Pandangan Hukum Islam terhadap Status Muflis (Debitur Pailit) sebagai Gharimin (Mustahik Zakat)

The development of sharia economy in Indonesia is increasing. Islamic economic development can be seen from the development of Islamic financial institutions and the Islamic financial instruments they offer, ranging from Islamic banks, Islamic capital markets, and Islamic insurance. With these developments, nowadays financing activities with sharia contracts are increasing and growing rapidly. However, only a few can pay it off. In other words, non-performing financing or bad loans at Islamic financial institutions often occur. Non-performing financing caused by the inability of the customer as a debtor to pay debts to a financial institution as a creditor resulted in the customer being bankrupted by the financial institution as a creditor. Bankruptcy is defined as the inability of the debtor or debtor (can be a person, legal entity, company) which is proven based on a court decision that the debtor has stopped paying his debts (unable to pay off debts) which results in general confiscation of his assets, so that the debtor is no longer entitled to manage his assets. . If it is associated with zakat, one of the ashnaf of zakat is gharimin or people who are in debt. Zakat institutions in Indonesia have not made bankrupt customers as gharimin who are entitled to receive zakat. The formulation of the problem in this paper is to find out the views of Islamic law on the status of bankrupt debtors as gharimin. The conclusion is that the status of a bankrupt debtor can be determined as a gharimin who is entitled to receive zakat. The use of debt in question can be for personal or public interest. The distribution pattern can use the qardh hasan pattern where the zakat given to the gharimin is not to be owned but to be returned again. The zakat funds are not only used to pay off debts, they can also be used as initial capital for bankrupt debtors to restart their business. Keywords: bankrupt debtor, gharimin, zakat mustahik.

Impact of Credit Risk, Distribution of Interest Rate, and Liquidity on Bank Profitability

Developing Islamic finance in Indonesia is needed to strengthen a sustainable economic structure. This issue is based on the promising potential of Islamic economic and financial development. This study examines the impact of credit risk, the spread of interest rates, and liquidity on bank profitability. The population in this study is Islamic banking companies in Indonesia during the 2014-2018 period. The sample was chosen from the purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 50 companies from several criteria. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 21. This research shows that credit risk and liquidity affect bank profitability. At the same time, the spread of interest rates does not affect banks' profitability.

Islamic Social Finance: Integrating Zakah Funds in Microfinance and Microenterprise Support Programs

Alleviating poverty and inequality are among the central objectives of zakah in the Islamic economic system. These objectives are also on top of the 17 SDGs of the UN 2030 Agenda. This research argues that microenterprise support programs (MSPs) have been proven as effective tools in combating poverty. However, lack of funds has always been a major challenge for the sustainability of those programs. Channeling zakah funds to MSPs will directly contribute to empowering deprived populations and helping them to lift themselves out of the poverty cycle. Two zakah-based MSPs have been analyzed in this chapter. The first one is the Asnaf Entrepreneurship Program of Lembaga Zakah, Malaysia and the second one is Baitul Maal Muamalat Indonesia (BMMI). According to literature, using zakah in (MSPs) requires a strict implementation of best practices including screening program beneficiaries, providing professional training and monitoring to businesses, and finally applying a graduation scheme.

Pengaruh Saham Syariah dan Sukuk yang Terdaftar di JII Terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Indonesia Tahun 2015-2019

<p>The background of this research is a phenomenm of Islamic economic financial which is the instrument of bursary effect. It focuses on the grow sharia stock and sukuk that leads to product domestic bruto (PDB) of certain contry. In this research sharia stock and sukuk as independent variables and product domestic bruto (PDB) as dependent variables. The object of this research is a secondary data from panel data of sharia stock and sukuk from 2015 to 2019. A quantitative method with association approach was chosen as the method of this research and also used doubled linear regression with Eviews 11 programme. The results showed that the sharia stock variables has sig value equal to 0,2409 (p&gt;0,05) in partially, and it mean that it does not affect to the product domestic bruto (PDB) variables. Meanwhile the sukuk variables has sig value equal to 0,000 (p&lt;0,05), and it affect the product domestic bruto (PDB) variables. And in the simultaneously results showed if sharia stock and sukuk variable have sig value equal to 0,000 (p&lt;0,05), it mean affectd the product domestic bruto (PDB) variables. Furthermore through the R Square test (R2), sharia stock and sukuk variables affect 91% of the product domestic bruto (PDB) variables and is 9% affected by other variables that does not included in this research.</p>

Mapping the Trend of Islamic Economic Studies Indexed in Sinta Website: A Bibliometric Analysis

