Assessing the Accuracy of Estimated Lipoprotein(a) Cholesterol and Lipoprotein(a)‐Free Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Background Accurate measurement of the cholesterol within lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]‐C) and its contribution to low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) has important implications for risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, as well as in familial hypercholesterolemia. A method for estimating Lp(a)‐C from particle number using fixed conversion factors has been proposed (Lp[a]‐C from particle number divided by 2.4 for Lp(a) mass, multiplied by 30% for Lp[a]‐C). The accuracy of this method, which theoretically can isolate “Lp(a)‐free LDL‐C,” has not been validated. Methods and Results In 177 875 patients from the VLDbL (Very Large Database of Lipids), we compared estimated Lp(a)‐C and Lp(a)‐free LDL‐C with measured values and quantified absolute and percent error. We compared findings with an analogous data set from the Mayo Clinic Laboratory. Error in estimated Lp(a)‐C and Lp(a)‐free LDL‐C increased with higher Lp(a)‐C values. Median error for estimated Lp(a)‐C <10 mg/dL was −1.9 mg/dL (interquartile range, −4.0 to 0.2); this error increased linearly, overestimating by +30.8 mg/dL (interquartile range, 26.1–36.5) for estimated Lp(a)‐C ≥50 mg/dL. This error relationship persisted after stratification by overall high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol subtypes. Similar findings were observed in the Mayo cohort. Absolute error for Lp(a)‐free LDL‐C was +2.4 (interquartile range, −0.6 to 5.3) for Lp(a)‐C<10 mg/dL and −31.8 (interquartile range, −37.8 to −26.5) mg/dL for Lp(a)‐C≥50 mg/dL. Conclusions Lp(a)‐C estimations using fixed conversion factors overestimated Lp(a)‐C and subsequently underestimated Lp(a)‐free LDL‐C, especially at clinically relevant Lp(a) values. Application of inaccurate Lp(a)‐C estimations to correct LDL‐C may lead to undertreatment of high‐risk patients.

First Step towards the Upscaling of the Production of Washing Fines - Hemp Composite. Study of Multiphysical Properties

This study investigates the feasibility of scaling-up to industrial scale the production of washing fines – hemp composite. In previous studies (Mazhoud, 2017), (Mazhoud et al., 2017), such composites were developed with a high control of formulation. The washing mud were fully dried, and then milled. The washing fine – hemp composites were prepared from stabilized washing fine and hemp. This study aims to reduce the mud conditioning process in order to save energy and time. In a first time, the methodology for the conditioning of washing mud is detailed. Composite are then prepared considering unstabilized matrix and stabilized matrix with three stabilizer to fine mass ratios (5, 10 and 20 %). The apparent density increases with stabilizer to fine mass ratios according a degree two polynomial law. The mechanical compressive strength increases linearly with apparent density and the performance allows the studied composites to be used as wall formulation regarding the French national rules for hemp concrete. The thermal conductivity values range from 0.107 to 0.123 W/(m.K) at (23°C; 50%RH) reached from production point, this corresponds to a mass water content about 6%. Like for mechanical compressive strength, the thermal conductivity is mainly induced by apparent density. These thermal conductivity values make studied composite suitable for use as distributed insulation or thermal corrector. On hygric point of view, the Moisture Buffer Values classify all formulations as excellent hygric regulators. Finally, this paper shows the feasibility of scaling-up and that multi-physical properties of produced composites make them suitable for use in building envelop. The HSC-10 formulation seems to be the most promising regarding MBV results and considering that it would be possible to reduce thermal conductivity by acting on implementation in order to reduce apparent density.

Application of jacket cooling water system recovery for fuel heating on diesel engine to reduce emissions

The existence of a diesel engine is very necessary for life today. In development, the diesel engine is experienced many developments in all systems. In line with the development of the diesel engine can’t be separated from the impact of fuel use. This research was carried out to make a fuel heating system by utilizing jacket cooling water system recovery as a fuel heater and the method used in this research is an experimental method including making installation of a fuel heating system, testing on the diesel engine generator with specifications 4 strokes, 4 cylinders, 1500 rpm, 18 kVA using biodiesel (B20) fuel. The data were collected using a smoke opacity meter. The experiment was carried out by heating treatment of fuel starting from 30°C - 50°C at the interval of 5°C. Data analysis by describing experimental data. The result is showed that heating fuel can reduce the emission of the diesel engine.

