Colonial education in Icó-CE: educational process of the first inhabitants (1599-1759)

This article aimed to (re)constitute historic aspects of the educational process in Icó – CE, with emphases in the education of the local inhabitants, from 1599 to 1759, that is situated in the Brazilian colonial period. Therefore, it was realized a documental study, exploring some writings by local authors as Couto (1962) and Lima (1995). Education in Icó in Brazil Colonia was not a peaceful process. On contrary, it was in the beginning characterized by tensions, violence and resistance, because the native Indians insisted on defending their territory against European invaders. The religious indoctrination was a way used by determinators to subjugate native people culturally of Brazilian territory. The construction of Nossa Senhora da Expectação Church, in 1709, was a fundamental milestone to stabilization of the educating priests and organization of village routine.

The Crucifix in State Schools in Italy, Victim of Globalization, between Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Education

The interest to analyse the phenomenon of the exposure of religious symbols, particularly of the crucifix, in state schools in Italy and the principle of secularism, derives from the cultural and constitutional peculiarities that this system presents, as a consequence of the historical and cultural events that have influenced its ordering. First of all, it must be pointed out, as indeed it is evident, that Catholicism was the dominant faith for about two thousand years, and until recently, almost the only one. The Catholic religion has crossed the entire history of the country, penetrating and intertwining with the socio-cultural dynamics. For this reason, the Italian constitutional history has been crossed by the principle of tolerance. The latter can be considered clearly out-dated only with the Republican Constitution of 1948, thus the legal system emptied itself of its confessionalism. The last few years, as a result of strong migratory flows, the religious-cultural landscape, not only in Italy, but throughout Europe it seems to have changed. Other cultures have brought their own customs, languages and religions like a wave. Thus we are witnessing an extraordinary social, economic and juridical transformation. In this multicultural mosaic, the clash between civilizations could not be missing. Minorities have in many cases felt they were discriminated against, bullied and offended by the display in public buildings (schools, courtrooms, hospitals, etc.) of the symbol par excellence of Christianity, namely the crucifix, arousing the protest of parents of different faiths. All this has produced legal conflicts and jurisprudential rulings that have involved the European Court of Human Rights itself. This discussion aims to analyze from a socio-juridical point of view, the consequences of religious symbology external to educational institutions and to be able to give a juridical truth, stripped of religious indoctrination. This path will not be easy since every element inherent to religion touches delicate aspects, linked in particular with what is most profound in the people and culture of a country. Received: 2 March 2021 / Accepted: 14 April 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021

Theatre and Conversion in Early Modern Zürich, Berne and Lucerne

The limits of theatre as a medium for religious indoctrination became an object of exploration, debate, and censorship in the Swiss cities of Zürich, Berne and Lucerne. This chapter addresses how the civil and religious authorities of these cities struggled to control not just the content, but the audience’s interpretations of religious plays in the context of the Reformation.

Venice: The Converted City

By focusing on the Piazza San Marco, the chapter draws attention to the transformation of civic and religious spaces that took place in Venice between the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. It argues that the rise of urban culture and the reconfiguration of urban space sought not only to accommodate a growing population, but also to facilitate the emerging conversional theatrics of Church and State, which made use of urban spaces for the purpose of political and religious indoctrination.

Aesthetics in Biripo Musical Performance

Music is a universal language. Biripo music, even when restricted to a group of people in the Ikale/Ilaje/Apoi milieux, is an embodiment of the consciousness of the folks that combines the art of the people with entertainment as a major cultural thrust, achieving religious indoctrination, and entrenching ethical values in the environment. This paper attempts an analysis of the musical performance of Zeblon Omoranmowo entitled: word hangs loose and bursts (Oro Ma Se Dugbe Dugbe o Be o) through an examination of the subject matter, themes and analogies that may constitute veritable sources of conflicts to the larger society and internal disquietude to individuals. The paper explores the stage performance through an examination of the persona, competence, interaction, talent and reception. While relying on aesthetics as a tool of explication, the study unveils the response of the audience finding expression in dancing, clapping and offer of monetary gift to band members and concludes that the musical performance fulfils the yearning of the folks for entertainment.

