marriage premium
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linus Andersson ◽  
Marika Jalovaara ◽  
Caroline Uggla ◽  
Jan Saarela

Extensive literature theorizes the role of re-partnering on cohort fertility and whether union dissolution can be an engine for fertility. A large share of higher-order unions is non-marital cohabitations. Yet, most previous completed cohort fertility studies on the topic analyze marital unions only and none have measured cohabitations using population-level data. We use Finnish register data to enumerate every birth, marriage, and cohabitation from ages 18-46 in the 1969–1972 birth cohorts, and analyze the relationship between the number of unions and cohort fertility for men and women using Poisson regression. We show that re-partnering is driven by cohabitations. Re-marriage is positively associated with cohort fertility, compared to individuals in a single intact marriage. However, when measured using marriages as well as non-marital cohabitations, re-partnering is negatively associated with fertility, compared to individuals in a single intact union. This negative association increases with socioeconomic status. “Serial cohabitation” is a strong predictor of low fertility. Men see a slight “re-marriage premium” in fertility and a (non-marital) “re-partnering penalty,” compared to women. Thus, re-partnering is likely not an efficient engine for fertility. Further, marriage and cohabitation are far from indistinguishable in a country often described as a second demographic transition forerunner.


Author(s):  
Roberto Bonilla ◽  
Francis Kiraly ◽  
John Wildman
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Torche ◽  
Alejandra Abufhele

Children born to married parents have better health, behavioral, educational, and economic outcomes than children of unmarried mothers. This association, known as the "marriage premium," has been interpreted as emerging from the selectivity of parents who marry and from a positive effect of marriage. The authors suggest that the positive effect of marriage could be contextual, emerging from the normativity of marriage in society. They test this hypothesis using the case of Chile, where marital fertility dropped sharply from 66% of all births in 1990 to 27% in 2016. The authors find that the benefit of marriage for infant health was large in the early 1990s but declined as marital fertility became less normative in society, to fully disappear in 2016. Multivariate analysis of temporal variation, multilevel models of variation across place, sibling ?fixed effects models, and a falsification test consistently indicate that marriage has a beneficial effect when marital fertility is normative and a weak effect when is not. Generalizing from this case, the authors discuss contextual effects of diverse practices and statuses.


2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-968
Author(s):  
Florencia Torche ◽  
Alejandra Abufhele
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Tharp ◽  
Elizabeth Parks-Stamm ◽  
Meghaan Lurtz ◽  
Michael Kitces

This study examined marriage and parental income premiums among financial advisors. Financial advisors provide an interesting context for exploring such premiums, as financial advising is a historically male-dominated profession that has been found to exhibit large unadjusted gender pay gaps. Using a large sample of financial advisors recruited via a professional continuing education website (n=555), this study investigates whether gender differences exist among financial advisors with respect to the marriage premium, the parenthood premium, the parental leave effect, and the stay-at-home spouse premium. This study examined premiums both with and without potentially endogenous human capital covariates. Without including potentially endogenous covariates, a marriage premium was observed among men but not women, a parenthood premium was observed among women but not men, a parental leave premium was observed among neither men nor women, and a stay-at-home spouse premium was observed among men but not women. When potentially endogenous covariates were included, a marriage penalty was observed among women but not men, a parenthood premium was observed among women while a parenthood penalty observed among men, a parental leave premium was observed among men but not women, and a stay-at-home spouse premium was observed among men while a stay-at-home spouse penalty was observed among women. Exploratory Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analyses revealed sizeable unadjusted income gaps by gender (16.7%), marriage (32.8%), parenthood (8.1%), parental leave (16.7%), and spousal employment (39.8%).


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bonilla ◽  
Francis Kiraly ◽  
John Wildman
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 851-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bonilla ◽  
Francis Kiraly ◽  
John Wildman

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip N. Cohen

Using data on cohabitation from the 1995-1997 March Current Population Survey, the first three years inwhich the survey included "unmarried partner" as a relationship category, I measure the relationship betweenearnings and cohabitation as well as other marital statuses across racial-ethnic groups for men and women.Results show that among 25-54 year-old workers, black women have the largest cohabitation "premium" --the earnings advantage over never-married workers -- more than three-times the premium for white women.Hispanic women have no cohabitation premium. White men have the largest marriage premium, and eachother group except white women also has a significant marriage premium. There is a significant cohabitationbenefit for white men, black men, and Hispanic men. Substantial differences in observed effects across groupssuggest the need for models that are more complicated than previously used. Research into marital statuseffects on earnings is misleading when restricted to white men.


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