Analisis Komposisi Serbuk Arang Karamunting (Melastoma Malabathricum) Dengan Serbuk Arang Sirih Hutan (Piper Aduncum) Terhadap Kualitas Briket Arang

Pertambahan penduduk yang semakin meningkat menimbulkan kekhawatiran akan terjadi kelangkaan bahan bakar akibat peningkatan kebutuhan bahan bakar di masa yang akan datang. Biomassa berpotensi menjadi sumber energi alternatif ditengah terbatasnya cadangan energi fosil. Briket arang adalah salah satu sumber energi alternatif berbasis biomassa (tumbuhan) yang dapat mendukung pemenuhan kebutuhan energi, membuka lapangan kerja serta emisi yang relatif ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari kombinasi komposisi terbaik campuran arang Karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum) dan Sirih Hutan (Piper aduncum) terhadap kualitas briket arang. Proses pengarangan menggunakan tungku pengarangan dengan metode tidak langsung. Pola penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan yaitu (A) komposisi 100% Karamunting dan 0% Sirih Hutan, (B) 75% Karamunting dan 25% Sirih Hutan, (C) 50% Karamunting dan 50% Sirih Hutan, (D) 25% Karamunting dan 75% Sirih Hutan, serta (E) 0% Karamunting dan 100% Sirih Hutan. Perlakuan terbaik terhadap kualitas briket arang perlakuan A (100% karamunting) dengan nilai kerapatan 0,666 g/cm3, kadar air 3,697%, keteguhan tekan 15,079 kg/cm2, kadar zat mudah menguap 16,70%, kadar abu 7,30%, kadar karbon terikat 76,00% dan kalor 6.807,33 kal/g. Briket arangdengan campuran serbuk arang karamunting 75% dan sirih hutan 25% adalah komposisi campuran terbaik dengan sifat kualitas briket arang; kerapatan 0,664 g/cm3, kadar air 4,521%, uji tekan 14,559kg/cm2, kadar zat mudah menguap 18,3,7%, kadar abu 7,80%, karbon terikat 72,90%, dan nilai kalor 6.556,66 kal/g.

Efektivitas Kombinasi Oxytetracycline, MgSO47H2O, Vitamin C, dan B Kompleks dalam Menurunkan Resiko Penularan Chilodinellasis dan Koi Herpes Virus (KHV)

Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui efetivitas kombinasi senyawa oxytetracycline, MgSO4.7H2O, vitamin C, dan B kompleks dalam menurunkan resiko penularan pada penyakit Chilodinellasis dan Koi Herpes Virus (KHV) pada ikan koi. Dosis senyawa kombinasi diaplikasikan dengan dicampur pada pakan dengan dosis 250 gram pakan/2 gram senyawa kombinasi (oxytetracycline 200 mg, MgSO4.7H2O 25 mg, vitamin C 50 mg, dan B kompleks 20 gm). Sampel penelitian sebanyak 90 ekor yang terbagi menjadi 3 kelompok, dimana kelompok I diberikan pakan tanpa campuran senyawa kombinasi, Kelompok II dan kelompok III diberikan perlakuan pencampuran pakan dengan senyawa kombinasi. Kelompok I dan II ikan yang belum pernah sakit dan kelompok III 15 ekor ikan pernah sakit dan 15 ikan belum pernah sakit. sampel dilakukan aklimatisasi dikolam dengan ukuran 2 x 2,5 x 1 meter tanpa naungan selama 3 – 4 bulan. Parameter penelitian antara lain perubahan warna kulit, sirip, keaktifan, dan kematian ikan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan menunjukkan rata-rata jumlah ikan yang sakit dengan parameter perubahan wana kulit, sirip merah/luka, ikan tidak aktif adalah kelompok I 7ekor,10 ekor, 8 ekor, kelompok II 2 ekor, 3 ekor, 2 ekor, kelompok III 3 ekor, 4 ekor, 2 ekor. Sedangkan pada parameter kematian ikan kelompok I terdapat 19 ekor dengan 7 ekor terinfeksi Chilodinellasis, 12 ekor terinfeksi KHV, sedangkan kelompok II dan III terdapat kematian 3 ekor masing-masing terinfeksi KHV. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kombinasi senyawa oxytetracycline, MgSO4.7H2O, vitamin C, dan B kompleks efektif dalam menurunkan resiko penyakit Chilodinellasis, KHV pada ikan koi.

