Green Growth, Green Technology, and Environmental Health: Evidence From High-GDP Countries

Green growth is an exceptional strategy for sustainable development. It provides a pathway to combat environmental issues and the use of natural resources. This study investigates the effects of green technology and environmental factors on green growth in high-gross domestic product (GDP) countries from 2000 to 2020. In addition, it also probes the linear and nonlinear effects of GDP on green growth. To do so, we employ an advanced econometric approach, e.g., a cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lags estimator for long and short runs. The outcomes demonstrate that the linear effect of GDP is positive for green growth. On the contrary, the nonlinear effect of GDP has a negative magnitude for green growth. Besides, green technology substantially increases green growth. Energy consumption is found to be an important influencer, and it decreases green growth. Environmental factors such as emissions, according to the findings, also reduce green growth in the sample countries. It is worth noting that the joint effects of energy consumption and emissions deteriorate green growth in countries. Based on empirical findings, for policy makers, this study suggests that high-GDP countries should manage their economic and environmental activities in order to increase the amount of green growth that may protect the ecological environment.

The Asymmetric Impact of Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Population, and R&D on Carbon Emission in Turkey

The presented study analyzes the asymmetry effect of research and development (R&D) expenditures, population growth, energy consumption, and economic growth on carbon emissions in the sample of Turkey for the period 1990-2020. Nonlinear ARDL is used to control the asymmetry of the variables. Linear ARDL is used to control the long-term and short-term relationships between the variables. The findings show that there is a symmetrical or linear relationship between the variables of R&D expenditures, population growth, energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions. The findings display that economic growth and R&D are effective in reducing carbon emissions, while energy consumption seems to increase carbon emissions. Interestingly, the population was found to be effective in reducing carbon emissions in the study. In order for Turkey to reach its 2050 target, it is necessary to give priority to environmental regulations and policies.

Natural regeneration of European Larch outside natural area with minimum of seed trees

The study of dissemination and success of natural regeneration of European larch outside its growing area, with a minimum supply of seed plants, is presented. It was analyzed that the success of natural regeneration of larch is affected by the absence of air sacs in pollen grains, this limits their dispersion at close distances and reduces the quality of seeds of the species, due to unsatisfactory pollination, more than fifty percent are dissimilar. It was found that the distance of maximum dissemination of European larch reaches 112–114 m. The undergrowth and self-seeding of European larch was represented by different height gradations. Half (49 %) of the recorded plants represent a gradation from 2 m and more, 36,5 % up to 1 meter in height, which indicates that the process of formation of the young generation of European larch can last up to 10 years, subject to the necessary conditions (good mineralized soil). Biometric measurements show that the leading position in height is occupied by birch, and the leader among conifers in height in height is Scotch pine. The dynamics of the annual growth of European larch until 2017 has a positive trend, after which it gradually decreases, from 38,6 cm to 24,7 cm in 2020, which is caused by the lack of silvicultural care, as well as the process of the emergence of new individuals of self-seeding, which is 23,5 % of accounted plants. In general, the natural regeneration of European larch and Scots pine under conditions of simple fresh subores (B2) has a higher growth energy than that of forest crops and undergrowth of European spruce.

Challenges for China to achieve carbon neutrality and carbon peak goals: Beijing case study

China has set a goal to achieve peak CO2 emissions before 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. To achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, China needs to address the challenge of the large and still growing CO2 emission base. This paper investigated the energy consumption and CO2 emission in Beijing from 2020–2035 based on the energy elasticity coefficient and contribution value of the sub-energy increment (CVSI) method. Beijing is one of the first cities in China to propose the "carbon peak” target as of 2020. From 2020 Beijing will strive to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. The results show that in 2035 the CO2 emission in Beijing may drop to 50% of 2020. This decline would be affected by economic growth, energy efficiency and the proportion of renewable energy use. Beijing’s energy supply mainly comes from outside the region. Therefore, for Beijing, in addition to increasing the proportion of renewable energy sources outside the region, its own energy acceptance also needs to be strengthened, including strengthening energy storage construction, actively researching and promoting carbon capture and utilization of gas-fired units, which are effective ways to achieve carbon neutrality target.