Research on Islamic economics experienced rapid development in recent years along with the development of Islamic economics as a branch of science throughout the world, especially in Muslim countries. This paper aims at mapping and observing the trend of Islamic economic studies listed on SINTA, the official Indonesian indexing website. The sampling data for this study is 114 published papers obtained from the website. The data are analyzed using quantitative descriptive with bibliometric analysis method. This study found that most papers are published by “Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah”, owned by Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University. The qualitative approach is most used by research samples in this study with 74 papers (64.91%), while quantitative is only used by 40 papers (35.08%). It also found that Islamic economic research in Indonesia is dominated by Islamic bank topics with several general bank keywords, such as efficiency, profitability, liquidity, and Non-Performing Financing (NPF). This study suggested that further researchers conduct more studies on Islamic or Sharia values implemented within Islamic banks since it is the main difference between Islamic and conventional banks. Further studies can also observe broader problems like poverty and how the Islamic economy has overcome this issue==================================================================================================== ABSTRAK – Pemetaan Tren Kajian Ekonomi Islam pada Pengindeks SINTA: Suatu Analisis Bibliometrik. Penelitian di bidang ekonomi Islam mengalami perkembangan yang cukup signifikan beberapa tahun terakhir bersamaan dengan perkembangan ekonomi Islam sebagai salah satu cabang ilmu pengetahuan, terutama di negara-negara dengan mayoritas penduduknya adalah Muslim. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemetaan dan melihat tren publikasi pada artikel penelitian ekonomi Islam yang terindeks SINTA, website pengideks resmi Indonesia. Sebanyak 114 artikel diperoleh dari SINTA untuk dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan analisis bibliometrik. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa mayoritas paper dipublikasikan oleh “Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah” dari UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan oleh 74 sampel artikel (64.91%), sementara pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan oleh 40 artikel (35.08%). Studi ini juga menemukan bahwa artikel kajian ekonomi Islam di Indonesia masih didominasi oleh penelitian terkait bank syariah dengan beberapa kata kunci, diantaranya: efisiensi, profitabilitas, likuiditas, dan Non-Performing Financing (NPF). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan kepada para peneliti di bidang ekonomi Islam untuk melakukan kajian lebih mendalam pada nilai-nilai Syariah yang diimplementasikan di bank Syariah karena hal tersebut merupakan perbedaan mendasar antara bank Syariah dan bank konvensional. Isu lebih luas terkait kemiskinan dan bagaimana ekonomi Islam mengatasinya juga dapat diteliti secara lebih komprehensif dalam kerangka penelitian ekonomi Islam.

Global Value Chain: Islamic Economics and Finance Position

The growing number of Muslim populations promotes significant development on Islamic economic and finance activities called halal industry. While the halal industry is experiencing positive growth in the last four years, the Global Value Chain (GVC) – the chain of system that drives international trades and global economic activities – remains stagnant. The present study aims to explain the position of the Islamic economics and finance in the GVC. This study employs a qualitative-descriptive method with systematic literature review approach. By collecting secondary data using strict-processing stages and content analysis techniques, the author manages to meet the study’s purpose. The findings suggest that the Islamic economics and finance have opportunities to boost countries' participation in the GVC activities by harmonizing halal standardization, enhancing financial infrastructures, and providing various financial products. This study contributes to generate government policies and enterprises' decisions in developing the Islamic economics and finance within the GVC framework. It further provides initial insights and potential topics for future studies.

Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah: Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Mengatasi Perekonomian Masa Pandemic Covid 19

Pandemic covid 19 is increasingly significant in Indonesia, so the economy is unstable. This is caused by paralysis of activities in all dimensions of life so that the economy is completely paralyzed. Government policy is needed to be able to survive in the covid pandemic 19, so as to suppress the rate of inflation and the community is able to survive in the midst of the economic crush in accordance with Islamic economic law studies. Islamic scientific studies in the realm of sharia macroeconomics need to be carried out in order to be able to suppress and even overcome the problems that occur in the State of Indonesia today. How the government efforts are able to work together with all the various communities able that this outbreak is able to be overcome and not prolonged.

Monkey Business Practices on The Selling of “Janda Bolong” Plants in Indonesia: A Review of Islamic Economic Philosophy

<p>The sale and purchase of the “Janda Bolong” plant which was busy in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic at a very fantastic price, which was then suspected to contain monkey business practices. So this study aims to describe a review of the Islamic economic philosophy of monkey business practices in the “Janda Bolong” plants sale and purchase transaction. The research method used is a qualitative research method with the type of library research using a deductive approach. The results of this study indicate that the practice of buying and selling that occurs in the object of the plant “Janda Bolong” is a type of monkey business with objects that are not commonly practiced. The “Janda Bolong” plant sale and purchase transaction contains a <em>fasid</em> (damaged) contract, where the contract is in accordance with the Sharia but in the nature of the contract there is a problem. The price formation process that occurs in it is also unfair, so it is not in accordance with Islamic law. In Islamic economic philosophy, the practice of monkey business in buying and selling the “Janda Bolong” plant is not allowed. Because it denotes the essence of the creation of humans on earth, namely as a caliphate by processing the available resources in order to achieve happiness in this world and the hereafter.</p>

Pengaruh Religiusitas, Love of Money, dan Status Sosial Ekonomi Terhadap Kecenderungan Perilaku Tax Evasion dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam

Tax is a mandatory expenditure imposed on taxpayers to assist the development of the country. However, taxpayers feel that taxes are a burden for them, because the distribution of development has not been maximized, causing the people to feel reluctant to pay their obligations. So in this case the taxpayer is trying to find a way to evade taxes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of religiosity, love of money, and socio-economic status on the tendency of tax evasion behavior in an Islamic economic perspective. This study used a literature study which refers to journals and books. The results of this study reveal that religiosity and love of money have an effect on tax evasion behavior. However, socioeconomic status has no effect on tax evasion behavior.

Muamalah Market Disruption in The Middle of Modern Markets in Islamic Economic Perspective

The Muamalah market and the use of dinars and dirhams in the community are not merely tools for buying and selling activities. However, it contains a noble goal, namely, to provide benefits to humans, especially in buying and selling activities. The phenomenon of the muamalah market seems to be the answer to concerns about the existence and monopoly activities of conventional markets (eg malls and supermarkets). The results of this study (qualitative) reveal: first, the muamalah market has been disrupted due to the inability to compete with the conventional market presence and the delay in responding to the conventional market presence, especially from the aspect of using technology. Second, the muamalah market does not yet have a fixed place. Third, the use of dinars and dirhams during their implementation does not yet have legality in their use. Fourth, the government still has not looked at the muamalah market to make an economic contribution to the country. The implication of this research is the urgency of the presence of the muamalah market and the use of dinars and dirhams. The use of technology will provide muamalah market opportunities and the use of dinars and dirhams so that they can be useful for the community. So that this can be the answer to economic problems in the community and even for the country.