Pendekatan Metode ABC Pada Toko X untuk Pengendalian Persediaan Barang

Persaingan industri retail begitu ketat, salah satu nya yaitu dengan efisiensi biaya, yang dapat dilakukan dengan mengendalikan persediaan. Toko X merupakan salah satu toko retail modern yang ada di Indonesia. Toko X menjual berbagai macam jenis barang fast moving consumer goods (FMCG). Perusahaan menerapkan sistem make to stock untuk memenuhi permintaan konsumen. Jumlah persediaan barang di gudang, tidak sesuai dengan permintaan konsumen sehingga terjadi penumpukan barang di gudang yang mengakibatkan tingginya biaya persediaan. Selain itu beberapa barang yang dijual mempunyai stok menipis, padahal permintaan konsumen banyak. Kondisi seperti ini akan mengakibatkan kerugian bagi perusahaan. Kategori A 30% jumlah barang sebesar Rp. 38.235.557,-. Klasifikasi B 20% jumlah barang senilai Rp. 7.748.157,-. Kategori C 50%. nilai Rp. 4.552.842,- Pemesanan ekonomis pada toko X, untuk persediaan barang A yaitu air mineral A PET 600 ml, pemesanan dilakukan saat persediaan 7 pcs, persediaan pengaman 46 pcs. Air mineral A PET 1500 ML pemesanan persediaan 7 pcs, persediaan pengaman 52 pcs. Susu bear brand 12 ml dengan pemesanan saat persediaan 11 pcs, persediaan pengaman 39 pcsKata kunci: persediaan barang, metode ABC, pemesanan ekonomis (ROP).

KOMBINASI POC SABUT KELAPA DAN NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annum L.)

Salah satu strategi efisiensi dalam budidaya sayuran adalah menekan biaya produksi pada setiap usaha taninya dengan menggunakan pupuk yang tepat dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan optimal. Salah satu upaya pemupukan berimbang menggunakan Kombinasi POC sabut kelapa dan NPK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kombinasi POC sabut kelapa dan NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan april sampai bulan agustus 2020 di desa kertabasuki, kecamatan maja, kabupaten majalengka. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan sembilan perlakuan dengan tiga kali ulangan. Faktor kombinasi pupuk yang diaplikasikan yaitu : A (0 ml POC + 0g NPK), B (50 ml POC + 5g NPK), C (50 ml POC + 0g NPK), D (100 ml POC + 5g NPK), E (100 ml POC + 0g NPK), F (150 ml POC + 5g NPK), G (150 ml POC + 0g NPK), H (200 ml POC + 5g NPK) dan I (200 ml POC + 0g NPK). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kombinasi POC sabut kelapa dan NPK berpengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai. Kombinasi 200 ml POC tanpa NPK memberikan hasil terbaik pada tinggi tanaman 9 mst diameter dan bobo buah cabai.