Evangelical indigenous radio stations in Colombia: Between the promotion of social change and religious indoctrination

This article refutes dominant views that define evangelical indigenous media as intrinsic tools for religious indoctrination. The case of the Colombian Misak community shows that evangelical radio stations can contribute to community building. However, the degree of the positive or negative contribution of evangelical media depends on the dominance of evangelical presence at indigenous localities. The rapid expansion of indigenized evangelical groups via the provision of social services has radicalized Evangelicals against views different from their own. As a result, these evangelical media are progressively leaving their role as promoters of positive social change to become tools for religious indoctrination.

Aesthetics in Biripo indigenous musical performance

Biripo music, even when restricted to a group of people in the Ikale/Ilaje/Apoi milieux, is an embodiment of the consciousness of the folk and combines the art of the people with entertainment as a major cultural thrust, religious indoctrination and ethical values in the environment. This article attempts an analysis of the musical performance of Zeblon Omoranmowo entitled: word hangs loose and bursts 'Oro Ma Se Dugbe Dugbe O Be O' (2018) through an examination of the subject matter, themes and analogies that could constitute a veritable source of conflict to the larger society and internal disquietude to individuals whose indiscretion could ignite inter-personal conflicts through aesthetics as a philosophical model of analysis; claiming that religious books and selfish personal pursuits are potential sources of danger to the larger society.

Introduction

This chapter provides a background of the Mettray Agricultural Colony for Boys. The institution was founded by Frédéric Demetz, a Parisian magistrate. Demetz aimed to socialize criminal youth through agricultural work, basic elementary schooling, religious indoctrination, and strict military discipline. The chapter explains through the historical monograph of Mettray how it is considered the most venerated carceral institution of its time. It also provides an introduction to how power was deployed and explains ambitions that were connected to power, and how power was experienced, or in some cases resisted by prisoners. Further, it highlights the ways some young men attempted to circumvent disciplinary control.

Dichotomy in ethical perceptions of business students: an emerging country perspective

Purpose The Corruption Perception Index (CPI) for 2016 shows Pakistan as among the more corrupt nations in the world with a ranking of 117 among 176 countries surveyed. This situation raises concerns about members of the society and especially about the business communities. This paper aims to examine whether the tendency to corruption is also prevalent amongst business students, the future leaders and executives of business organizations. Design/methodology/approach The study uses survey questionnaires in the manner of Parsa and Lankford (1999) to examine the ethical levels of business students. It uses Levene’s (1960) tests for equality of variances and the t-test for equality of means to examine whether there are difference in the ethical perceptions between: bachelors (BBA) and graduate (MBA) students; business students who have taken the ethics course and those who have not; and female and male students. The authors also examine the overall ethical perceptions of business students. Findings The results show that students seem to make a clear distinction in respect of what they consider as acceptable and unacceptable ethical behavior. They would not indulge in behavior that directly falls within the category of stealing, misusing of company’s resources and undertaking actions that are wrong or dishonest, which may stem from their religious indoctrination. However, they would consider as acceptable behavior the overlooking of safety violations, not telling on peers; and fudging of the truth to get the job done. The latter attitude appears to be in line with business objectives of achieving targets irrespective of the means employed and that inform business education. We do not find any differences between the behavior of women and men which may be the outcome of the same religious indoctrination and educational perceptions. While there is a difference in the ethical perceptions between students who have taken the ethics course and those who have not, the course is not able to counter the lack of ethics among business students. There is a need for some stronger measures to inculcate a set of ethical values within students. However, we did find that some of the unethical behavior is diluted at the MBA level in comparison to BBA students. Originality/value This study provides new insights into the ethical perceptions of students in an Islamic emerging country. There is a conflict between ethics conveyed through Islamic precepts, and the ethics of business education with a focus on profits/revenues, costs, performance and competition that endorses a Machiavellian attitude of achieving goals at any cost and the love of money (Tang and Chen, 2008). It is the first study to suggest a differentiation in the ethical behavior of business students that exhibit both ethical and unethical behavior. There appears to be a clear segregation between what students deem as acceptable and unacceptable ethical behavior that may result from their personal/religious beliefs, and their business attitudes that strongly informs their ethical behavior. It provides a basis for developing more customized and effective ethics courses in Pakistan and suggests more importantly that ethics needs to be integrated into business concepts imparted in business programs at universities.