groundwater reserves
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2022 ◽  
pp. 1944-1964
Author(s):  
Abdelkrim Ben Salem ◽  
Souad Ben Salem ◽  
Mohammed Khebiza Yacoubi ◽  
Mohammed Messouli

Water ecosystem service is the most important element that supports Tafilalet agro-ecosystems. In this region, drought frequency is increasing, which complicate the management groundwater reserves. The ephemeral flows of the rivers force people to use groundwater to meet the population demand. Consequently, water resource management is of significant importance the sustainability of this area. Water evaluation and planning (WEAP) is useful management software used to evaluate and trace the trend of water demand. This model was applied in case of Ziz basin in order to simulate and analyze the situation of water under different scenarios. The results show an increasing of demand for water irrigation and with introducing modern irrigation scenario. However, a decreasing trend in reservoir storage volume and groundwater storage was projected in Tafilalet.


2021 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
V. I. Kozirev ◽  
V. A. Beshentsev

The article discusses the methods used in the field experimental filtration work, which allow you to gain knowledge about the filtration properties and water abundance of rocks. The features of the experimental filtration work in the subsoil areas operated by single water intakes are shown. It is noted that these are small water bodies, both in terms of the number of water wells and the amount of actual water withdrawal. The article proposes to use short-term single pumpings as a field research method in the above-mentioned areas, according to the results of which it is possible to substantiate the amount of required water withdrawal and determine the calculated values of the water conductivity coefficient. As an example, the results of pumping are considered, obtained during the implementation of experimental filtration work at three single water intakes located within the Latitude Ob region. The results of the experimental filtration work served as the source material for calculating the reserves of fresh groundwater. Fresh groundwater reserves were calculated and approved for each site in the amount of 499 m3/day for category B.


Author(s):  
Daniel Zamrsky ◽  
Gualbert Oude Essink ◽  
Edwin Sutanudjaja ◽  
Rens van Beek ◽  
Marc F P Bierkens

Abstract Coastal areas worldwide are often densely populated and host regional agricultural and industrial hubs. Strict water quality requirements for agricultural, industrial and domestic use are often not satisfied by surface waters in coastal areas and consequently lead to over-exploitation of local fresh groundwater resources. Additional pressure by both climate change and population growth further intensifies the upcoming water stress and raise the urgency to search for new fresh water sources. In recent years, offshore fresh groundwater reserves have been identified as such a potential water source. In this study, we quantify, for the first time, the global volume of offshore fresh groundwater in unconsolidated coastal aquifers and show that it is a viable option as additional fresh water source in coastal areas. Our results confirm previously reported widespread presence of offshore fresh groundwater along the global coastline. Furthermore, we find that these reserves are likely non-renewable as they were deposited during glacial periods when sea levels were substantially lower compared to current sea level. We estimate the total offshore fresh groundwater volume in unconsolidated coastal aquifers to be approximately 1.06 ± 0.2 million km³, which is roughly three times more than estimated previously and about 10% of all terrestrial fresh groundwater. With extensive active and inactive offshore oil pumping present in areas of large offshore fresh groundwater reserves, they could be considered for temporary fresh groundwater exploration as part of a transition to sustainable water use in coastal areas on the long run.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
V. M. Shestopalov ◽  
L. I. Petrenko ◽  
I. M. Romanyuk

Global warming, which has been observed in the world and Ukraine in particular in recent decades, may lead to a decrease in surface and groundwater. In addition, the high level of groundwater pollution and the policy of water purification is a matter of concern. Thus, the question of finding additional and alternative sources of drinking water today is highly urgent. A significant percentage of prospecting works of the last century was devoted to discovering the groundwater fields in fractured crystalline rocks of the Ukrainian Shield. As a rule, the productivity of wells of these formations did not have high flow rates, so even now, mostly the aquifers in sedimentary deposits have been exploited. The low productivity of most wells in water-bearing fractured rocks is associated with the unknown degree of fracturing of the crystalline massif: it is difficult to determine the pathways of groundwater inflow into the fracture system and, accordingly, it is not easy to justify the exploitable groundwater reserves. In this paper, using the groundwater flow model of the Zhashkiv groundwater deposit, it is considered an increase of the productivity of water intake wells in the water-bearing crystalline rocks due to the increasing degree of their fracturing by an explosion. Thus, in hydrogeology, this technique is known when trying to increase the permeability in the near-borehole space, but as a method of artificial recharge of aquiferous crystalline rocks is used very rarely. The paper also examines typical water intakes conditions in fractured crystalline water-bearing rocks, which can be recommended for increasing their productivity by the blasting method. The results indicate that an artificial increase in fracturing degree can have a significant effect on increasing the productivity of water intakes. The basic methods of using explosives, as an example of an artificial increase in fracturing degree, in solving hydrogeological problems and the mechanisms of fractures’ formation during the action of blasting are considered.


Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e08346
Author(s):  
Sylvester Richard Chikabvumbwa ◽  
Davis Sibale ◽  
Ramadan Marne ◽  
Sylvester William Chisale ◽  
Lackson Chisanu

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
A. I. Kuranicheva ◽  
Yu. K. Lankin ◽  
O. O. Naumova

The purpose of the study is to identify the main neotectonic formation features of over-deepened valleys where fresh groundwater is localized. The object and the subject of the study is the Kitoy deposit of drinking groundwater located in the U-shape valley of the Kitoy river, which is composed of constratal alluvium, as well as hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical conditions of the deposit. The study of the over-deepened alluvial dislocation is carried out based on the analysis of the works performed at the Kitoy fresh groundwater deposit for the period from 1956 to 2020. The deposit is located at the southern margin of the Siberian platform within the Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo plain. The article studies the origin of the dislocation formed by the intersection of waves of pitching and subsidence of the Baikal and Sayan directions accompanied by the groundwater localization. The described over-deepened valley is 9-39 m thick. It is represented by boulder-gravelpebble material with sandy aggregate. The average filtration coefficient for the deposit is 122 m/day, the average water permeability coefficient is 3400 m2 /day, whereas beyond its limits the indicators decrease. The qualitative composition of groundwater meets the standards, but some areas feature increased mineralization, high content of iron and manganese due to the inflow of groundwater from the underlying Jurassic aquifers. The authors made a generalization on the variations of the effective thickness of the aquifer and analyzed the favorable conditions for the formation of fresh groundwater within the depression structure for the purpose of water supply for drinking and household uses. 


Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1250
Author(s):  
Daniel Kahuda ◽  
Pavel Pech ◽  
Václav Ficaj ◽  
Hana Pechová

The exploitation of groundwater reserves, especially for drinking purposes, is becoming increasingly important. This fact has created the need to maintain wells in the best possible functional condition. However, wells are subject to an ageing process during intensive use, which entails an increase in up-to-date resistances in the well itself and its immediate surroundings (the skin zone). This causes a decrease in the efficiency of the well (a decrease in the pumped quantity, a decrease in the specific yield, an increase of the drawdown in the well, and creation of the skin zone). The increased hydraulic gradient in the skin zone causes an increase in the inflow rate to the well, thereby inducing the movement of fine material towards the casing. This material can clog the well casing and injection ports, which is compounded by an increase in chemical and biological plugging of the skin zone. In cooperation with the company sonic technologies, GmbH. (Sailauf, Germany), an experimental ultrasonic technology-based well rehabilitation assembly was developed and successfully tested. This article describes the prototype development of the ultrasonic device, including its incorporation into the rehabilitation set and a demonstration of its pilot deployment in the MO-4 pumping well in Czech Republic with an evaluation of the rehabilitation effects using the authors’ software (Dtest_ULTRA). Based on visual inspection and the results of hydraulic and geophysical analysis, the high efficiency of the tested technology was demonstrated in virtually all monitored parameters, where an improvement in the range of 25–55% compared to the original condition was identified.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Siegert ◽  
Pam Pearson

Sea-level rise is one of the most critical issues the world faces under global warming. Around 680 million people (10% of the world’s population) live in low-lying coastal regions that are susceptible to flooding through storm surges and from sea-water infiltration of fresh groundwater reserves, degradation of farmland and accelerated coastal erosion, among other impacts. Rising sea level will exacerbate these problems and lead to societal impacts ranging from crop and water-supply failures to breakdowns of city infrastructures. In time, it is likely such changes will necessitate the migration of people with substantial economic cost and social upheaval. Here, we discuss the physical processes influencing 21st Century sea-level rise, the importance of not using 2100 alone as a benchmark, the changes that are already locked in, especially after 2100, and those that can be avoided. We also consider the need for both adaptation and mitigation measures and early warning systems in this challenging global problem. Finally, we discuss how the scientific prediction of sea level rise can improved through international coordination, cooperation and cost sharing.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Luis Miranda Montenegro ◽  
Ana Garcia ◽  
Raizha Batista ◽  
Obdulia de Montilla ◽  
Arkin Tapia ◽  
...  

Abstract Providing drinking water to growing populations has become a worldwide concern. Therefore, in many countries some groundwater reserves are now being used to supply drinking water in remote urban areas. The state of these groundwater reserves is strongly influenced by the local geological conditions. Furthermore, climate change has caused a decrease in the periodicity of environmental conditions such as rainfalls, a key driver in replenishing these reserves. In 2019, the weak El Niño event affected the rainfall pattern, as well as physical and chemical quality of shallow ground waters in Panama. Within this study, the northwestern central region of Panama groundwaters have been systematically characterized during El Niño 2018 – 2019 event. Our results indicate that changes in values of physicochemical parameters such as alkalinity, pH and conductivity are related to changes in the amount of rainfall reported in the region starting from dry season (DS) to the rainy season (RS). Chloride was recorded as an indicator of anthropogenic activity and/or the effect of human populations on specific sites in the aquifer recharge zones. Lead (Pb2+), Zinc (Zn2+), Manganese (Mn2+), and Copper (Cu2+) concentrations in the groundwater were evaluated during the DS and RS 2019. Recorded data indicates sub – lethal concentrations of Pb2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ were associated to changes in alkalinity values of groundwater during the DS. While during the RS, a decrease in pH values favored the dissolution of Cu2+ and Zn2+. Our findings suggest that seasonal rainfall deficits modify shallow underground water alkalinity and pH values, inducing the redissolution of Pb2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Cu 2+and exposing populations to sub – lethal concentrations of those microelements.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Wiwoho ◽  
Suryanto Suryanto ◽  
Murtanti Murtanti ◽  
Setya Nugraha

The main campus of UNS Surakarta, occupies an area of ± 59,211 Ha. At present, the problem faced by UNS is the increasing of narrow green space, so that it increases rain water and lead to runoff. This process has an impact on the increase in flood discharge and the reduction in the supply of rainwater which becomes ground water reserves. In order to realize a Green Campus that supports sustainable development, efforts have been made relating to groundwater and surface water management. A total of 117 infiltration wells and more than 500 biopori infiltration units have been built, which serve to increase shallow groundwater reserves so that it increases rainwater harvesting and soil moisture. Rainwater that cannot be accommodated in infiltration wells is channeled to the lake named Danau UNS which has an area of 1,206 Ha with a maximum water volume of ± 7,959 m3 , so that it is expected to be able to maintain the shallow ground water balance at the Kentingan UNS Campus. In the future planning, Universitas Sebelas Maret will improve domestic wastewater treatment for other uses, so that there is an efficient use of sustainable clean water


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