Nghên cứu giảm đắng nước bưởi thanh trùng bằng chế phẩm enzyme biocitrus

Bưởi có nhiều hợp chất có lợi cho sức khỏe như vitamin C, polyphenol. Nước bưởi sau thanh trùng thường có vị đắng khó chịu. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá khả năng cải thiện vị đắng của nước bưởi sau thanh trùng bằng phương pháp thủy phân với chế phẩm enzyme Biocitrus. Các yếu tố như pH (pH tự nhiên (3,5-3,6), 4,5, 5,5 và 6,5), nhiệt độ thủy phân (nhiệt độ phòng (29 – 31°C), 40°C, 50°C và 60°C) và thời gian thủy phân (0,5, 1,0, 2,0 và 3,0 giờ) lần lượt được thực hiện. Các hợp chất như naringin, polyphenol và vitamin C trong nước bưởi được định lượng bằng máy đo quang phổ UV-VIS, bên cạnh đó vị đắng của nước bưởi cũng được đánh giá cảm quan bằng phép thử cho điểm. Kết quả cho thấy thủy phân dịch bưởi tại nhiệt độ 60°C, pH môi trường 4,5 và thời gian thủy phân trong 2 giờ cho nước bưởi sau thanh trùng có vị đắng giảm so với nước bưởi không xử lý. Nước bưởi xử lý enzyme sau thanh trùng có hàm lượng naringin thấp hơn 2 lần so với nước bưởi không xử lý, giữa hai sản phẩm khác biệt về hàm lượng polyphenol và vitamin C. Enzyme Biocitrus có nhiều triển vọng trong ứng dụng giảm đắng của nước bưởi thanh trùng.

Characterization of Planococcus dechangensis isolated from a water sample of Çamaltı Saltern

In the present study, strain MHDS3 was isolated from a water sample of Çamaltı Saltern and identified using conventional and molecular methods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that the strain MHDS3 belonged to Planococcus dechangensis species. It gave a positive result in the Gram staining test. The cells were coccus, non-motile, aerobic, catalase positive, oxidase negative and the colony pigmentation was yellow-orange. It showed negative results for citrate utilization, indole production from tryptophane, Voges-Proskauer and methyl red. This isolate was able to grow at 10-45°C (optimally 35°C), pH 6-8 (optimally pH 7) and 3-20% NaCl (optimally 10% NaCl). It was not able to grow at 4°C, 10°C, 50°C, salt-free, 0.5%, 25%, %30 total salt, pH 4-5, and pH 9-12. Glucose, ribose, fructose, sucrose, maltose were used by the test isolate as carbon sources. Different amino acids found in the structure of animal hide such as L-lysine, L-arginine, L-cysteine, L-alanine, L-tyrosine, L-histidine were also utilized by the bacterium. During the salt production process, this bacterium may contaminate the salt which is used in the food and leather industries. The activities of harmful moderately halophilic bacteria should be prevented by effective antimicrobial applications.

The coupled effect of light and temperature on dormancy release and germination of Pinus koraiensis seeds

Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of environmental factors on seed dormancy and germination will provide guidance for tree regeneration. Toward understanding the coupled effect of light and temperature on dormancy release and germination of Pinus koraiensis seeds, we set up three light conditions (L200: 200 μmol m−2 s−1, L20: 20 μmol m−2 s−1, L0: 0 μ m−2 s−1) and four storage temperatures [T-5: − 5 °C (50 days), T5: − 5 °C (50 days) + 5 °C (50 days), T25: − 5 °C(50 days) + 5 °C (50 days) + 25 °C (50 days), T15: − 5 °C (50 days) + 5 °C (50 days) + 25 °C (50 days) + 15 °C (50 days)] using imbibed seeds, then quantified phytohormones gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) during the stratification. Germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (TM), and germination value (GV) under 25/15 °C temperature and the three light conditions were then determined. Phytohormone levels and germination performances were significantly affected by light and temperature. No consistent trend was found between the phytohormone levels and GP caused by light levels. Under the three light conditions, ABA concentrations in the embryo and endosperm decreased as storage temperature shifted from T-5 to T25 and increased from T25 to T15; GA3 decreased in nearly all four storage temperatures. GP reached 40–60% in T25 storage without light irradiance. In the three light conditions, GP and GV were higher at T5 and T25 than at T-5 and T15; so T5 and T25 are considered as optimum storage temperatures for dormancy release and germination. At optimum temperatures, light (L200, L20) significantly increased the GP and GV compared with the dark (L0). At L200 and L20, significant negative correlations between GV and the ABA concentrations and positive correlations between GV and GA/ABA in the seed embryo were found. Temperature played a more important role in primary dormancy release and germination; light was unnecessary for primary dormancy release. Light facilitated seed germination at optimum temperatures. The dormancy release and germination of P. koraiensis seeds were controlled by a decrease in ABA concentrations or an increase in GA/ABA induced by temperature variations.