvum on hazelnut nut in Italy. The findings suggest that N. parvum could severely affect hazelnut production in Italy. Accurate identification of the pathogen will support the growers to manage the disease.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Portarena ◽  
O Gavrichkova ◽  
E Brugnoli ◽  
A Battistelli ◽  
S Proietti ◽  
...  

Abstract In this study, grafted and own-rooted young hazelnut plants of three high-quality cultivars were cultivated in Central Italy to investigate possible differences in growth, fruit and flower production, and physiological processes encompassing water uptake, photosynthetic variables, and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) allocation. Stable isotopes and photosynthetic measurements were used to study carbon and water fluxes in plants. For the first time an ecophysiological study was carried out to understand the seasonal growth dynamics of grafted plants in comparison with own-rooted plants. The own-rooted hazelnuts showed rapid aboveground development with large canopy volume, high amount of sprouts and earlier yield. The grafted plants showed greater belowground development with lower canopy volumes and lower yield. However, later, the higher growth rates of the canopy led these plants to achieve the same size as that of the own-rooted hazelnuts and to enter the fruit production phase. Different seasonal behavior in root water uptake and leaf photosynthetic-related variables were detected between the two types of plants. The grafted plants showed root development that allowed deeper water uptake than that of the own-rooted hazelnuts. Moreover, the grafted plants were characterized by a higher accumulation of carbohydrate reserves in their root tissues and by higher stomatal reactivity, determining a major plasticity in response to seasonal thermal variations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. e0211-e0211
Author(s):  
Omer Keles ◽  

Aim of study: This study was conducted to classify hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) varieties by using artificial neural network and discriminant analysis. Area of study: Samsun Province, Turkey. Material and methods: The physical, mechanical and optical properties of 11 hazelnut varieties were determined for three major axes. The parameters of physical, mechanical and optical properties were included as independent variables, while hazelnut varieties were included as dependent variables. Models were created for each of the three axes to classify hazelnut varieties. Main results: Classification success rates with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Discriminant Analysis (DA) were found as 89.1% and 92.7% for X axis, as 92.7% and 92.7% for Y axis and as 86.8% and 88.7% for Z axis, respectively. The classification results of ANN and DA models were found to be very close to each other. Both models can be used in the classification of hazelnut varieties. Research highlights: The results obtained for the identification and classification of hazelnut varieties show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed models.


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